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1.
以黄土高原数量最多、分布最广的针叶人工林树种油松为对象,研究采集油松及其他拟混交的9个树种的当年枯落叶,以无林荒草地腐殖质层土壤作为分解介质,在室内将油松分别与不同树种枯落叶以一定比例混合后装入尼龙网袋并埋入盛土培养钵中,恒温恒湿下连续进行345d分解培养试验,测定分解前后枯落叶质量及养分含量的变化,探讨油松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对养分释放的影响。结果表明:(1)在所有10个树种中,油松枯落叶的N、P和K含量最低,而C含量、C/N和C/P最高,属于枯落叶基质质量较差的树种;油松枯落叶除了K、Ni之外,其他C、N、P、Cu、Zn、Cd均释放最慢;在枯落叶分解过程中,大量元素整体上较微量元素容易释出,其中,大量元素中K最活跃而易释出,P比较迟钝而难释出,C、N居中并具有一定的释出同步性;微量元素中Zn最为活跃而易释出,其次是Cd和Cu,Ni一般较迟钝而难释出。(2)不同树种枯落叶分别与油松枯落叶混合分解对各种养分释放有明显促进作用的分别为:落叶松和白桦对C;柠条、白桦、白榆、沙棘和辽东栎对N;小叶杨、白桦、刺槐、沙棘和柠条对P;白桦、沙棘和紫穗槐对Cu;白桦和紫穗槐对Zn;白榆对Ni;落叶松、刺槐、白桦和白榆对Cd。(3)根据对所有养分释放影响的综合分析,与油松枯落叶混合分解总体上可明显促进养分释放的树种为白桦,其次为落叶松和沙棘;总体上可明显抑制养分释放的树种为小叶杨,其次为辽东栎和柠条。 相似文献
2.
黄土高原油松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对土壤性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过油松及其他10个树种枯落叶单独和混合分解试验,探讨了油松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对土壤性质的影响及在对土壤性质影响中是否存在相互促进或抑制作用。结果表明:11种枯落叶单独分解均明显提高了土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、磷酸酶活性和有机质、碱解氮含量,但在对土壤速效磷含量和CEC的影响中存在较大差异。油松分别与侧柏、小叶杨、刺槐和白榆枯落叶混合分解对土壤微生物总量的影响存在明显的相互促进作用;油松与沙棘枯落叶混合分解对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响存在相互促进作用,而与侧柏、白桦和白榆枯落叶混合分解对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响存在相互抑制作用;油松与大部分树种枯落叶混合分解对土壤速效钾的影响存在相互促进作用,而对土壤速效磷的影响存在相互抑制作用;油松分别与小叶杨、沙棘、紫穗槐枯落叶混合分解对土壤有机质的影响存在相互促进作用。就土壤性质总体而言,油松与沙棘、刺槐、小叶杨和紫穗槐枯落叶成对混合分解对土壤性质综合表现为相互促进,而与侧柏、辽东栎、白桦、落叶松和柠条枯落叶成对混合分解对土壤性质综合表现为相互抑制。 相似文献
3.
人工纯林的长期连续生长或连栽所引起的土壤性质极化是导致土壤退化和影响人工林生态系统稳定及可持续发展的重要原因,防治的根本途径是引入种间关系协调的其他树种形成针阔混交林。该研究针对陕北半湿润黄土丘陵区的针叶纯林,通过野外采集典型林地腐殖质层土壤和不同针阔树种当年枯落叶后进行室内混合培养试验结果表明,受自身枯落叶的影响,油松林地土壤会向偏碱化、土壤贫养(缺N)化和富啡酸含量减少的负向极化,最适宜引入的树种是小叶杨、辽东栎,其次为白桦,而刺槐不适宜;落叶松林地土壤会向偏碱化、土壤碱解N和速效K的缺乏及细菌、真菌数量减少的负向极化,最适宜引入的树种是小叶杨,其次为刺槐,而白桦和辽东栎不适宜;侧柏林地土壤会向土壤胡敏酸含量减少、部分酶酶活性降低和细菌数量明显减少的负向极化,最适宜引入的树种是小叶杨和辽东栎,而白桦和刺槐不适宜。 相似文献
4.
为改善人工针叶林地的土壤化学性质退化的问题,通过土壤与枯落叶混合后进行室内培养的方法,研究了黄土残塬沟壑区阔叶树种枯落叶对针叶林地土壤化学性质的改善效应。结果表明:(1)小叶杨枯落叶对侧柏林地土壤碱解氮、有机C和胡敏素的改善效果显著;沙棘枯落叶对油松林地土壤速效磷和侧柏林地土壤pH值、速效磷、速效钾、富啡酸的改善效果显著;柠条枯落叶对油松林地土壤速效钾、有机C、胡敏酸和胡敏素的改善效果显著。(2)对油松林地来说,枯落叶的综合改善效应为:沙棘>柠条>辽东栎>小叶杨>刺槐枯落叶;对侧柏林地来说,枯落叶的综合改善效应为:小叶杨>沙棘>辽东栎>柠条>刺槐枯落叶。 相似文献
5.
黄土残塬沟壑区利用阔叶树种枯落叶对针叶林土壤极化的防治效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人工纯林的长期连续生长或连栽所引起的土壤极化是导致土壤退化和影响人工林生态系统稳定及可持续发展的重要原因,防治的根本途径是引入其他树种形成针阔混交林或者利用其他树种枯落叶进行根系附近的局部客置。针对在黄土残塬沟壑区的针叶纯林,通过野外采集典型林地腐殖质层土壤和不同森林和城市道路绿化阔叶树种当年枯落叶后进行室内混合培养试验,研究表明:(1)油松枯落叶会引起土壤有机质、有效磷含量、微生物数量增加和脱氢酶、磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶等多种酶活性增强的正向极化,但同时却会引起土壤碱解氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性降低的负向极化。与小叶杨和沙棘混交或将其枯落叶客置可以明显改善油松林地土壤性质,而柠条、刺槐和辽东栎则反会恶化土壤性质。客置七叶树、紫叶李、泡桐枯落叶可以明显改善油松林地土壤性质,其次为银杏,而其他树种均不适宜。(2)侧柏枯落叶会引起土壤有效磷、速效钾含量、微生物数量增加和蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶活性增强的正向极化,但同时却会引起土壤碱解氮含量和脲酶活性降低的负向极化。与辽东栎、刺槐混交或将其枯落叶客置可以明显改善侧柏林地土壤性质,其次是沙棘和柠条,而小叶杨则反会恶化土壤性质。客置玉兰、七叶树、法桐枯落叶可以明显改善侧柏林地土壤性质,其次为杜仲、五角枫,而其他树种均不适宜。该研究结果将对于大面积人工纯林改造、混交林营建等方面具有重要的理论指导和实践意义。 相似文献
6.
对六盘山不同植被的地被物分布特征进行研究发现,华北落叶松、白桦和油松林下草本植物物种丰富。辽东栎林枯落物叶片宽厚肥大,分解后枯落物较为松软,厚度最大,枯落物总储量仅次于华北落叶松。不同森林植被枯落物中,针叶枯落物所占比例最大。未分解层储量／厚度比值小于半分解层,9月份针叶林枯落物储量／厚度比值最大。天然次生林辽东栎林植被结构复杂,尽管不断有枯落物补充,枯落物却能迅速破碎分解,一方面能够迅速补充土壤养分含量,另一方面能够在地表形成更为疏松的枯落物层,因此7—9月份辽东栎林枯落物变化较大。 相似文献
7.
陕西秦岭山区典型人工林地腐殖质层土壤客土混合效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引进更新树种形成混交林是解决人工纯林连栽障碍问题的根本途径,为了了解陕西秦岭山区日本落叶松、油松、灰楸和锐齿栎4种典型人工林树种混交的可行性,本项研究尝试通过不同针阔树种林地腐殖质层土壤的原位混合培养来模拟混交造林试验,从土壤生物化学和枯落叶分解的角度探讨了4种树种种间关系的协词性。结果表明:(1)在针叶林地引入阔叶林树种后可以促进土壤微生物量、酶活性和原林地枯落叶年分解速率的提高,而且随着引入阔叶树种比例的增加促进作用增强,引入树种灰楸的作用大于锐齿栎;(2)在阔叶林地适量引入针叶树种后虽然也可以促进土壤微生物量、酶活性和原林地枯落叶年分解速率的提高。但是随着引入针叶树种比例的增加促进作用减弱,引入树种油松的作用大于落叶松;(3)从土壤生物化学性质和枯落叶分解的角度综合表明,4种典型人工林树种的针阔种间关系均表现为协调,而且油松与灰楸的种间协调性最好,其次为落叶松与灰楸、油松与锐齿栎,而落叶松与锐齿栎的种间协调性较差。 相似文献
8.
水分胁迫对6种苗木光合生理特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
土壤控水条件下,测定了2 a生小叶杨、沙地白榆、旱榆、河南白榆、旱柳和紫穗槐等6个树种苗期叶片的气体交换参数、叶绿素相对含量和叶片水势的变化值,并对其进行了比较分析.结果表明,供测的6种苗木随水分胁迫程度的加剧叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(gs)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)降低的幅度并不相同.6种苗木上述5个指标的降幅排序依次为:河南白榆>小叶杨>旱柳>紫穗槐>旱榆>沙地白榆,说明了不同树种在水分胁迫条件下的光合能力及水分利用能力差别较大.6种苗木的叶绿素相对含量随水分胁迫程度的加剧变幅也不相同,河南白榆在严重的水分胁迫下叶绿素相对含量降低显著,而沙地白榆即使在极端严重的干旱胁迫下叶绿素相对含量的降幅也较小.干旱胁迫对不同树种光合机构的损伤程度有显著差异.6种苗木叶片水势的测定结果表明,河南白榆和小叶杨对干旱胁迫较敏感,最先受到干旱胁迫的伤害,而沙地白榆和旱榆具有很强的忍耐脱水的性能,对水分胁迫反应迟缓,叶片遭受干旱伤害的程度较轻. 相似文献
9.
为探索加快毛白杨落叶分解的途径, 采取室内培养的方法研究了添加铵态氮、硝态氮及混合氮对三倍体毛白杨落叶分解速度和主要营养元素释放的影响。结果表明, 添加氮源对三倍体毛白杨落叶分解有一定的促进作用, 不同氮源之间差异显著。140 d后, 施加铵态氮、混合氮和硝态氮的落叶分解率分别为46.0%、30.0%和28.8%, 而对照为27.4%, 处理间差异显著; Olson指数方程拟合结果表明,施加铵态氮、混合氮和硝态氮后落叶分解50%和95%所需时间分别为175 d、316 d、301 d和781 d、1 238 d、1 627 d,比对照分别缩短49.7%、9.2%、13.5%和52.0%、23.9%、14.1%。同时, 添加氮源后对落叶中N、P、K元素的释放影响有所不同, 其中对K元素的释放基本没有产生影响, 随着分解的进行, 不同处理落叶中K元素浓度逐渐降低。但添加氮源对N、P元素的释放产生了显著影响, 与对照相比, 添加氮源缩短了N、P释放的富集时间, 降低了富集的幅度;N、P的富集时间均从对照的21 d缩短到处理的7 d; N的富集幅度从对照为初始浓度的1.94倍降低到处理为初始浓度的1.32~1.56倍, P的富集幅度从对照为初始浓度的2.98倍降低到处理为初始浓度的1.70~2.26倍。因此添加氮源加快了落叶的分解速度,促进了落叶中N、P的释放, 有利于加快养分循环, 提高立地生产力。 相似文献
10.
对岷江上游连香树、糙皮桦、云南松和云杉4种主要人工林凋落叶进行了凋落叶混合分解试验,探讨了凋落叶混合分解过程中的残留率以及分解过程中C,N含量和C,N释放率的动态变化,为试验区最佳混交树种的选择提供理论指导.结果表明,不同凋落叶分解速率存在显著差异.糙皮桦与云杉,糙皮桦与云南松,连香树与云南松凋落叶混合后对分解过程具有明显的促进作用,连香树与云杉凋落叶的混合对分解的促进作用不明显.放置于阔叶林地的针阔混合凋落叶分解速率较之放置于针叶林地快,且针阔混交有益于凋落叶的分解.在分解过程中凋落叶C含量呈减小趋势,但其释放率反之;N含量在分解过程中,连香树、云杉、云南松凋落叶表现为增加(富集)减小(释放)趋势,糙皮桦表现为减小—增大—减小的变化趋势.针阔林地凋落叶混合后促进了针叶林地凋落叶C和N的释放. 相似文献
11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
12.
The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been
indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also
been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome
number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of
Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed. 相似文献
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14.
J. Renato de Freitas 《Pedobiologia》2000,44(2)
The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of winter wheat were studied in a growth chamber. Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus polymyxa, Enterobacter cloacae, or a mixture of the four rhizobacteria were the inoculants tested. Inoculation effects on yield, yield components, and N-derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were assessed. The response of plants inoculated with individual bacteria was inconsistent and varied with treatment. At the first harvest (58 days after planting-DAP) plants inoculated with the mixture exhibited increases in plant dry weight, total-N and Ndff. At the second harvest (105 DAP), plants inoculated with A. brasilense and the mixture exhibited increases in shoot biomass, whereas at maturity (170 DAP), the inoculated plants showed no differences in total-N or shoot dry matter yield, as compared to the uninoculated controls. Inoculation with A. brasilense, however, increased the Ndff in the shoots, and B. polymyxa tended to enhance grain yield. Practical use of these rhizobacteria as inoculants for winter wheat may have limited value until such time as we better understand factors which influence rhizosphere competence of bacterial inoculants. 相似文献
15.
M. Rodríguez-Quijano M.T. Nieto-Taladriz J.M. Carrillo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(6):599-607
A collection of 136 accessions of Aegilops umbellulata (39), Ae. comosa (75) and Ae. markgrafii (22) was analysed for high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits composition. The homogeneity of the accessions was studied and 55.1% of the collection was homogeneous for HMW glutenin subunits (29 Ae. umbellulata, 33 Ae. comosa and 14 Ae. markgrafii). The HMW glutenin subunits of Ae. umbellulata are encoded by the Glu-U1 locus; in Ae. comosa results showed that this proteins are encoded at the 1M chromosome, and the locus was named Glu-M1. In Ae. markgrafii it was assumed that HMW glutenin subunits were encoded by an homoeologous locus and it was named Glu-C1. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii expressed both, x-type and y-type subunits. Among the Ae. comosa accessions, only one expressed an x-type subunit alone. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and some of Ae. comosa had x-type glutenins of higher molecular weights than those commonly present in bread wheat. A total of 8 alleles were detected at the Glu-U1 locus, 11 at the Glu-M1 and 4 at the Glu-C1. The new HMW glutenin variation found in this work suggests their possible utilisation in breeding for wheat quality. 相似文献
16.
17.
Sofie E. De Meyer Koenraad Van Hoorde Bram Vekeman Tamara Braeckman Anne Willems 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2384-2396
We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies. 相似文献
18.
The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia and among 3 allied genera Clematoclethra, Saurauia, and Sladenia have been very controversial. In order to understand the systematic implication of foliar trichomes in those genera, the micromorphological characteristics of foliar trichomes from 34 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed micromorphological characteristics were classified into eight main types. A phylogenetic analysis of Actinidia and related genera based on 15 micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes was conducted using Wagner parsimony method and Sladenia celastrifolia, Rhododendron hybridum and R. simsii as a complex outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, Actinidia is shown to be a monophyletic group, and Clematoclethra and Saurauia form another monophyletic group. This study also presents the phylogenetic relationships among 4 sections within the genus Actinidia: the monophyly of sect. Leiocarpae and of sect. Strigosae, and polyphyly of sect. Maculatae and of sect. Stellatae. 相似文献
19.
Diversity of native rice (Oryza Poaceae:) species of Costa Rica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alejandro Zamora Cynthia Barboza Jorge Lobo Ana M. Espinoza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):855-870
We found several populations of wild Oryza species in the lowlands of Costa Rica. The plants showed extensive morphological variation, suggesting the presence of several species. In the morphologic study, 33 traits were scored for plants of all the species. A principal component analysis revealed the significant morphological separation of the different species. The analyses indicated that there are three species, O. grandiglumis, O. latifolia and O. glumaepatula. Two putative hybrid types were found, both significantly differing in their morphology from the known species and intermediate at several traits. O. grandiglumis is a new record for Costa Rican flora. Its main population is located in Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, Los Chiles, Alajuela. O. latifolia is distributed throughout the lowlands of the country and the plants of the Atlantic slope are significantly bigger in general habit than those of the Guanacaste area. During this study a population of O. glumaepatula of hundreds of thousands of plants was discovered in the Medio Queso River wetland, Los Chiles, Alajuela. This population is the most important source of genes for cultivar's improvement from the primary gene pool of rice in Costa Rica. The small ligule and the wide flag leaf characteristic of the two CCDD species separated them from the AA diploid O. glumaepatula. Seed size, ligule size, number of branches in the panicle, plant height and sterile lemma length are all bigger in O. grandiglumis, and influenced the second factor that separated the CCDD species in two discrete clusters. The species found offer great possibilities for the improvement of rice cultivars and they should be thoroughly studied and appropriately protected. 相似文献
20.
One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre,
Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes
of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were
observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China
is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars
bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces
were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China
does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources. 相似文献