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1.
Genotypic diversity in Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. graminearum from Australia and the relationship between diversity and pathogen aggressiveness for head blight and/or crown rot of wheat were examined. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis revealed a high level of genotypic diversity within each species. Sixty-three of the 149 AFLP loci were significantly different between the two species and 70 of 72 F. pseudograminearum and 56 of 59 F. graminearum isolates had distinct haplotypes. When head blight and crown rot severity data from a recently published work on isolates representing the entire range of aggressiveness were used, only the genotypic diversity of F. pseudograminearum was significantly associated with its aggressiveness for the two diseases. Cluster analyses clearly demonstrated the polyphyletic structures that exist in both pathogen populations. The spatial diversity within F. graminearum was high within a single field, while frequent gene flow ( N m ∼ 14) and a low fixation index ( G st = 0·03) were recorded among F. pseudograminearum isolates from the adjacent states of New South Wales and Queensland. The differences in population structure between the heterothallic F. pseudograminearum (teleomorph G. coronicola ) and the homothallic F. graminearum (teleomorph G. zeae ) were not as pronounced as expected given their contrasting mating systems. Neither species was panmictic or strictly clonal. This points to sexual recombination in F. pseudograminearum , suggesting that ascospores of G. coronicola may also play a role in its biology and epidemiology.  相似文献   

2.
为明确我国不同种、地理来源和毒素化学型小麦茎基腐病菌的致病力分化情况,采用纸塔法对来自全国9个省市80个采样点分离的224株小麦茎基腐病菌进行致病力分析。结果表明,不同种镰刀菌的致病力不同,黄色镰刀菌Fusarium culmorum,禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum,假禾谷镰刀菌F.pseudograminearum及亚洲镰刀菌F.asiaticum致病力强于其他种。F.culmorum致病力显著高于F.pseudograminearum和F.asiaticum,而F.pseudograminearum,F.graminearum及F.asiaticum三者之间无显著性差异。中华镰刀菌F.sinensis,木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti,锐顶镰刀菌F.acuminatum致病力较弱,三者间苗期致病力无显著性差异;多数省份F.pseudograminearum群体间致病力无显著差异,仅山东F.pseudograminearum群体的致病性显著低于河南群体;此外,产毒类型为3ADON的F.pseudograminearum群体致病力显著高于15ADON群体。  相似文献   

3.
PIRA-PCR ( p rimer- i ntroduced r estriction a nalysis PCR) was developed to detect isolates of Fusarium graminearum with moderate resistance to carbendazim, a methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC)-group fungicide. Two primer pairs were designed and synthesized according to the nucleotide sequence of the β 2-tubulin gene from F. graminearum. Fragments of 164 bp were amplified by nested PCR from isolates differing in carbendazim sensitivity. A Hin dIII restriction enzyme recognition site was introduced artificially by inner primers to detect a mutation at codon 167, and Taa I ( Tsp 4CI) restriction enzyme was used to detect a mutation at codon 200. The sensitivity of isolates to carbendazim was determined by analyzing electrophoresis patterns of the resulting PCR products after simultaneous digestion with both Hin dIII and Taa I. Results from PIRA-PCR and a conventional method (mycelial growth on agar) were identical but PIRA-PCR required only 7–8 h while the conventional method required 5–7 days. This study demonstrates that PIRA-PCR not only monitors the appearance of moderately resistant isolates, but can be useful for detecting genotypes of F. graminearum with moderate resistance to carbendazim.  相似文献   

4.
Chen Y  Wang JX  Zhou MG  Chen CJ  Yuan SK 《Phytopathology》2007,97(12):1584-1589
ABSTRACT Monoconidial isolates of 33 carbendazim-sensitive isolates and 31 carbendazim-resistant isolates of Fusarium graminearum were selected from three regions of China for vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis. A total of 213 and 224 nit mutants were recovered from the 33 sensitive and the 31 resistant isolates, respectively. Of all the nit mutants, the frequency of the different phenotypes was 44.6, 46.5, 5.7, and 3.2% for nit1, nit3, nitM, and nitA, respectively. VCG analysis identified 30 different VCGs among the 33 sensitive- and the 31 carbendazim-resistant isolates, with VCG diversity 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. Both, a carbendazim-sensitive and a -resistant isolate from the same field belonged to the same VCG. In all then, a total of 59 VCGs were identified among the 64 isolates with an overall VCG diversity 0.92. Direct hyphal fusion was observed in six pairs of vegetatively compatible complements, which is evidence of heterokaryon formation. It was hypothesized that carbendazim resistance could not be transferred by hyphal fusion or there is a small chance to be transferred between two compatible isolates. Three stable sexual recombinants of F. graminearum were randomly chosen from each of the three genetic crosses to study their biological properties. There were no significant differences in mycelial linear growth and pathogenicity between recombinants and their parents, but they differ in sporulation ability and capacity to produce perithecia. We concluded that sexual recombination presumably played a role in the development of carbendazim resistance under field conditions.  相似文献   

5.
主要由假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum引起的茎基腐病是小麦上的重要病害,对产量及质量都有严重影响,目前尚无登记应用在该病害防治上的化学药剂。本研究从河南省17个地市采集病害样本,分离纯化得到82株小麦茎基腐病菌菌株,包括76株假禾谷镰孢和6株禾谷镰孢。嘧菌酯抑制76株假禾谷镰孢孢子萌发的EC50值为0.02~1.54 μg/mL,平均EC50值为 (0.33 ± 0.29) μg/mL;经数据异常值检验,舍弃异常菌株LHWY-6及SQYC-6后,嘧菌酯对74株 (97.37%) 正常菌株的平均EC50值(0.30 ± 0.24) μg/mL可作为假禾谷镰孢对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线;不同地市菌株间敏感性存在差异,同一地市菌株间对嘧菌酯的敏感性差异较大,许昌、焦作、洛阳和商丘4市的菌株间敏感性差异倍数均在20.00以上,南阳、三门峡和开封3地的菌株间差异倍数均在2.00以下,其他地市菌株间差异倍数在2.70~12.00之间;假禾谷镰孢孢子萌发对嘧菌酯与其对丙硫菌唑、多菌灵、咯菌腈、氰烯菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇的敏感性相比,除吡唑醚菌酯外其余5种药剂的抑制作用均弱于嘧菌酯;嘧菌酯对6株禾谷镰孢的EC50值在0.10~0.42 μg/mL之间,平均EC50值为 (0.19 ± 0.12) μg/mL;嘧菌酯对两种镰孢菌丝生长的抑制活性均较弱,EC50都在7 μg/mL以上。离体条件下,15%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂在260 g/(100 kg种子) 剂量下防效达63.64%;温室盆栽时,在220 g/(100 kg种子) 剂量下防效为55.24%。嘧菌酯对小麦茎基腐病菌孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用,且在离体和温室条件下对病害均有很好的防治效果,可作为备选药剂推广使用。  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT Vegetative compatibility has been used to assess the population biology of many fungal plant pathogens. However, for many species, including Fusarium graminearum, this has meant making auxotrophic mutants to force heterokaryon formation. A method was developed to observe barrage zones of thick, raised mycelium at the junctions of vegetatively incompatible F. graminearum isolates. The appearance of the barrage zones was influenced by the growth medium and the light. Barrage zones on V8 agar were thicker and better defined than those on potato dextrose agar, Spezieller Nahrstoffarmer agar, and water agar. The addition of ground wheat kernels to V8 agar enhanced barrage zone formation. Incubating the cultures under constant light at 2,150 lx produced more distinct barrage zones than constant light at 3,400 lx, constant darkness, or ambient room light. Forty-three F. graminearum isolates from 34 vegetative compatibility groups, determined previously using nit auxotrophic mutants, were paired in all combinations using these optimized conditions. Isolates in different vegetative compatibility groups typically formed distinct, thick barrage zones at their junctions. Pairs of isolates in the same vegetative compatibility group had a very slight or no visible reaction, or rarely, a distinct "line gap" of sparse mycelium. Subcultures from the same isolate typically had no visible reaction at their colony junctions; however, subcultures from some isolates had thin, slight barrage zones. This method was used to identify the proportion of each of four F. graminearum isolates from infected barley spikes in the field, inoculated previously with a mixture of conidia from these four isolates. Barrage zone formation represents a rapid method to screen vegetative compatibility groups in F. graminearum and may be useful for other Fusarium species.  相似文献   

7.
Isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum from the Holland–Bradford Marsh, Ontario, Canada ( n  = 146) and other locations ( n  =23) were evaluated for mycelial compatibility in agar culture and by transmitted light microscopy. In compatible interactions, hyphae of paired colonies anastomosed without cell deterioration or death at the point of fusion. In some incompatible interactions, hyphae of paired colonies were initially similar to those of compatible interactions but were later followed by deterioration or death of the fused cells. Incompatible interactions were associated with a red–brown colour that, in mass, produced a dark line at the junction of the two colonies. In other incompatible interactions, hyphae were observed to bypass or repel each other without fusing. Compatible and incompatible reactions were used to define nine mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) among the isolates examined. Among isolates from Ontario, no incompatibility responses were observed among isolates from individual fields (e.g. no intrafield variability) but two MCGs were found among isolates from different fields (e.g. interfield variability). Among isolates from other regions, seven additional MCGs were detected that consisted of one to eight isolates. Two isolates were variable in reaction and were not assigned to any MCG. Three isolates from Switzerland were compatible with MCG-1 isolates from Ontario; and one isolate from Switzerland, two from England, two from New Zealand, and two from Australia were all intercompatible. The results establish that mycelial compatibility can be used to reflect genetic heterogeneity among isolates of S. cepivorum .  相似文献   

8.
A total of 82 fungal isolates was obtained from wheat kernel samples affected by fusarium head blight collected from 20 locations in southern Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to characterize trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes [deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and two acetylated derivatives of DON]. To identify isolates that producing DON and NIV, portions of the Tri13 gene were amplified. To identify 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) genotypes, portions of Tri3 and Tri12 were amplified. Nearly all of the isolates studied (76/82) were of the DON/15-ADON genotype. Six of the isolates were of the NIV genotype. The DON/3-ADON genotype was not observed. Portions of three genes were sequenced from representative isolates of the NIV and DON/15-ADON genotypes and compared with sequences from curated reference isolates of Fusarium in GenBank. blast queries for individual gene sequences and pairwise comparisons of percentage identity and percentage divergence based on 1676 bp of concatenated DNA sequence suggested that the isolates representing the DON/15-ADON genotype were Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto and the isolates representing the NIV genotype were Fusarium meridionale . This is the first detailed report of trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes of F. graminearum and F. meridionale in Brazil.  相似文献   

9.
A large number of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat spikes from all regions in China with a history of fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics. Isolates were analysed to investigate their genetic diversity and geographic distribution. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analyses of 437 isolates resolved both species, with 21% being F. graminearum (SCAR type 1) and 79% being F. asiaticum (SCAR type 5). AFLP profiles clearly resolved two groups, A and B, that were completely congruent with both species. However, more diversity was detected by AFLP, revealing several subgroups within each group. In many cases, even for isolates from the same district, AFLP haplotypes differed markedly. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data indicated that all isolates of SCAR type 1, AFLP group A were F. graminearum , whilst isolates of SCAR type 5, AFLP group B were F. asiaticum , demonstrating that it is an efficient method for differentiating these two species. Both species seem to have different geographic distributions within China. Fusarium graminearum was mainly obtained from wheat growing in the cooler regions where the annual average temperature was 15°C or lower. In contrast, the vast majority of F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat growing in the warmer regions where the annual average temperature is above 15°C and where FHB epidemics occur most frequently. This is the first report of the distribution of, and genetic diversity within, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum on wheat spikes throughout China.  相似文献   

10.
由禾谷镰孢菌引起的赤霉病是小麦上的重要病害，可严重影响小麦的产量并降低小麦的品质。苯醚甲环唑属于三唑类杀菌剂，是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂，具有较高的抑菌活性。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了于2016—2017采集自河南省的107株禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑对禾谷镰孢菌菌丝的生长具有较强的抑制效果，其有效抑制中浓度(EC50)值范围为0.0128~0.6079 mg/L，符合正态分布，平均EC50值为(0.2239 ± 0.1192) mg/L。因此，这些敏感性数据可以作为河南省禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性基线。通过对苯醚甲环唑与其他7种杀菌剂氟环唑、多菌灵、氰烯菌酯、氟唑菌酰羟胺、戊唑醇、丙硫菌唑及叶菌唑对20株禾谷镰孢菌的log10 EC50值之间的Spearman’s rho (ρ) 相关性分析发现:苯醚甲环唑与叶菌唑之间具有较低水平的相关性，与其他供试杀菌剂之间无相关性。本研究可为监测河南省禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的抗药性发展和防控小麦赤霉病合理用药提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及毒素化学型分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
 为从分子水平上明确小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及其B 型毒素化学型的分布特点,本研究对2008 年度采自四川、重庆、湖北、安徽、江苏、河南6 省33 县市的赤霉病穗上分离获得的433 个镰刀菌单孢菌株,用鉴定种和鉴定B 型毒素化学型的特异性引物进行了鉴定分析。致病种检测结果表明,四川病穗检测到Fusarium asiaticum、F. graminearum、F.avenaceum 和F. meridionale 4 个镰刀菌种,重庆、湖北、安徽和江苏病穗检测到F. asiaticum 和F. graminearum 2 个种,河南病穗仅检测到F. graminearum 1 个种。毒素化学型检测结果表明,Nivalenol(NIV)是四川和重庆镰刀菌主要毒素化学型,Deoxynivalenol(DON)是湖北、河南、安徽和江苏镰刀菌主要毒素化学型;将DON 化学型进一步划分为3-AcDON 和15-AcDON 显示,四川、湖北、江苏镰刀菌毒素以3-AcDON 为主,安徽镰刀菌毒素为3-AcDON 和15-AcDON 两者参半,河南镰刀菌全部产生15-AcDON。结果揭示,F. asiaticum 是四川、重庆、湖北和江苏等赤霉病流行麦区的优势致病种;镰刀菌产生的DON 和NIV 毒素化学型存在明显的地域分布,长江上游的麦区以NIV 为优势化学型,长江中下游麦区以DON 为优势化学型;镰刀菌致病种与DON 毒素的化学型间存在一定关系。  相似文献   

12.
Seventy-nine single-spore isolates of Fusarium udum, the causal agent of wilt disease of pigeonpea, from Kenya, India and Malawi were characterized according to their cultural characteristics, pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). The isolates exhibited high variation in pathogenicity on a wilt-susceptible pigeonpea variety, and in mycelial growth and sporulation on potato dextrose agar medium. The 79 isolates were categorized into two virulence groups, two groups of radial mycelial growth and four groups of sporulation. Radial mycelial growth showed a moderate negative correlation (r = –0.40; P = 0.01) with sporulation. However, mycelial growth and sporulation had no correlation with virulence. Pairings between complementary nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants of F. udum generated on chlorate containing minimal medium revealed that all the isolates belonged to a single VCG (VCG 1) with two subgroups, VCG 1 I and VCG 1 II. Vegetative compatibility was independent of cultural characteristics and pathogenicity. This is the first report of vegetative compatibility in F. udum.  相似文献   

13.
The genetic diversity and pathogenicity of isolates of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolated from wheat heads in China were examined and compared with those of isolates of F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale from Europe, USA and Nepal. Genetic diversity was assessed by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis and by molecular chemotyping. SSCP analysis of the Fg16F/Fg16R PCR amplicon differentiated F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale and revealed three haplotypes among sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) type 1 F. graminearum isolates. AFLP analysis showed a high level of genetic diversity and clustered the majority of Chinese isolates in one group along with other isolates of Asian origin. The second cluster contained F. graminearum isolates from China, Europe and the USA. Of the Chinese isolates, 79% were F. asiaticum and 81% of these were of the 3-AcDON chemotype, with only 9·5% of either chemotype 15-AcDON or NIV. All the Chinese and USA isolates of F. graminearum were 15-AcDON, whereas among the isolates from Europe, 21% were NIV and 8% were 3-AcDON chemotype. No evidence was found for possible differences in aggressiveness between F. graminearum and F. asiaticum . Highly aggressive isolates were present in each region and no evidence was found for any association between aggressiveness and geographical origin or chemotype among the isolates examined. No difference was observed in pathogenicity towards wheat seedlings between Chinese isolates and those from Europe, the USA or Nepal.  相似文献   

14.
Variation of Diplodia seriata, a fungal species associated with botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine, was investigated with respect to its genetic, phenotypic and pathogenic characteristics. The inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 83 isolates of D. seriata. Five ISSR primers were able to provide reproducible and polymorphic DNA fingerprint patterns, thus showing a relevant genetic variability in the species. Analyses of ISSR data by different clustering methods grouped the isolates into two distinct clusters through the Bayesian and DAPC analyses. No relationships between either geographic or host origin of isolates and genetic clusters were observed. Several representative isolates from each genetic cluster were chosen for studying their conidial dimensions, in vitro mycelial growth, vegetative and mating compatibility, and pathogenicity on detached grapevine canes and potted vines. No significant differences in conidial dimensions were detected among the groups. Vegetative compatibility reactions were observed among isolates but this was not related with the genetic clustering. Production of sexual fruiting bodies in vegetative compatible crossings was not observed under the experimental conditions used in the study. All 14 isolates tested for pathogenicity were confirmed to be pathogenic according to the length of the necrotic lesions that they caused and their reisolation frequencies from the infected plant tissues. Differences in the length of necrosis were detected among isolates, thus revealing the existence of different virulence levels in the species.  相似文献   

15.
A sample of 140 Fusarium graminearum isolates from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, representing three populations at least 150 km from one another, were examined for trichothecene genotype based on PCR amplification of portions of the Tri3 and Tri12 genes and a species‐specific (Fg16F/R) primer pair. Genetic diversity was assessed in a sample of 103 F. graminearum lineage 7 (F. graminearum sensu stricto) isolates using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The 15‐ADON genotype was dominant, followed by the NIV genotype (2–18% prevalence), across all three populations. All NIV‐type isolates were in lineage 2 (F. meridionale) and all 15‐ADON‐type isolates were in lineage 7. Isolates with the same haplotype were rare and genotypic diversity was uniformly high (≥98% of the count), suggesting that recombination has played a significant role. The number of migrants (Nm) was estimated between 5 and 6 across all loci and all populations, but the high frequency of private alleles (up to 30%) suggests a historical, rather than contemporary, gene flow. Regarding linkage disequilibrium, 0·8, 1·5 and 2·2% of the locus pairs from the three populations were in disequilibrium, which is lower than values reported in other locations. Thus, Brazilian populations differ from those found in Europe, North America and most of Asia in the presence of a significant frequency (7·8%) of isolates of the NIV genotype in lineage 2.  相似文献   

16.
由假禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium pseudograminearum引起的小麦茎基腐病已成为重要的土传病害,并且影响小麦的品质和产量。为了明确中国河南省假禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了咯菌腈对2019年从河南省6个地市分离的105株假禾谷镰刀菌F. pseudograminearum 的敏感性,通过最小显著差异法(LSD)和SPSS聚类方法对测定结果进行了分析,并测定了假禾谷镰刀菌对多菌灵和戊唑醇的敏感性,分析了咯菌腈与这两种杀菌剂毒力的相关性。结果表明:咯菌腈对供试菌株的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为0.2400 μg/mL。敏感性频率分布图显示,EC50值范围在0.0027~0.0470 μg/mL,敏感性差异达17.41倍;敏感性频率分布为连续单峰曲线,平均EC50值为(0.0263 ± 0.0101) μg/mL,可作为假禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈的敏感性基线。方差分析结果显示,不同县市的小麦假禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈的敏感性差异较大,EC50值变化范围为0.0150~0.0335 μg/mL,其中咯菌腈对郑州中牟的敏感性最低和最高菌株的EC50值相差16.78倍。聚类分析结果显示,河南省小麦茎基腐病菌菌株对咯菌腈敏感性差异与菌株的地理来源无明显关联性。多菌灵和戊唑醇对病菌的平均EC50值分别为 (0.7881 ± 0.3153) μg/mL和(0.0886 ± 0.1453) μg/mL。病菌对咯菌腈与其对多菌灵和戊唑醇的敏感性之间无明显相关性。温室防效结果显示,用咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂对小麦进行拌种处理,2020年 (咯菌腈有效成分为75.0 μg/g)对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果可达58.00%,2021年 (咯菌腈有效成分为50.0 μg/g)的防治效果可达到63.69%。本研究结果可为咯菌腈在小麦茎基腐病防治中的合理使用提供依据,为病原菌对药剂的敏感性监测提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了2012–2014年采自我国江苏、安徽、山东和河南4个省份的100株小麦赤霉病菌对叶菌唑的敏感性,并通过室内药剂驯化获得叶菌唑抗性突变体,研究了抗性突变体的适合度及CYP51基因序列和表达量.结果表明:叶菌唑对供试菌株的EC50值范围为0.04～0.51μg/mL,平均EC50值为(0.18±...  相似文献   

18.
氰烯菌酯对禾谷镰孢菌的生物活性及其内吸输导性研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  
氰烯菌酯(2-氰基-3-氨基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯,JS399-19) 是一种对禾谷镰孢菌具有专化活性的新型杀菌剂。研究表明,该药在离体条件下对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum抗多菌灵菌株及野生敏感菌株的菌丝生长均有很高的抑制活性,平均EC50值分别为0.117±0.036和0.107±0.020 μg/mL 。氰烯菌酯不能抑制禾谷镰孢菌的分生孢子萌发,但能引起抗多菌灵菌株及敏感菌株的分生孢子萌发后的芽管畸形。活体条件下,氰烯菌酯灌根处理对小麦赤霉病有一定防效,在叶片间的输导性较差,不能被小麦穗颈吸收;该药在同一张叶片上仅表现为向上输导,对处理部位的下部几乎没有防效。用400 μg/mL氰烯菌酯和400 μg/mL多菌灵穗部喷雾处理前1 、2 、3 d接种禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子,氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病的防效分别为95%、75%和62%;处理后1 、2 、3 d 接种,防效分别为88%、78%和73%,而对照药剂多菌灵的防效较差。说明氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病有优异的保护和治疗作用,在禾谷镰孢菌对多菌灵已产生抗性的地区,氰烯菌酯可以作为一种很好的替代药剂用于防治小麦赤霉病。  相似文献   

19.
氰烯菌酯(2-氰基-3-氨基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯,JS399-19) 是一种对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum具有专化活性的新型杀菌剂。离体条件下,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了该药剂对禾谷镰孢菌抗性菌株和敏感菌株的生长抑制活性;同时采用孢子萌发法测定了其对禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,氰烯菌酯能够强烈地抑制禾谷镰孢菌敏感菌株菌丝的生长,EC50值分布在0.092~0.141 μg/mL之间;并可降低敏感菌株分生孢子的萌发速率,以及影响其萌发的方式,使芽管从分生孢子基部和中间细胞萌发的比率增加;同时氰烯菌酯使敏感菌株分生孢子膨大、畸形,并使其芽管肿胀、扭曲,明显抑制其芽管的伸长生长;但对抗性菌株的抑制作用和致畸作用不明显。  相似文献   

20.
Twenty-one strains of Botrytis cinerea isolated from six plant species on ten sites throughout Israel, as well as a strain from France, were tested for vegetative and mycelial incompatibility, pathogenicity, resistance to the fungicides carbendazim and iprodione, and colony morphology. Selenate-resistant mutants were isolated from the strains as spontaneous, fast-growing sectors arising from restricted colonies on medium amended with sodium selenate with a mean frequency of 0.04 sectors/colony; 81% of the sectors were sulphate non-utilizing (sul) mutants. One hundred and four sul mutants were divided into two complementary groups: resistant (66 mutants) and sensitive to chromate. Based on compatibility reactions between chromate-resistant and chromate-sensitive sul mutants, 12 strains were compatible only with themselves and were each classified as belonging to different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Nine strains were each compatible with one to three other strains, and were assembled into three multi-member VCGs. Mycelial incompatibility between wild-type strains (barrage), in the form of a zone of dark pigmentation or sparse mycelium with or without dark pigmentation of the agar along the line of confrontation, was observed for 70% of the inter-strain pairings. There was no correspondence in compatibility between strains revealed by two approaches: strains in different VCGs did not necessarily produce a barrage. However, self-compatibility was observed both as heterokaryon formation between complementary sul mutants and as an absence of barrages between mycelia of wild-type strains; wild-type strains belonging to the same VCG did not exhibit strong barrages, although weak antagonistic reactions were observed. Strains in two multi-member VCGs showed the same patterns of resistance to carbendazim and iprodione; the third multi-member VCG contained isolates with different patterns of resistance. Four morphological types were revealed among wild-type strains: conidial (five strains), sclerotial (six strains), intermediate (ten strains), and mycelial (one strain). On bean leaves, conidial strains were more aggressive than sclerotial strains.  相似文献   

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