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为了筛选防除甜菜田杂草理想的除草剂,进行了3种除草剂(各设3种剂量)的甜菜田杂草防除试验,结果筛选出了适于本地区甜菜田使用的除草剂72%都尔用量为133～160mL/667m2,96%金都尔用量为100～120mL/667m2,33%施田补用量为334mL/667m2。 相似文献
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一九八一年七月二日在黑龙江省呼兰县召开了为期三天的甜菜除草剂应用效果鉴评会。参加会议的有内蒙古农科院甜菜研究所、新疆石河子甜菜试验站、吉林省甜菜糖业研究所、辽宁省昌图甜菜试验站、黑龙江省九三农场局科研所、宝泉岭农场、轻工业部甜菜糖业研究所和中国农科院甜菜研究所。西德巴斯夫化工公司除草剂专家埃特尔先生 相似文献
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《中国糖料》2017,(4)
为了筛选出防除甜菜田间杂草理想的除草剂配方,进行了8种除草剂配方的甜菜田间杂草防除试验,结果表明,不同除草剂配方对甜菜田间杂草都有一定的防效,施用安全,且与产量和产糖量呈正相关,建议使用除草剂配方(5)(杂草2~4叶施用220m L/667m~2 16%甜安宁,杂草4~6叶施用260m L/667m~216%甜安宁+60m L/667m~2 20%乙呋黄,甜菜6~8叶施用280m L/667m~2 16%甜安宁+120m L/667m~220%乙呋黄)和除草剂配方(6)(杂草2~4叶施用260m L/667m~2 16%甜安宁,杂草4~6叶360m L/667m~216%甜安宁,甜菜6~8叶施用480m L/667m~2 16%甜安宁)对甜菜田进行除草。 相似文献
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东北部分春玉米地乙莠合剂防效下降的原因和对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国的东北春玉米区,长时间使用乙草胺和莠去津,导致部分地区防效下降。在吉林省农安县通过定点试验、大面积试验和大范围调查发现,乙莠合剂防效下降的主要原因是因为杂草群落结构的变化引起的,同时降水的减少和药剂使用方法不当也起了一定的作用,未发现产生明显抗性的迹象。在未来,乙莠合剂仍是该地区玉米地除草剂的主要药剂,对于杂草群落尚未发生变化的地块仍然有很好的防效,而在杂草群落发生变化的地区,应适当更换除草剂或适当增加轮作;针对当地特点,适当推迟乙莠合剂的喷施时间,采用机械喷雾、加大用水量等措施来提高乙莠合剂的防效。 相似文献
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Rick S. Llewellyn Robert K. Lindner David J. Pannell Stephen B. Powles 《Crop Protection》2002,21(10):1067-1075
In Australian grain-growing regions, the evolution of weeds resistant to multiple herbicides threatens the sustainability of existing cropping systems. As a result, herbicide susceptibility is considered to be a potentially exhaustible resource. Based on a survey of 132 Western Australian grain growers, perceptions of various factors relating to the herbicide resource were measured. These include the rate of resistance evolution, cost of resistance, the future availability of replacement herbicides, reductions in the level of resistance in a population over time, and mobility of resistance. Growers were found to have a generally high level of awareness of herbicide resistance and consider it to have a high potential cost. However, many perceive that the stock of effective herbicides is likely to be renewed in the short term, either through new herbicide development or resistance reversion. Potential opportunities for targeted extension to improve farmer decision-making are identified. 相似文献
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Rice is the most important and staple cereal in Bhutan, currently grown over an area of 19,549 hectares with a total production of 77,038 tonnes. However, its yield is limited in certain regions due to weed competition with losses of up to 50% reported through infestation from both annual and perennial weeds. In this article, we describe the current weed management practices in rice in Bhutan and identify challenges and prospects to guide future weed control research given that weed science in Bhutan is in its infancy. Generally, the most common form of weed control is hand weeding. However, herbicide use is also increasing as farmers face labour shortages on farms and realize the benefits of herbicides, especially in reducing the time taken to weed crops. But the continued use of the single chemical butachlor is a concern given the possible development of herbicide resistance. Research priorities for weed management in rice in Bhutan include a systematic assessment of crop yield losses; prioritization of weed importance and species shifts; mechanical and cultural alternatives to hand weeding; herbicide resistance testing and management; collective community approaches to area-wide management; and weed management options to suit alternative rice production systems. The ecology and management of the perennial semi-aquatic Potamogeton distinctus needs serious attention owing to its prevalence in major rice areas and potential alone to cause significant yield losses of up to 37%. The successful experiences and challenges in neighbouring Asian countries should also help to guide future weed control research in Bhutan. 相似文献
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GMHR crops have been cultivated in the Americas for nearly 20 years. Prior to release, regulators asked the question, “will herbicide selection pressure for evolution of HR weeds increase significantly as a result of GMHR crop cultivation?” In hindsight, they could not have imagined the rapid, widespread adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and subsequent chain of events: surge in glyphosate usage at the expense of other herbicides, sharp drop in investment in herbicide discovery, unrelenting rise of GR and multiple-HR weed populations, and increasing herbicide use in GMHR cropping systems. In this brief review, we outline grower adoption of GMHR soybean, maize, cotton, and oilseed rape (canola) in the Americas, and their impact on herbicide-use practices for weed management. Cultivars with stacked-HR traits (e.g., glyphosate + glufosinate + dicamba or 2,4-D) will provide a short-term respite from HR weeds, but will perpetuate the chemical treadmill and selection of multiple-HR weeds. The only sustainable solution is for government or end-users of commodities to set herbicide-use reduction targets in our major field crops similar to European Union member states, and include financial incentives or penalties in agricultural programs to support this policy. Concomitantly, industry incentives must expand to improve grower adoption of best management practices for HR weeds. New or emerging technologies will provide additional tools for reactive HR weed management in the future, but their time of arrival is uncertain. 相似文献
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Recent Advances in Development of Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Hybrid Rice in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
XIAO Guo-ying 《水稻科学》2009,16(3):235-239
In addition to weed control in direct seeding field of hybrid rice, herbicide resistance genes were used by Chinese scientists to increase and identify the purity of hybrid seeds, and to realize the mechanization of hybrid seed production. The elite restorer lines, such as Minghui 63, R752, T461, R402, D68 and E32 were transformed directly with herbicide resistance genes, in which D68 and E32 are restorer lines of two-line system and the others are of three-line system. Because almost all of important restorer lines are indica varieties and are recalcitrant in transformation, many herbicide resistant near-isogenic restorer lines were developed by sexual hybridization of indica and japonica varieties and backcross with indica restorer lines later, such as Ce 64, Minghui 63, Teqing, Milyang 46, R402 and 9311, in which 9311 is a restorer line of two-line system. The elite photoperiod-sensitive/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, such as Pei'ai 64S, P88S, 4008S and 7001S, were transformed with herbicide resistance genes. A few herbicide resistant male sterile lines were developed through sexual hybridization and subsequently systemic selection, such as Bar1259S, Bar2172S, 05Z221A and 05Z227A. With the employment of herbicide resistant male sterile lines or herbicide resistant restorer lines, a few herbicide resistant hybrid rice combinations were developed, such as Xiang 125S/Bar 68-1 and Pei'ai 64S/Bar 9311. Based on herbicide resistance, the research was marching on to investigate the parental lines of hybrid rice with insect resistance, drought tolerance, etc. 相似文献
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An economic analysis on the use of herbicide to control weeds in garlic production in 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 dry seasons indicated a considerable reduction in the cost of weed control and labour demand with the application of herbicide. Although the hoe weeding and the herbicide gave comparable bulb yield in 2002/2003 dry season, the net return per hectare was higher with herbicide application in both seasons. Similarly, the value of labour saved through herbicides use was positive throughout and increased significantly in 2003/2004 dry season. 相似文献
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This review deals with the prospective application of genetic engineering to crop protection. The capabilities of this new genetic technology are briefly reviewed, emphasizing the limiting factors in the process of gene isolation and transfer to new organisms. The discussion is then focused on the area of these applications. Weed control is likely to be soon affected by genetic engineering. Herbicide resistance is often biochemically and genetically well characterized, therefore the engineering of herbicide-resistance determinants is eminently feasible. Two main strategies are reviewed: first, the use of specific target proteins made resistant to herbicide inhibition; second, the isolation of herbicidedetoxifying enzymes from tolerant plants or degradative microbes. Pest control is less likely to be affected by genetic engineering in the immediate future. Longer-range prospectives are, however, good. The hurdle to be overcome is the isolation and identification of genes for pest resistance. Two strategies apply: first, naturally occurring resistance genes can be isolated from plants if an assay is available to identify them; second, genes of any origin can be used if they render the plant tissue inhibitory to the pest, or if they decrease the damage inflicted on the plant. 相似文献