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微藻在转化太阳能和生产各种代谢产物方面有着无可比拟的优越性。因其独特的营养和药用价值等,微藻被广泛应用于食品、医药、饲料、甚至能源等诸多领域。生物反应器是微藻大量培养的一场革命,它使微藻高效、大规模化生产成为可能。概述了微藻生物反应器的研究历史、现状,对我国在微藻生物反应器研究方面取得的进展以及微藻生物反应器应用前景进行了综述。 相似文献
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转基因动物乳腺生物反应器研究概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
转基因动物乳腺生物反应器经历了近20年的研究,取得了巨大的进展。本文主要介绍了乳腺生物反应器的概念、原理、建立、鉴定、特点以及乳腺生物反应器特别是在生产基因工程药物上的应用,并对我国的研究状况做了一个概述。 相似文献
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文章以小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima)为研究对象,分析比较了小新月菱形藻在负压光生物反应器与开放式桶培养下,藻密度、pH、溶解氧及菌落结构的变化情况。结果表明,在负压光生物反应器培养下的藻密度可达到1.33×10~7个·mL~(–1),明显高于开放式培养的藻密度(8.36×10~6个·mL~(–1))。藻液中pH随藻密度增加而升高,两者呈显著正相关(P0.01),在负压光生物反应器及开放式培养环境中pH最高值分别为10.3和9.3。溶解氧与pH变化趋势相反,在负压光生物反应器内溶解氧随藻密度增加而降低,最后稳定在6.5 mg·L~(–1),溶解氧的下降可能与玫瑰杆菌(Roseobacter)成为优势细菌有关。利用16S rDNA基因的高通量测序技术,分析在培养过程中藻际菌群的结构变化,发现菌落的多样性显著下降(P0.05),培养前期主要以变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)为优势细菌,在负压光生物反应器内培养后期主要以蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria)与玫瑰杆菌为优势细菌,其菌落结构与开放式桶存在明显差异。 相似文献
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为进一步提高湛江等鞭金藻室外规模化培养效率,对管道式光生物反应器、聚乙烯桶和水泥池3种微藻室外规模化培养模式下湛江等鞭金藻的藻密度进行了评估比较.试验将接种藻密度控制为10.0×104 cells/mL,培养周期为16 d.结果显示:管道式光生物反应器培养模式下,生产力相对最高为0.0543 g/L/d、比生长速率为0... 相似文献
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补充CO2对光生物反应器培养新月菱形藻的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了优化光生物反应器培养微藻的条件,研究了在充空气的基础补充CO2对光生物反应器培养新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaceae closterium)生长和光合作用的影响.实验表明,补充CO2(含1 000μL/L CO2的空气)促进新月菱形藻的生长,藻细胞密度和生物量显著高于对照组(CO2含量350μL/L)(P＜0.05).补充CO2也能够提高藻细胞叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量(P＜0.05),但是对叶绿素b没有显著影响(P＞0.05).补充CO2能够显著提高指数生长期的最大光合速率(Pm)、光合作用效率(α)和光合作用饱和光强(Ik)(P＜0.05).结果表明,CO2是光生物反应器培养微藻的限制因子之一,补充CO2能够提高微藻的生物量. 相似文献
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为了解决在光生物反应器养殖微藻过程中,溶解氧和pH值2个培养工艺参数的控制问题,分别在80 L、350 L和900 L的3种规格气升式光生物反应器中培养湛江等鞭金藻(lsochrysis zhanjiangensis),高藻细胞浓度分别达到900×104,700×104,500×104cell/mL,测定其中溶氧和pH值的日变化。结果显示,在光照度4 000 lx以上时,湛江等鞭金藻光合作用强,表现为反应器中藻液溶氧较高,日最高溶氧分别可达17.91 mg/L、15.84 mg/L和12.7 mg/L。所测定的藻液日pH值均在7.00~9.16变化。 相似文献
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国家“863”计划“动物乳腺生物反应器”项目组9月24日在深圳宣布：我国“动物乳腺生物反应器”研究取得重要成果，7只含有人生长素基因的兔子在深圳培育成功，还有一批已接受转基因胚胎移植的牛和羊等待最后检测。 “动物乳腺生物反应器”研究是当前生物技术的尖端和前沿项目。该研究就是把人体相关基因整合到动物胚胎里，这样生出的转基因动物奶中就含有人类所需要的不同蛋白质。也就是把动物乳房作为生产高效蛋白质的机器，从而生产出稀有、昂贵的医用、农用蛋白等生物技术产品，具有极大的商业应用价值。 相似文献
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为了优化光生物反应器培养微藻的条件, 研究了在充空气的基础补充CO2 对光生物反应器培养新月菱形藻(N itz schiaceae clos terium )生长和光合作用的影响。实验表明, 补充CO2 (含1 000LL /L CO2 的空气)促进新月菱形藻的生长, 藻细胞密度和生物量显著高于对照组( CO2含量350LL /L) (P < 0. 05)。补充CO2 也能够提高藻细胞叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量(P < 0.05),但是对叶绿素b没有显著影响(P > 0. 05) 。补充CO2 能够显著提高指数生长期的最大光合速率( Pm )、光合作用效率( A) 和光合作用饱和光强( Ik ) (P < 0. 05)。结果表明, CO2是光生物反应器培养微藻的限制因子之一, 补充CO2 能够提高微藻的生物量。 相似文献
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在内蒙古达拉特旗地区(N 40°,E 110°)户外自然条件下利用板式反应器培养眼点拟微绿球藻并进行产量研究。通过对9、11、13、17cm光程反应器对比,确定13cm光程反应器养殖产量最高,并在存在反应器间距的情况下,得到13cm光程反应器南北摆放时单位占地面积产量要高于反应器东西摆放时单位占地面积产量,从6月到8月分别高16.3%、8.7%和3.0%。同时本研究给出可根据养殖当地的地理位置,预测反应器的摆放方向以及反应器间距等参数设置的方法,以获得养殖产量的最大值。 相似文献
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《Aquacultural Engineering》2004,30(1-2):15-30
The separation of cells from large volume cultures by centrifugation is a costly and time-consuming process that has prompted the exploration of alternative propitious separation strategies. Foam fractionation is a technique that can be used to concentrate large cell culture volumes, significantly decreasing centrifugation time requirements. A foam fractionation system is relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain. This study was aimed at empirically determining optimal levels of the major factors influencing foam fractionation of the marine diatom Chaetoceros spp. in a pilot scale, open culture, integrated photobioreactor and foam fractionation unit.The experimental system consisted of eight 220 l fiberglass photobioreactors that served as growth chambers and foam fractionating units. Bubble size, air flow rate (AFR), cell density (CD), overflow height (OH), pH and foam fractionation run time (RT) were factors investigated while harvesting the outdoor open cultures. Flocculating agents and surfactants were not added to the diatom cultures at any time. Experiments were conducted to determine how variable levels influence dry weight yield, harvesting efficiency (HE) and foam volume collected. Experimentally determined setpoints resulted in harvesting efficiencies exceeding 90% while extracting less than 12% of the total culture volume in a period of 30 min. These results indicate that foam fractionation is a practical tool for harvesting Chaetoceros spp. diatoms. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: In order to simplify the food chain in a closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system, raw Spirulina platensis cultivated in 50-L photobioreactors were fed to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as a uni-feed from the onset of exogenous feeding. The feasibility of using tilapia grown on raw Spirulina (body weight: 155.4 ± 3.9 g, standard length: 16.2 ± 0.2 cm; n = 3) was investigated for 30 weeks for sashimi (sliced raw meat). Some of the rheological properties of the flesh were measured to clarify the obtained results of sensory evaluations of texture and fatness. The elastic modulus of flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly higher than that of the control fish (body weight: 168.9 ± 5.8 g, standard length: 17.8 ± 0.5 cm; n = 3) that were fed commercial diets. In addition, the viscosity of the flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly lower than that of the control fish. There was no significant difference in the rupture strength between the two treatments. The rheological parameters in the muscle were found to coincide with the results of the sensory assessment. These results suggest that tilapia fed solely on raw Spirulina have a high flesh quality that is suitable for sashimi. The muscle lipid of the raw Spirulina -fed fish had lower levels of non-polar lipids such as triglycerides and partial glycerides, but higher levels of polar lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acid profile of the raw Spirulina -fed fish muscle, especially in the polar lipid fraction, was characterized by an abundance of Σn-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6). 相似文献
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Germán Merino Eduardo Uribe Gaspar Soria Elisabeth von Brand 《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,40(2):95-103
Northern scallop Argopecten purpuratus aquaculture relies on an efficient all year-round larval supply. Larvae are generally produced in closed aquaculture systems (CAS) using the batch techniques with periodical water changes. For instance, survival rates are greatly variable and can range from 0 to 80% making production of scallop larvae uncertain. The main goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of rearing scallop larvae in a recirculating aquacultural system (RAS), and secondarily to compare scallop larval growth rate and time length to reach the settling stage when reared with a traditional Chilean CAS technique and in a novel RAS technique in an industrial-like approach.Several batches of larvae were cultured in CAS and RAS. Larvae were fed on Isochrysis galbana cultured in 35-L tubular photobioreactors. Growth rates were significantly different (F11,2840 = 274.66; p < 0.001). All scallop larvae cultured in CAS showed lower growth rates ranging within 4.49 and 7.30 μm day?1 and protracted period of culture until settlement (at least 10 more culture days) than those reared in RAS (growth rates between 9.56 and 13.15 μm day?1). However, final survival (from D-larvae until settlement) of larvae reared in CAS showed higher values than those values recorded for larvae cultured on RAS. Higher growth rates observed in RAS could be attributed to a reduction in daily manipulation of the animals and/or more feed availability as well as higher temperatures and a steady state conditions in water quality. Even though, the reduction in time for rearing larvae until settlement in RAS was high, the comparison between systems is more significant in view of the reduction in make up seawater from 100% of system volume (CAS) to less than 10% of system volume (RAS). Therefore, RAS was independent from daily water quality variation from natural seawater by increasing water retention time, and with that improve water quality steady state conditions. Results of this research show that a more efficient use of water and heating systems than generally used in the Chilean hatchery industry is achievable. This is an important result since it could lead to significant reductions in the cost of operating a scallop hatchery, however further work is required to accurately compare the two systems (CAS and RAS). The main result from this research is that scallop larvae can be cultivated using recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) as a method to increase production. The information reported in this paper will be useful for the improvement of scallop larvae culture techniques under controlled conditions. 相似文献
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为了探究不同盐度对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼组织结构的影响,用组织学方法对不同盐度条件下(0、10、15、20、30)花鲈幼鱼的鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构进行研究。结果显示,盐度为0时,花鲈幼鱼鳃丝排列紧密,顶端膨大呈棒状,鳃小片细胞饱满,有少量泌氯细胞。花鲈幼鱼鳃丝宽度随盐度的升高而缩小,鳃小片间距则逐渐增大,差异显著(P<0.05);盐度为20时,部分鳃小片变形脱落,鳃丝上的泌氯细胞明显增多增大;盐度为30时,鳃丝宽度较大,出现断裂脱落,鳃丝上细胞排列疏松,泌氯细胞明显膨大,有溶解现象。脾脏在淡水条件下(盐度为0),淋巴细胞数目较少,血细胞较多;在低盐环境中(盐度为10、15),淋巴细胞增大,数量增多,黑色素巨噬细胞中心数量增加;在高盐度下(盐度为30),脾细胞和部分淋巴细胞出现肿大、空泡化现象,细胞排列疏松。盐度为0时,花鲈幼鱼肌纤维排列较为疏松,多角形或长椭圆形,长径和短径较大、密度较小;盐度为15时,肌纤维短径变小、密度增大,与0、10盐度组均差异显著,盐度为30时,肌纤维长径增大、密度减小;随着盐度的增加,肌纤维长径和短径均有先减小后增加的趋势,单位面积肌纤维数量则先增加后减小,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,花鲈幼鱼鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构变化特征与其所处的环境盐度有关。 相似文献
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为了研究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)饵料生物组成及季节变化,分析了2016年7月-2017年3月在长江宜昌江段及东洞庭湖不同季度采集的84尾鲢和65尾鳙的肠道内含物。结果显示:鲢、鳙在长江宜昌江段摄食的饵料生物种类分别是55种和48种,在东洞庭湖分别是55种和43种。根据相对重要性指数(IRI),鲢、鳙的主要饵料生物均为枝角类。鲢、鳙食物组成呈现季节变化,鲢在长江宜昌江段春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的主要饵料生物分别是硅藻门、枝角类、枝角类和硅藻门,在东洞庭湖分别为枝角类、蓝藻门、枝角类和桡足类;鳙在长江宜昌江段春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的主要饵料分别是枝角类、枝角类、枝角类和硅藻门,在东洞庭湖分别为枝角类、枝角类、枝角类和桡足类。 相似文献
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利用传统石蜡切片、HE染色等方法对塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizothorax biddulphi)消化系统形态学和组织学特征进行研究。结果显示,塔里木裂腹鱼消化系统由消化管和消化腺组成,消化管包括口咽腔、食道和肠(前肠、中肠、后肠和直肠)。口咽腔内具有发达的咽齿。无胃,肠与食道紧接,前肠膨大。消化道由腔面向外依次为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层,但口咽腔只有黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层,未发现有浆膜层。消化道4层中,黏膜层差异最大：口咽腔黏膜层为复层扁平上皮,其间分布有味蕾和大量黏液细胞;食道粗而短,黏膜层为复层扁平上皮,黏膜褶两侧分布大量黏液细胞,且固有膜血管丰富;肠道上皮细胞为单层柱状上皮,上皮间分布有杯状细胞,其数量由前向后逐渐增加,而黏膜褶高度逐渐降低。消化腺由肝脏和胰脏组成,肝脏的肝小叶不明显,但明显可见肝血窦及中央静脉分布,肝门管区不典型。胰脏仅在肠系膜中出现,而未在其他组织中发现,胰小叶间中央静脉明显,中央静脉中可见大量椭圆形有核的红细胞。本研究对塔里木裂腹鱼消化系统形态学和组织学特征与其食性的关系进行了探讨,旨在丰富塔里木裂腹鱼的生物学研究内容,可为其食性分析及饵料开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究北方吊笼养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道及其养殖环境菌群结构的关系,本研究基于高通量测序技术全面解析刺参肠道和养殖环境菌群结构和功能特征,并初步探讨刺参肠道及其养殖环境菌群相关性。结果显示,刺参肠道菌群丰度和多样性均显著高于养殖水体(P<0.05)。刺参肠道及养殖水体主要优势菌门均隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),二者存在13个相对丰度大于0.1%的共有核心菌属。此外,肠道菌群具有一定的独立性,其特异性菌群主要隶属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、海泥海球菌属(Halioglobus)、Lutimonas和Woeseia为代表。基于KEGG代谢通路数据库,共注释到300条三级代谢通路,其中146条存在极显著差异(P<0.001)。刺参肠道菌群差异代谢通路主要表现在代谢方面,具体表现为碳水化合物消化吸收、蛋白质消化吸收和鞘脂类代谢。研究表明,刺参肠道菌群种类与其养殖水体呈高度相似性,但相对丰度存在显著性差异。本研究结果可为北方刺参吊笼健康养殖提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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为研究发酵豆粕替代藻粉对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长及体组成的影响,以发酵豆粕分别替代基础饲料中的藻粉及鱼粉藻粉混合物(2:15),配制9组等氮实验饲料,饲喂初始体重为17.7 g左右的刺参幼参70 d.结果显示,随替代藻粉比例的升高,实验刺参的增重率及特定生长率先升后降(P＜0.05);随替代混合物比例的升高,D8、D9组增重率及特定生长率显著低于前3组(P＜0.05),但前3组之间无显著差异(P＞0.05);替代藻粉降低了体壁粗脂肪含量(P＜0.05);替代混合物降低了粗灰分含量(P＜0.05);替代藻粉降低了体壁甘氨酸、蛋氨酸及半胱氨酸含量(P＜0.05),提高了苯丙氨酸和组氨酸含量(P＜0.05);替代混合物降低了丝氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸及组氨酸含量(P＜0.05),提高了精氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸及半胱氨酸含量(尸＜0.05);替代藻粉降低了体壁Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mn及Pb含量(P＜0.05);替代混合物降低了Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Cr及Pb含量(P＜0.05),提高了Fe及Mn含量(P＜0.05).以增重率为评价指标,经SAS REG曲线拟合,发酵豆粕替代藻粉的最佳比例为29.75％;经SAS NLIN曲线拟合,替代46.46％的鱼粉藻粉混合物对刺参生长无显著影响. 相似文献