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为了探讨脉冲电场对黑曲霉生长和糖化酶活性的影响,研究采用响应面法设计脉冲电场工作参数(脉冲强度5～15 kV/cm、脉冲持续时间10～100μs和脉冲数50～99)并对黑曲霉孢子悬液进行处理和培养。结果表明:脉冲强度显著(P0.05)影响菌丝干质量和产糖化酶能力,当脉冲强度为12.975 kV/cm、脉冲宽度为54μs和脉冲数为66,黑曲霉的菌丝干质量和糖化酶活性分别为28.05 mg和18.01 U/mL,比对照(未采用脉冲处理)提高了68.27%和14.71%;酯酶同工酶分析未显示出PEF对黑曲霉有诱变作用,但PEF处理明显刺激了黑曲霉孢子萌发,使孢子萌发率增加了77.8%～231%。该研究为黑曲霉菌等霉菌生物学性能的提高及其在实际生产中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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极低频高压脉冲电场提高陈年棉种活力的参数优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究极低频脉冲电场对陈年棉种活力的影响,该文利用高压脉冲电源和弧形电极-平板组成的电场系统在极间距离为50 mm条件下,以16 k V、10 Hz为中心点,利用Design-expert软件设计正交试验,高压脉冲电场处理棉种时间为40 s。并利用响应面分析法,对发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等4个指标进行参数优化,得出最优处理电压为16.25 k V,最优频率为10.90 Hz。在此基础上,对优化条件进行了试验验证。结果表明:陈年棉种在脉冲电压16.25 k V、脉冲频率10.90 Hz处理条件下,与对照相比,发芽势提高了44.2%,发芽率提高了56.8%,发芽指数提高了64.3%,活力指数提高了81.8%,各指标都达到极显著差异(P0.01)。陈年棉种的电场生物学效应对电场电压和频率都具有选择性,在电压为16.25 k V、频率为10.90 Hz的脉冲电场作用下,陈年棉种的电场生物学效应最明显,研究结果为后续作物种子高压电场处理的参数优化提供参考。 相似文献
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对脉冲电场保藏食品的研究状况作了综述，对脉冲电场对微生物的杀灭机理以及影响脉冲电场杀菌效果的多种因素作了比较，并展示了脉冲电场保藏食品大规模工业化应用的前景。 相似文献
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极低频高压脉冲电场生物学效应仪的设计与应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为开展极低频高压脉冲电场生物学效应的研究,设计了基于植物本征电位波动的极低频高压脉冲电场生物学效应仪,该系统可以产生幅值高压在6～20kV、输出频率在0.1～15Hz范围内数字式可调的极低频、宽脉宽、上升前沿陡的高压脉冲。用100kV/m、1Hz、80ms脉宽的极低频高压脉冲电场处理萌发中的绿豆和玉米种子,发现极低频高压脉冲电场对绿豆和玉米种子的发芽和生长具有较强的促进作用,说明基于植物电位波动的极低频高压脉冲电场具有明显的生物学效应,研究结果可为极低频高压脉冲电场生物学效应的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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高压脉冲电场对果蔬生物力学性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
高压脉冲电场预处理果蔬,使其组织细胞在产生可逆击穿下,进行真空冷冻干燥加工,可大大地提高脱水速率和降低冻干能耗。但认识其作用机理和优化工艺参数,需要进一步研究高压脉冲电场对果蔬材料生物力学性质的影响。该文研究了高压脉冲电场处理胡萝卜、白萝卜和苹果对其生物力学性质的影响,通过测定其剪切强度、弹性模量、材料硬度值和压缩屈服极限,并与对照组进行比较,结果表明预处理后材料的剪切强度、弹性模量及屈服极限均比对照组降低,胡萝卜的硬度值比对照组降低,而白萝卜和苹果的硬度值则高于对照组。运用SAS软件对试验数据进行多元回归分析获得了高压脉冲电场预处理果蔬的工艺参数以及相关寻优模型,为高压脉冲电场预处理工艺的确定提供参考。 相似文献
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脉冲电场对渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗自发光子辐射的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为了揭示极低频脉冲电场(extremely low frequency pulsed electric field,ELF-PEF)对作物幼苗抗旱性的影响及其机理,采用渗透势为-0.1MPa的PEG-6000溶液对玉米幼苗形成生理干旱,研究了1Hz脉冲电场对渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和自发光子辐射的变化。结果表明,在-0.1 MPa的渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗根系和叶片鲜质量缓慢增长,玉米幼苗种胚的自发光子辐射表现出先增加后减小的趋势,幼苗根系和叶片的自发光子辐射也呈现出波动性的增长趋势;经过脉冲电场处理的玉米幼苗根系和叶片鲜质量始终高于(P0.05)未经过脉冲电场处理的对照组,玉米种胚的自发光子辐射峰值出现的时间比对照组早(P0.01),峰值辐射强度也比对照高(P0.01),玉米幼苗根系和叶片的自发光子辐射都有所增强(P0.05),在渗透胁迫初期脉冲电场处理对玉米幼苗叶片自发光子辐射的增强效应非常显著(P0.01)。研究结果为揭示极低频脉冲电场对作物幼苗抗旱性的影响机理提供参考。 相似文献
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为研究不同频率脉冲电场对陈年棉种活力的影响,该文利用高压脉冲电源和弧形电极-平板组成的电场系统在极间距离为50 mm、电压分别为16和20 kV条件下对陈年棉种在不同频率(1、5、10、20、50 Hz)下进行了电场处理,处理时间为40 s。结果发现,频率为10 Hz时,陈年棉种的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等指标与不做电场处理对照相比都有明显提高,且都达到极显著差异(P0.01),16比20 kV条件下的处理效果更好,达到显著性差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明,电场频率对棉种活力指标的影响是存在的,且对各指标的影响趋势是一致的,即在一定处理条件下(电场强度与处理时间)可以找到一个较优频率范围,对种子活力提高达到最大,且该试验研究结果能够为后续种子电场处理提供参考。 相似文献
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高压脉冲电场对大肠杆菌噬菌体灭活效果初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨高压脉冲电场(pulsed electric field,PEF)在噬菌体污染治理方面的工业应用,研究了高压脉冲电场对λ噬菌体、ΦX174噬菌体以及宿主菌E.coli MV1184的灭活效果。采用不同电场强度E,脉冲个数N和脉冲宽度г体系对λ噬菌体、ΦX174噬菌体以及λ噬菌体和E.coli MV1184混合悬液进行处理。结果表明在输出电压1~10kV,脉冲宽度1~10μs范围内,灭活效率随着脉冲数的增加而提高。PEF对噬菌体的灭活效率并不依赖于噬菌体的颗粒结构,但噬菌体颗粒结构对脉冲宽度г灭活效率有影响。在噬菌体与宿主菌E.coli MV1184的混合悬液中,λ噬菌体对PEF的灭活作用更加敏感,失活率显著高于E.coli MV1184。高压脉冲电场可以用于常温下溶液中噬菌体的灭活处理并达到消毒水平,是一种高效的噬菌体灭活方法。 相似文献
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Lysozyme was selected as a model enzyme to investigate the effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on its activity and structure. The irreversible inactivation of lysozyme in sodium phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.2) induced by PEF at 35 kV/cm followed a first-order model when the treatment time was longer than 300 micros. Unfolding of lysozyme structure was induced by PEF, accompanied by the cleavage of disulfide bonds and self-association aggregation when the applied PEF dosage was higher than a critical level. The inactivation of lysozyme by PEF was correlated to the loss of alpha-helix in secondary structure. The relative residual activity of PEF-treated lysozyme was in close agreement with the relative molar ellipticity at 208 nm. Both PEF- and heat-induced inactivations of lysozyme were correlated to the alteration of the secondary structure of lysozyme, but the effects of PEF and heat treatment on secondary structure were inconsistent. 相似文献
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A continuous pulsed electric field (PEF) system integrated with six co-field flow PEF treatment chambers was used to study the inactivation of pepsin. The inactivation of pepsin activity was a function of applied electric field strength, electrical conductivity, and pH. The inactivation of pepsin by PEF followed a first-order model. The first-order inactivation kinetic constant of pepsin was 0.012 (1/mus) in 7.5 mM HCl (pH 2.0) at 34.2 kV/cm. Aggregation of pepsin was observed during PEF treatment; however, the inactivation took place before the formation of aggregates. Circular dichroism analysis showed that inactivation of pepsin by PEF was correlated to the loss of beta-sheet structure in a pepsin molecule. The relative residual activity of PEF-treated pepsin was correlated to the relative molar ellipticity at 215 nm. Both PEF- and heat-induced inactivation of pepsin were correlated with the alteration of the secondary structure (beta-sheet dominant structure) of pepsin. 相似文献
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脉冲电场非热杀菌技术 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
食品杀菌的一项新技术—脉冲电场非热杀菌,可望作为传统热杀菌方法的一种合适的补充或取代方法,因此是项非常有前途的技术。食品能够使用脉冲电场在环境温度下或冷藏温度下用很短的时间进行杀菌,使食品的新鲜质量得到保存。虽然目前仍然存在着很多工程问题有待解决,但应用这种方法在实验室内已获得了成功,并正接近工业利用。 相似文献
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为了研究高压脉冲电场(high intensity pulsed electric fields,PEF)作用对物质物理状态变化的影响,该试验以鱼骨液为研究对象,采用质构仪分析测试的方法,研究PEF作用下鱼骨液的流变学性质。通过主成分分析法确定PEF下鱼骨液物理状态变化的综合指标公式,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken中心设计法得出PEF作用鱼骨液最佳参数:液料比9.81 m L/g、场强23.10 k V/cm、脉冲数10,综合指标达到2.3312,此时鱼骨液的物理指标分别为第一压缩功1.2 N,第二压缩功1.3 N,内聚性1.21,弹性9.25 mm,胶着性0.11 N,说明经过PEF处理,鱼骨液在第一循环和第二循环内获得指定形变所需要得能量增加,样品弹性增加,组成样品结构的内部键力降低,综合各物理状态指标的变化,说明PEF处理后的鱼骨液物理状态得到了明显改善(P=0.001210.01),因此高压脉冲电场技术可以应用于鱼骨液的加工处理。 相似文献
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脉冲电场预处理胡萝卜片微波干燥试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为考察脉冲电场预处理对胡萝卜片微波干燥特性的影响,以胡萝卜片微波干燥单位时间降水率和复水率作为试验指标,设计了4因素（脉冲频率、电场强度、微波功率密度和切片厚度）二次回归正交组合试验,得出经预处理后胡萝卜片微波干燥失水速率曲线。用SPSS软件进行回归分析,得到预处理后胡萝卜片微波干燥动力学方程和各指标回归方程,并对指标进行了综合优化。结果表明：经脉冲电场预处理后胡萝卜片微波干燥动力学方程分段适用Page模型;脉冲频率和电场强度对胡萝卜片微波干燥单位时间降水率影响显著;脉冲频率对复水率影响显著,电场强度对复水率影响不显著;最优工艺组合为脉冲频率30 Hz、电场强度2.0 kV/cm、微波功率密度1.0 W/g和切片厚度4.0 mm;在最优工艺条件下,胡萝卜片单位时间降水率和复水率均得到提高。 相似文献
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Subramanian A Ahn J Balasubramaniam VM Rodriguez-Saona L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):9311-9317
Pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP) is being widely investigated for processing low acid foods. However, its microbial safety has not been well established and the mechanism of inactivation of pathogens and spores is not well understood. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to study some of the biochemical changes in bacterial spores occurring during PATP and thermal processing (TP). Spore suspensions (approximately 10(9) CFU/mL of water) of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Bacillus sphaericus, and three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were treated by PATP (121 degrees C and 700 MPa) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s and TP (121 degrees C) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s. Treated and untreated spore suspensions were analyzed using FT-IR in the mid-infrared region (4000-800 cm(-1)). Multivariate classification models based on soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were developed using second derivative-transformed spectra. The spores could be differentiated up to the strain level due to differences in their biochemical composition, especially dipicolinic acid (DPA) and secondary structure of proteins. During PATP changes in alpha-helix and beta-sheets of secondary protein were evident in the spectral regions 1655 and 1626 cm(-1), respectively. Infrared absorption bands from DPA (1281, 1378, 1440, and 1568 cm(-1)) decreased significantly during the initial stages of PATP, indicating release of DPA. During TP changes were evident in the bands associated with secondary proteins. DPA bands showed little or no change during TP. A correlation was found between the spore's Ca-DPA content and its resistance to PATP. FT-IR spectroscopy could classify different strains of bacterial spores and determine some of the changes occurring during spore inactivation by PATP and TP. Furthermore, this technique shows great promise for rapid screening PATP-resistant bacterial spores. 相似文献
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为探究高压脉冲电场(PEF)在酒精发酵工业上的实际应用,本研究以酿酒酵母为试验材料,在设定脉宽、频率、作用时间等参数不变的条件下,以电场强度为唯一变量,分别采用电场强度为1、6 kV·cm-1的PEF对酵母进行预处理。通过检测发酵底液中酵母生长量、葡萄糖消耗量和乙醇产出量的变化,探究PEF对酿酒酵母发酵能力的影响。结果表明,经12 h发酵后,在电场强度为1 kV·cm-1的PEF刺激作用下,酿酒酵母葡萄糖消耗量提高了10.18%,乙醇产出量提高了11.05%;当电场强度为6 kV·cm-1时,葡萄糖消耗量和乙醇产出量均降低。本研究结果为提高酿酒酵母的发酵能力提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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Subramanian A Ahn J Balasubramaniam VM Rodriguez-Saona L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):10300-10306
The efficacy of microbial inactivation techniques is currently tested using time-consuming and labor-intensive plate count methods, which are the principal rate-limiting steps in developing inactivation kinetic parameters for alternative food processing technologies. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to quantify viable spores and identify some biochemical changes in samples treated by autoclaving, pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP), and thermal processing (TP). Spore suspensions ( approximately 109 CFU/mL) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TMW 2.479 Fad 82, B. amyloliquefaciens TMW 2.482 Fad 11/2, B. sphaericus NZ 14, B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 49764, and Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 were treated by PATP (121 degrees C and 700 MPa) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s and by TP (121 degrees C) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s. The concentrations of spores in treated samples were determined by plating (reference method). Models developed using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) for predicting spore levels in treated samples had correlation coefficients (r) of >0.99 and standard errors of cross-validation ranging between 100.2 and 100.5 CFU/mL. Changes in dipicolinic acid (DPA) and secondary structure of proteins were found to occur during inactivation of spores by PATP and TP. FT-IR spectroscopy could rapidly estimate viable bacterial spore levels in PATP- and TP-treated spore suspensions, providing an accurate analytical tool for monitoring the efficacy of sterilization techniques in inactivating spore-forming microorganisms. 相似文献
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应用高电压脉冲电场辅助快速提取虾壳壳聚糖 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为提高虾壳的综合利用效果,该文以虾壳为原料,将高电压脉冲电场（PEF）技术用于壳聚糖的提取研究。与常规加热法和微波法进行了对比试验,并通过单因素试验和三元二次回归旋转组合设计确定最佳制备工艺。结果表明：该技术与传统加热和微波法方法相比,具有非热、反应速度快,脱乙酰度高的特点。建立了脉冲数、场强、NaOH质量浓度对脱乙酰度影响的数学模型,确定了最佳工艺参数：脉冲数10,电场强度20.48 kV/cm,NaOH质量分数48.64%,该条件下脱乙酰度达到最大92.32%。因此,利用高电压脉冲电场技术可以快速制备虾壳中的壳聚糖。 相似文献
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高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙工艺优化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了提高鱼骨钙的提取效果,利用高压脉冲电场从淡水鱼骨中辅助提取鱼骨钙制备高钙鱼骨水解液。单因素试验和二次通用旋转组合设计试验表明,脉冲数、电场强度、柠檬酸与苹果酸比对鱼骨钙的提取率影响显著;建立鱼骨钙提取率与各影响因子间关系的回归数学模型;确定了高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙的最佳工艺参数为电场强度为25kV/cm、脉冲数为8个、柠檬酸与苹果酸的质量比为1:1g/g、酸料比为1:1g/g、水料比为12:1mL/g,此时处理4g鱼骨粉所得的鱼骨水解液中钙提取率达84.2%。与超声波辅助提取鱼骨钙对比试验表明,高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙的得率较超声波辅助提取提高了17%,且其耗时短。该研究可为高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙深入研究及其高钙鱼骨口服液的研制提供借鉴参考。 相似文献