共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hardy WR Li L Wang Z Sedy J Fawcett J Frank E Kucera J Pawson T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5835):251-256
Changes in protein-protein interactions may allow polypeptides to perform unexpected regulatory functions. Mammalian ShcA docking proteins have amino-terminal phosphotyrosine (pTyr) binding (PTB) and carboxyl-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, which recognize specific pTyr sites on activated receptors, and a central region with two phosphorylated tyrosine-X-asparagine (pYXN) motifs (where X represents any amino acid) that each bind the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) adaptor. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ShcA may signal through both pYXN-dependent and -independent pathways. We show that, in mice, cardiomyocyte-expressed ShcA directs mid-gestational heart development by a PTB-dependent mechanism that does not require the pYXN motifs. In contrast, the pYXN motifs are required with PTB and SH2 domains in the same ShcA molecule for the formation of muscle spindles, skeletal muscle sensory organs that regulate motor behavior. Thus, combinatorial differences in ShcA docking interactions may yield multiple signaling mechanisms to support diversity in tissue morphogenesis. 相似文献
2.
Schlessinger J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5701):1506-1507
Signaling pathways that are activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors have been identified and compared (detailed Connections Maps are available at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment). Both receptors stimulate a similar complement of intracellular signaling pathways. However, whereas activated EGF receptors (EGFRs) function as the main platform for recruitment of signaling proteins, signaling through the FGF receptors (FGFRs) is mediated primarily by assembly of a multidocking protein complex. Moreover, FGFR signaling is subject to additional intracellular and extracellular control mechanisms that do not affect EGFR signaling. The differential circuitry of the intracellular networks that are activated by EGFR and FGFR may affect signal specificity and physiological responses. 相似文献
3.
Binding of GAP to activated PDGF receptors 总被引：93，自引：0，他引：93
The ras proto-oncogene products appear to relay intracellular signals via the Ras guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activator protein, GAP. In dog epithelial cells expressing human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, binding of PDGF caused approximately one-tenth of the total GAP molecules to complex with the receptor. Studies with mutant PDGF receptors showed that maximum association required both receptor kinase activity and phosphorylatable tyrosine residues at both the identified sites of receptor autophosphorylation. 相似文献
4.
Inhibition of GTPase activating protein stimulation of Ras-p21 GTPase by the Krev-1 gene product 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
M Frech J John V Pizon P Chardin A Tavitian R Clark F McCormick A Wittinghofer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,249(4965):169-171
Krev-1 is known to suppress transformation by ras. However, the mechanism of the suppression is unclear. The protein product of Krev-1, Rap1A-p21, is identical to Ras-p21 proteins in the region where interaction with guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein (GAP) is believed to occur. Therefore, the ability of GAP to interact with Rap1A-p21 was tested. Rap1A-p21 was not activated by GAP but bound tightly to GAP and was an effective competitive inhibitor of GAP-mediated Ras-GTPase activity. Binding of GAP to Rap1A-p21 was strictly guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent. The ability of Rap1A-p21 to bind tightly to GAP may account for Krev-1 suppression of transformation by ras. This may occur by preventing interaction of GAP with Ras-p21 or with other cellular proteins necessary for GAP-mediated Ras GTPase activity. 相似文献
5.
Guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (GAP) interacts with the p21 ras effector binding domain 总被引：97，自引：0，他引：97
A cytoplasmic protein that greatly enhances the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of N-ras protein but does not affect the activity of oncogenic ras mutants has been recently described. This protein (GAP) is shown here to be ubiquitous in higher eukaryotes and to interact with H-ras as well as with N-ras proteins. To identify the region of ras p21 with which GAP interacts, 21 H-ras mutant proteins were purified and tested for their ability to undergo stimulation of GTPase activity by GAP. Mutations in nonessential regions of H-ras p21 as well as mutations in its carboxyl-terminal domain (residues 165-185) and purine binding region (residues 117 and 119) did not decrease the ability of the protein to respond to GAP. In addition, an antibody against the carboxyl-terminal domain did not block GAP activity, supporting the conclusion that GAP does not interact with this region. Transforming mutations at positions 12, 59, and 61 (the phosphoryl binding region) abolished GTPase stimulation by GAP. Point mutations in the putative effector region of ras p21 (amino acids 35, 36, and 38) were also insensitive to GAP. However, a point mutation at position 39, shown previously not to impair effector function, did not alter GAP-p21 interaction. These results indicate that GAP interaction may be essential for ras p21 biological activity and that it may be a ras effector protein. 相似文献
6.
Effect of phospholipase C-gamma overexpression on PDGF-induced second messengers and mitogenesis 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
B Margolis A Zilberstein C Franks S Felder S Kremer A Ullrich S G Rhee K Skorecki J Schlessinger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,248(4955):607-610
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) activity and the phosphorylation of the gamma isozyme of PLC (PLC-gamma) in vitro and in living cells. The role of PLC-gamma in the phosphoinositide signaling pathway was addressed by examining the effect of overexpression of PLC-gamma on cellular responses to PDGF. Overexpression of PLC-gamma correlated with PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and with PDGF-induced breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, neither bradykinin- nor lysophosphatidic acid-induced phosphoinositide metabolism was enhanced in the transfected cells, suggesting that the G protein-coupled phosphoinositide responses to these ligands are mediated by other PLC isozymes. The enhanced PDGF-induced generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) did not enhance intracellular calcium signaling or influence PDGF-induced DNA synthesis. Thus, enzymes other than PLC-gamma may limit PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis. Alternatively, PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis may use biochemical pathways other than phosphoinositide metabolism for signal transduction. 相似文献
7.
Ras-GAP (GTPase activating protein) is a regulatory protein that stimulates the intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of the proto-oncogene product p21ras. A domain of the neurofibromatosis gene product (NF1) that has sequence similarity to the catalytic domain of Ras-GAP and to yeast IRA gene products also has a specific stimulatory activity toward p21ras GTPase. Arachidonic acid and phosphatidic acid inactivate GAP, but no agents have been identified that stimulate GAP and thereby switch p21ras off. With the use of recombinant Ha-c-Ras and Ras-GAP, NF1, and GAP catalytic domains, it was found that prostaglandins PGF2 alpha and PGA2 stimulated Ras-GAP and that prostacyclin PGI2 inhibited Ras-GAP. The stimulatory effect of PGF2 alpha was saturable and structure-specific and competed with the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid also inhibited the catalytic activity of NF1, but prostaglandins were not stimulatory. These results suggest a mechanism for the allosteric control of Ras function through the modulation of arachidonate metabolism. 相似文献
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9.
The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins 总被引：112，自引：0，他引：112
The multifunctional nature of coated pit receptors predicts that these proteins will contain multiple domains. To establish the genetic basis for these domains (LDL) receptor. This gene is more than 45 kilobases in length and contains 18 exons, most of which correlate with functional domains previously defined at the protein level. Thirteen of the 18 exons encode protein sequences that are homologous to sequences in other proteins: five of these exons encode a sequence similar to one in the C9 component of complement; three exons encode a sequence similar to a repeat sequence in the precursor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and in three proteins of the blood clotting system (factor IX, factor X, and protein C); and five other exons encode nonrepeated sequences that are shared only with the EGF precursor. The LDL receptor appears to be a mosaic protein built up of exons shared with different proteins, and it therefore belongs to several supergene families. 相似文献
10.
A G protein gamma subunit shares homology with ras proteins 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) that transduce signals from cell surface receptors to effector molecules are made up of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma. A complementary DNA clone that encodes a 71-amino acid protein was isolated from bovine brain; this protein contains peptide sequences that were derived from the purified gamma subunit of Gi and Go. The primary sequence of this G protein gamma subunit (G gamma) has 55 percent homology to the gamma subunit of transducin (T gamma) and also has homology to functional domains of mammalian ras proteins. The probe for isolating the clone was generated with the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The extent of divergence between T gamma and G gamma, the isolation of homologous PCR-generated fragments, and the differences between the predicted amino acid sequence of G gamma and that derived from the gamma subunit of Gi and Go indicate that gamma subunits are encoded by a family of genes. 相似文献
11.
The guanosine triphosphatase Rab1 regulates the transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus through interaction with effector molecules, but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. Here, the tethering factor p115 was shown to be a Rab1 effector that binds directly to activated Rab1. Rab1 recruited p115 to coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles during budding from the endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacted with a select set of COPII vesicle-associated SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) to form a cis-SNARE complex that promotes targeting to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that Rab1-regulated assembly of functional effector-SNARE complexes defines a conserved molecular mechanism to coordinate recognition between subcellular compartments. 相似文献
12.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) dissociate into guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound alpha subunits and a complex of beta and gamma subunits after interaction with receptors. The GTP-alpha subunit complex activates appropriate effectors, such as adenylyl cyclase, retinal phosphodiesterase, phospholipase C, and ion channels. G protein beta gamma subunits have been found to have regulatory effects on certain types of adenylyl cyclase. In the presence of Gs alpha, the alpha subunit of the G protein that activates adenylyl cyclase, one form of adenylyl cyclase was inhibited by beta gamma, some forms were activated by beta gamma, and some forms were not affected by beta gamma. These interactions suggest mechanisms for communication between distinct signal-transducing pathways. 相似文献
13.
Coupling of stress in the ER to activation of JNK protein kinases by transmembrane protein kinase IRE1 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Urano F Wang X Bertolotti A Zhang Y Chung P Harding HP Ron D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5453):664-666
Malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce cellular stress and activate c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs or SAPKs). Mammalian homologs of yeast IRE1, which activate chaperone genes in response to ER stress, also activated JNK, and IRE1alpha-/- fibroblasts were impaired in JNK activation by ER stress. The cytoplasmic part of IRE1 bound TRAF2, an adaptor protein that couples plasma membrane receptors to JNK activation. Dominant-negative TRAF2 inhibited activation of JNK by IRE1. Activation of JNK by endogenous signals initiated in the ER proceeds by a pathway similar to that initiated by cell surface receptors in response to extracellular signals. 相似文献
14.
Chimeric alpha 2-,beta 2-adrenergic receptors: delineation of domains involved in effector coupling and ligand binding specificity 总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47
B K Kobilka T S Kobilka K Daniel J W Regan M G Caron R J Lefkowitz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4857):1310-1316
The alpha 2 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors, both of which are activated by epinephrine, but which can be differentiated by selective drugs, have opposite effects (inhibitory and stimulatory) on the adenylyl cyclase system. The two receptors are homologous with each other, rhodopsin, and other receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins and they contain seven hydrophobic domains, which may represent transmembrane spanning segments. The function of specific structural domains of these receptors was determined after construction and expression of a series of chimeric alpha 2-,beta 2-adrenergic receptor genes. The specificity for coupling to the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein lies within a region extending from the amino terminus of the fifth hydrophobic domain to the carboxyl terminus of the sixth. Major determinants of alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonist ligand binding specificity are contained within the seventh membrane spanning domain. Chimeric receptors should prove useful for elucidating the structural basis of receptor function. 相似文献
15.
【目的】从苹果砧木‘SH6’中分离出三个DELLA家族基因RGL1b,RGL2a,RGL2b,为探究苹果DELLA蛋白家族对植株生长发育的调控机理,对这三个基因进行了生物信息学分析。【方法】通过克隆技术从苹果砧木‘SH6’中分离得到RGL1b,RGL2a,RGL2b的编码序列,利用生物学工具分析其序列特征,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析其基因表达水平。【结果】序列分析表明,苹果砧木‘SH6’的3种RGLs序列具有较高相似性,均存在DELLA蛋白和GRAS家族的结构特征。但序列也存在部分差异,预测其编码的蛋白都具有亲水性能,RGL1b,RGL2a蛋白大部分定位在细胞质,而RGL2b主要分布在细胞核。用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测了‘SH6’及其亲本‘国光’中这3种RGLs基因的相对表达水平,结果显示,RGL1b,RGL2a,RGL2b在‘SH6’中的表达量均明显高于‘国光’中的表达。【结论】苹果砧木‘SH6’中RGL1b,RGL2a,RGL2b基因可能在果树矮化中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
16.
When bound by extracellular ligands, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface transmit critical signals to the cell interior. Although signal termination is less well understood, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of several RTKs. However, PTP1B resides on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), so how and when it accesses RTKs has been unclear. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods, we monitored interactions between the epidermal- and platelet-derived growth factor receptors and PTP1B. PTP1B-catalyzed dephosphorylation required endocytosis of the receptors and occurred at specific sites on the surface of the ER. Most of the RTKs activated at the cell surface showed interaction with PTP1B after internalization, establishing that RTK activation and inactivation are spatially and temporally partitioned within cells. 相似文献
17.
家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路相关基因克隆与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】鉴定家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路组成原件,并预测家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路主要相关基因的功能。【方法】在电子克隆的基础上,通过RT-PCR获得家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路的主要相关基因;利用在线软件对相关蛋白进行结构域分析;基于microarray数据库或qPCR分析各基因的组织表达特征。【结果】克隆了家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路主要相关基因,包括BmSTAT、BmHOP、BmSOCS2、BmSOCS5A、BmSOCS5B、BmSOCS6、BmDRK、Bmken、BmPIAS1、BmPIAS2以及BmPI3K,但没有能克隆到果蝇Upd1、Upd2和Upd3的同源体基因。序列分析显示BmHOP具CRD_FZ、Kringle、转膜区域和PKc超家族蛋白激酶催化结构域TyrKc;BmSTAT有2种亚型,均具SH2、STAT_bind、STAT_int和STAT_alpha结构域;在克隆的BmSOCS家族的3个基因中,BmSOCS2A和BmSOCS6A具典型的SH2和SOCS结构域;BmDRK由SH3和SH2两种结构域形成了SH3-SH2-SH3串联结构;BmKen存在BTB和锌指结构域,BmPIAS1和BmPIAS2具有LCR结构域,BmPI3K具有2个SH2结构域。【结论】成功克隆了家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路主要相关基因。相关蛋白的保守结构域分析显示,在家蚕JAK/STAT信号通路中,BmHOP是JAK激酶的一种,可以磷酸化BmSTAT转录因子,激活靶基因转录;BmSOCS、Bmken、BmPIAS1以及BmPIAS2对JAK/STAT通路起负反馈作用。 相似文献
18.
Direct activation of mammalian atrial muscarinic potassium channels by GTP regulatory protein Gk 总被引：41，自引：0，他引：41
The mammalian heart rate is regulated by the vagus nerve, which acts via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to cause hyperpolarization of atrial pacemaker cells. The hyperpolarization is produced by the opening of potassium channels and involves an intermediary guanosine triphosphate-binding regulatory (G) protein. Potassium channels in isolated, inside-out patches of membranes from atrial cells now are shown to be activated by a purified pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein of subunit composition alpha beta gamma, with an alpha subunit of 40,000 daltons. Thus, mammalian atrial muscarinic potassium channels are activated directly by a G protein, not indirectly through a cascade of intermediary events. The G protein regulating these channels is identified as a potent Gk; it is active at 0.2 to 1 pM. Thus, proteins other than enzymes can be under control of receptor coupling G proteins. 相似文献
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20.
Matsuzawa A Tseng PH Vallabhapurapu S Luo JL Zhang W Wang H Vignali DA Gallagher E Karin M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5889):663-668
Cytokine signaling is thought to require assembly of multicomponent signaling complexes at cytoplasmic segments of membrane-embedded receptors, in which receptor-proximal protein kinases are activated. Indeed, CD40, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member, forms a complex containing adaptor molecules TRAF2 and TRAF3, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (c-IAP1/2), IkappaB kinase regulatory subunit IKKgamma (also called NEMO), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase MEKK1 upon ligation. TRAF2, Ubc13, and IKKgamma were required for complex assembly and activation of MEKK1 and MAPK cascades. However, these kinases were not activated unless the multicomponent signaling complex translocated from CD40 to the cytosol upon c-IAP1/2-induced degradation of TRAF3. This two-stage signaling mechanism may apply to other innate immune receptors, accounting for spatial and temporal separation of MAPK and IKK signaling. 相似文献