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为探讨微量元素钒对大鼠肝脏生长发育的影响,150只大鼠随机分成5组,每组30只,雌雄各半,试验组分别饮用添加不同剂量钒的饮水(10,20,40,60 mg/kg),对照组饮饲蒸馏水,于饮饲后2,4,6,8,10周断脊处死,取肝脏测质量并制作石蜡、超薄切片,光学、电子显微镜观察,显微摄影.结果显示,试验Ⅰ组(10 mg/kg)、试验Ⅱ组(20mg/kg)、试验Ⅲ组(40 mg/kg)大鼠肝脏质量较对照组增加,其中试验Ⅱ组增加显著(P＜0.05),而试验Ⅳ组(60mg/kg)较对照组肝脏质量减轻.显微观察可见,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肝脏组织结构清晰,肝细胞大而圆;验Ⅲ组肝细胞有脱落现象且轻度水肿;验Ⅳ组肝脏质量与同一对照组相比减小,肝细胞界限不清晰且水肿、颗粒及脂肪变性严重.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组超微观察可见,肝细胞内线粒体和内质网结构正常;验Ⅳ组肝细胞内线粒体和内质网断裂、溶解、肿胀.结果表明,大鼠饮水中添加40 mg/kg以下剂量的钒对大鼠是安全的,饮饲60 mg/kg钒对大鼠肝脏有毒害作用. 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2015,(4)
为研究家兔感染豆状囊尾蚴后其实质器官的组织病理学变化,用不同数量六钩蚴人工感染家兔(分为高剂量感染组和低剂量感染组,同时设对照组,每组各6只),隔离饲养2个月,分别在感染7 d、30 d和60 d捕杀,取肝脏,经10%的中性福尔马林溶液固定,制作石蜡切片,H.E染色,光镜观察。结果表明,感染后7 d,高剂量组兔有死亡,低剂量组兔出现腹泻、消瘦,剖检可见肝脏肿大、有出血点,肠壁菲薄;镜检可见中央静脉和肝窦扩张、充血,肝细胞空泡变性,间质中可见六钩蚴。感染30 d后,高、低剂量组家兔均消瘦,肝脏仍肿大、色泽变淡、有散在出血点,表面和切面均见数量不等未成熟的囊尾蚴;镜下可见虫体移行道,其中有大量的嗜酸性粒细胞和巨噬细胞,含铁血黄素沉积,肝细胞发生严重的空泡变性;间质中观察到发育程度不同的豆状囊尾蚴,囊壁、囊腔和虫体已经形成,头节尚未发育完全。感染60 d后,各剂量组家兔肝脏肿大消失、呈恢复状态,表面有灰黄色或灰白色结节,成熟囊尾蚴从肝脏中移行出来进入腹腔,黏附在大网膜和肠系膜上;肝脏增生明显,肝细胞空泡变性和颗粒变性,但较感染中期程度轻,较感染初期严重,肝细胞分裂增殖,可见双核和三核的肝细胞;形成特异性肉芽肿,肉芽肿中心呈典型的凝固性坏死。 相似文献
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试验采用光镜和透射电镜技术,探讨了不同浓度氟化钠对草鱼肝脏组织显微和超微结构的影响。氟化钠暴露浓度分别为0、40、80、120 mg/L,每组设2个平行,连续暴露30 d,取肝脏组织制备切片,进行光镜和透射电镜观察。结果发现,30 d后氟化钠试验组草鱼肝脏组织均有不同程度的损伤,石蜡切片上可观察到试验组草鱼肝细胞索紊乱、断裂,细胞出现空泡变性且病变程度随氟化钠浓度升高而加重,透射电镜下可观察到试验组草鱼肝细胞线粒体轻度肿胀,脊模糊或缺失,线粒体数量减少,胞质中出现空泡。结果表明,氟化钠短期暴露可对草鱼肝脏组织造成损伤,且损伤程度存在剂量依赖效应。 相似文献
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研究复方中药对热应激肉鸡肝细胞的保护效果。试验选18日龄AA+肉仔鸡120只,随机分为中药散剂组、中药颗粒剂组、中药超微粉组和热应激对照组,中药超微粉组按比例在饮水中添加自制中药超微粉,中药散剂组和颗粒剂组按比例添加相应药物,对照组不添加任何药物,试验期15 d。试验结束后每组迅速随机捕杀鸡3只,取肝脏组织进行组织切片和超微结构切片制作,并在显微镜下观察。结果显示,各试验组肉鸡肝细胞都得到不同程度保护,不同剂型保护程度有一定差异,其中中药颗粒剂组和中药超微粉组效果优于中药散剂组。说明该复方中药对热应激肉鸡肝细胞有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
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为研究不同剂量的环磷酰胺对小鼠肝肾组织及功能的损害程度,试验选取40只5周龄健康雌性昆明小鼠,随机分为5组,除对照组外,其余4组小鼠连续3 d分别腹腔注射40、80、120及160 mg/（kg·BW）环磷酰胺溶液,注射后第7天采集肝脏和肾脏组织样品及血清,制备石蜡组织切片及透射电镜切片,观察肝脏和肾脏的组织学变化,检测血清中甘胆酸（CG）、胆碱酯酶（ChE）、血清前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）含量/活性。结果显示,环磷酰胺可引起小鼠肝肾组织病理损害,呈剂量依赖性,肝脏比肾脏更早出现损伤。石蜡切片及透射电镜切片观察结果显示,环磷酰胺对肝脏的毒性作用主要表现在肝索紊乱、肝血窦扩张、微胆管淤胆、门管区及中央静脉周围炎性细胞浸润及纤维增生、组织间出血、肝细胞出现脂肪变性及气球样变性,凋亡及坏死细胞增多。肾脏组织损伤主要表现在出血及纤维增生,肾小管上皮细胞胞浆空泡样变、线粒体损伤、核固缩,上皮细胞基底膜增厚。环磷酰胺对膀胱的损害不严重。与对照组相比,40~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组小鼠血清中ChE活性及PA水平,120~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组AST活性,80~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组BUN水平及80 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组UA水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;其余生化指标与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,环磷酰胺注射剂量在80~120 mg/（kg·BW）时可引起昆明小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织及细胞明显的病理损伤。该研究结果可为选择合适的环磷酰胺注射剂量用以制备动物肝脏免疫抑制模型提供试验依据。 相似文献
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旨在制作鸡的急性药物性肝损伤模型,将40只33日龄SPF级白羽鸡随机分成4组,每组10只,模型组灌胃不同浓度的恩诺沙星(200、150、100 mg/kg),对照组灌胃等体积蒸馏水,每天给药1次,连续给药5 d。最后1次灌胃后,禁食不禁水,24 h后空腹称重并颈静脉采血用于肝功能检测,取肝脏计算肝指数、剖检后肉眼观察、组织切片进行HE染色观察肝脏组织病理学变化。结果显示,模型组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和直接胆红素(DBIL)同时升高,其中DBIL升高至对照组的2倍以上;总胆红素(TBIL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)同时升高,其中TBIL升高至对照组的2倍以上,认为这2组指标可以作为恩诺沙星致鸡急性肝损伤诊断的生化参考依据;模型组肝脏病理切片均有不同程度的肝细胞病变,可视为鸡急性药物性肝损伤诊断的"金标准"。结果表明,鸡连续灌胃100 mg/kg的恩诺沙星5 d可以制作急性药物性肝损伤模型,此模型可用于保肝护肝药物筛选和药物性肝损伤机制的研究。 相似文献
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《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2014,23(3):258-265
The objective of this retrospective case series was to determine the clinical signs, diagnostic test results, treatment protocols, and outcomes of rabbits treated for liver lobe torsion during a 5-year period at a large referral institution. A total of 16 rabbits diagnosed with liver lobe torsion at Angell Animal Medical Center (Boston, MA USA) during January 2007 to March 2012 were included in the study. The diagnosis of liver lobe torsion was made at surgery, during abdominal ultrasound, or on postmortem examination. Medical records of the subject animals were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical signs, results of clinical pathology testing, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, surgical and histopathology findings, hospitalization time, and outcome. The most common clinical signs of rabbits diagnosed with liver lobe torsion in this study included anorexia, lethargy, and decreased fecal production lasting 1 day. Lop breeds, particularly mini lops, were overrepresented. Anemia was the most common hematologic abnormality, while elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were the most common serum biochemical abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonography with Doppler assessment was used in 14 rabbits and provided a diagnosis of liver lobe torsion in all cases. The caudate lobe was involved in 10 rabbits (62.5%, 95% CI: 38.8 to 86.2), followed by the right lateral lobe (n = 5; 31.25%, 95% CI: 8.6 to 53.9), the left lateral lobe (n = 2; 12.5%, 95% CI: 3.7 to 28.7), and the right medial lobe (n = 1; 6.25%, 95% CI: 5.6 to 18.1). Two rabbits had more than 1 torsed liver lobe. Exploratory laparotomy and liver lobectomy were performed in 9 rabbits, and all of them survived. Supportive care alone was provided for 7 rabbits, 3 of which survived. The results suggest that nonspecific clinical signs of anorexia, lethargy, and decreased fecal production, in conjunction with anemia and high serum hepatic enzyme activities, should increase the index of suspicion for liver lobe torsion in rabbits. Abdominal ultrasonography with Doppler assessment is useful to confirm the diagnosis. The long-term prognosis for rabbits undergoing liver lobectomy and surviving the hospitalization period is excellent. 相似文献
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Jaglic Z Jeklova E Leva L Kummer V Kucerova Z Faldyna M Maskova J Nedbalcova K Alexa P 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(1-3):168-177
The role of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F in inducing disease in rabbits was investigated in this study. Three groups of 12 Pasteurella-free rabbits each were intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.), and perorally (p.o.) challenged, respectively. Six rabbits of each group were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone. Eight rabbits (four of them immunosuppressed) inoculated i.n. showed symptoms of respiratory distress resulting in respiratory failure and died or were euthanized in the terminal stage of the disease 3-6 days post-infection (p.i.). The main pathological findings were fibrinopurulent pleuropneumonia (immunocompetent rabbits) or diffuse haemorrhagic pneumonia (immunosuppressed rabbits). Septicemic syndrome ending with shock occurred in 11 rabbits (6 of them immunosuppressed) inoculated s.c., which died or were euthanized in the terminal stage of the disease 2-3 days p.i. The most significant pathological findings were extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. All of the p.o. inoculated rabbits survived the challenge showing no clinical signs of the disease and no macroscopic lesions. The observations in this study indicate that in addition to serogroups A and D of P. multocida, serogroup F also can be highly pathogenic for rabbits and therefore might be a cause of considerable economic loss in commercial rabbit production. 相似文献
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An experiment using rabbits was carried out to determine basic data to maintain the calf strain of Strongyloides papillosus (SPL). Rabbits treated with four different numbers of doses of dexamethasone were exposed to 50,000 or about 100,000 infective larvae of SPL (Himeji strain, 1988). As a result, faecal egg output was valid in individual rabbits, regardless of dexamethasone administration. Eggs appeared in the faeces 9 or 10 days after exposure, and increased to as much as 20,000-573,000 eggs per gram (EPG). Thirteen of 18 rabbits died (72%) 12-29 days after infection. Five surviving rabbits discharged eggs in their faeces for more than 1 month; however, the EPG value of these cases on the last day was comparatively low. 相似文献
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Sieg J Hein J Jass A Sauter-Louis C Hartmann K Fischer A 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):328-332
Between 2000 and 2008, 95 rabbits with suspected encephalitozoonosis and neurological symptoms were treated at the Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich. Standard treatment consisted of oxytetracycline (from 2000 to 2003; n=50) or fenbendazole and oxytetracycline (from 2004 to 2008; n=45), and the rabbits were randomly assigned to treatment groups with or without dexamethasone. Each therapeutic regime was given for 10 days, with fluids, B vitamins and nutritional support added as needed. Therapeutic success was evaluated by assessing the survival rate on day 10, the neurological score of the surviving rabbits and Kaplan-Meier curves for long-term survival past 10 days. Inclusion of fenbendazole in the treatment protocol was associated with increased survival rates on day 10 (p=0.043), better neurological scores (p=0.008), and improved long-term survival (p=0.025) based on the results of univariate analyses. Treatment with dexamethasone showed no effect on neurological score or on short- or long-term survival. The study did not provide any evidence that dexamethasone is an effective component of the treatment scheme. 相似文献
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SUMMARY A disease with clinical signs and histological lesions similar to malignant catarrhal fever in cattle was transmitted from Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) to rabbits. This was accomplished on 3 separate occasions, and the disease was serially passaged in rabbits up to 11 times. The clinical signs in affected rabbits were pyrexia, depression, anorexia, mucopurulent conjuctivitis, nasal discharge and diarrhoea. These signs were seen in 27 of 38 inoculated rabbits with the mean incubation period being 12 days (range 8 to 20 days). Histologically, affected rabbits exhibited mononuclear perivascular cuffing and vasculitis in the brain, heart, liver and kidney. Lymph nodes and spleen showed destruction and loss of mature lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles and an increased number of large lymphoblastoid cells. These clinical signs and lesions were not detected in control rabbits. The disease was not transmitted to cattle, sheep, guinea pigs or mice, nor was an agent isolated in cattle, deer or rabbit tissue cultures, or in chicken embryos. 相似文献
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Jaglic Z Jeklova E Christensen H Leva L Register K Kummer V Kucerova Z Faldyna M Maskova J Nedbalcova K 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(3):200-208
Although Pasteurella multocida serogroup F has been described as an avian-adapted serogroup, it was recently found in rabbit nests in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the ability of 2 avian P. multocida serogroup F strains to induce disease in rabbits was investigated. Two groups of 18 Pasteurella-free rabbits were intranasally challenged with strains isolated from chickens and turkeys. Half of the animals in each challenge group were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone. All of the challenged rabbits exhibited clinical signs of peracute septicemic disease, ending with shock, and died or were euthanized in the terminal stages of the disease 1 to 2 d post-infection. Gross pathological changes included systemic vascular collapse and vascular leak syndrome. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, inflammatory cell infiltrates, focal necrosis, and degenerative changes were observed histologically in parenchymatous organs. This is the first study directly demonstrating that avian P. multocida serogroup F strains are highly virulent in rabbits and that avian hosts cannot be excluded as a possible source of rabbit infection with serogroup F. 相似文献
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The effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered in drinking water (0.2 and 0.5%) against liver and intestinal coccidioses in experimentally infected rabbits was studied. Zootechnical and clinical parameters were used to assess the efficacy of the compound. In both coccidioses the lower dose did not show any important effect. The higher dosage (0.5%) however, reduced the lesions induced by coccidia to an important extent. The animals infected and treated with 0.5% DFMO showed similar weight gain, food intake and relative liver weight figures to the non-infected controls. Serum transaminase levels in the rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai and treated with 0.5% DFMO were close to those of the non-infected animals. Infected rabbits treated with this dosage also showed reductions (over 80%) in faecal oocyst output. 相似文献
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Ferreira PG Costa-E-Silva A Oliveira MJ Monteiro E Aguas AP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,103(3-4):217-221
Calicivirus infection is lethal for adult rabbits, whereas young rabbits (less than 8-weeks-old) are resistant to the same infectious agent. The virus replicates in the liver and causes a fulminant hepatitis in adult rabbits leading to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD); this is in contrast with the mild and transient hepatitis observed in infected young rabbits. We have used electron microscopy to compare liver leukocyte infiltrates between young (resistant) and adult (susceptible) rabbits, 36-48 h after inoculation of the animals with caliciviruses. In adult rabbits, liver infiltrates were made up mostly of heterophils, and they were located near hepatocytes showing severe cellular damage. In contrast, liver leukocyte infiltrates of RHD-resistant young rabbits were dominated by lymphocytes that depicted membrane contacts with the cell surface of undamaged hepatocytes. We conclude that: (i) the cellular inflammatory response of the liver to calicivirus infection is different in rabbits that are susceptible (adult) or resistant (young) to RHD; (ii) leukocyte infiltration of the adult liver by heterophils is probably directed at the removal of dead hepatocytes, whereas the liver lymphocytic infiltration of young rabbits suggests the expression of viral antigens on the surface of liver cells of the RHD-resistant animals. 相似文献
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Experimental infection of eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus caused acute keratoconjunctivitis and a fatal systemic infection. The clinical syndrome was characterized initially by blepharospasm and ocular discharge. The rabbits were markedly depressed on post-exposure day (PED) 5 and were dead or moribund on PED 6. The virus was readily recovered from liver and adrenal gland tissue on PED 6 and from conjunctival swabs on PED 1 to 6. Histopathologic studies revealed a few necrotic foci in the liver and multiple focal to diffuse necrosis of the adrenal glands. Viral isolation and immunofluorescence tests were used to demonstrate a direct association between infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral antigens and the lesions. 相似文献