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1.
The relationship between commuting distances and where people work has been studied for urban contexts in both developed countries and developing countries. However, few studies have examined the situation in rural areas, and none look at commuting distances to non‐farm workplaces in rural areas of developing countries. This paper investigates how commuting distance, and thus accessibility, to local non‐farm work influences non‐farm employment and out‐migration from rural villages in Northeast Thailand. The main issues examined are: (i) the distance that rural residents travel to work in local non‐farm jobs; and (ii) the influence that local non‐farm employment has on the number of outmigrants from rural villages. The study finds: (i) distance between villages and non‐farm work sites impact the number of villagers who are employed in regular wage work; (ii) beyond 20 km villagers are less likely to travel to non‐farm employment using their own means of transportation; and (iii) employment in regular wage work decreases outmigration. The findings from this study contribute to the debates over the drivers of rural out‐migration, rural livelihood changes, and agrarian changes that are taking place in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
2.
基于Logic 回归模型的农民宅基地退出意愿测算 ——以玉泉镇4 个村庄为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用问卷调查法与Logic回归分析法,以玉泉镇4个村庄为例,分析影响农民宅基地退出意愿因素,目的在于了解农民的态度和想法,从而有针对性开展相关工作以激发农民退出意愿,保障农村宅基地稳定退出。Logic回归分析的结果表明,农民宅基地退出意愿与农民拥有职业技能、家庭中外出打工人数、家庭年收入、家庭中宅基地数量有显著正向关系,与农民年龄、农业收入比重、（每户）宅基地总面积有显著负向关系。根据Logic回归分析得出的结论,提出几点政策建议激发农民退出意愿：提高退出补偿标准、开展农民职业技能培训、增加农民收入等。 相似文献
3.
农户对可再生能源沼气选择的影响因素分析——-以江苏省农村家庭户用沼气为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过抽样调查法及访谈法对江苏省农村户用沼气消费情况进行了实地调查。数据显示,使用沼气的家庭人均能源消费量低于未使用沼气的家庭,因为沼气对生物质能源有一定的替代作用,减少了秸秆、薪柴的大量粗放使用;同时也有助于能源结构的调整,提高新能源和商品能在家庭用能中所占的比重。对农户是否选择沼气的影响因素分析显示,政府提供资金和技术支持对促进农户选择使用沼气的推动作用最大,人均生猪饲养量、家庭留守人口中最高受教育年限与农户选择行为正相关,人均纯收入、家庭外出打工人口比例、农户位于粮食主产区、农户使用液化气与农户的选择行为负相关。 相似文献
4.
新农村建设中失地农民社会保障问题探要——昆山市失地农民社会保障问题调研及思考 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着中国城市化进程的加快,越来越多的土地被征用,大片农民成为失地农民,失地农民的生活急需保障。为了加强失地农民社会保障工作,进一步消除城乡二元发展的弊端,城乡一体化社会保障制度被提出并实践。通过对昆山这一社会保障领跑城市的调查和分析,总结了昆山社会保障的现状,归纳出该市城乡一体化进程中存在着户籍制度造成的城乡差距依然存在以及农民自我保障的能力相对不足两点问题,并基于这些不足,结合昆山市的实际情况,提出相应推进昆山市失地农民社会保障制度建设的几点意见,即加大财政投入力度、增加农村社保资金、建立地方性法规、建立最低生活保障、出台就业扶持政策、增强就业能力。 相似文献
5.
通过多元回归分析农村分布式可再生能源选择的行为研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解决能源危机问题和中国农村低碳经济发展中遇到的问题,以农村户用沼气为典型的分布式可再生能源进行研究,对河北省高家庄的农村能源情况进行调研,以面谈的方式调查农户213户,总结有效问卷为152份,并在此基础上对农户基本情况及可再生能源(“三沼”)使用情况进行统计分析,利用多种回归分析方法来研究农村分布式可再生能源选择行为,分别分析了农民收入、文化程度、能源支出与沼气采用之间的关系,继而运用Logistic多元统计分析得出了农民收入和文化程度对农户可再生能源选择行为有显著性影响的结论,并对该地区未来沼气的采用情况进行了预测分析,以期为各种农村分布式可再生能源的推广提供一定的参考。 相似文献
6.
While the possible negative effect of employer‐sponsored health insurance on labor mobility (job lock) has spawned substantial research, little research has considered differences in job lock between rural and urban areas. Job lock might differ in rural areas because of specific features of rural economies, in particular, the thinness of rural labor markets. This paper estimates measures of job lock for rural and urban areas. Parameter estimates suggest that it is larger in rural areas. The results also indicate that nonwage benefits such as retirement plans, paid vacation, and sick pay are more important factors in married rural workers decisions to change jobs while wages are a more important factor in the transition decisions of single urban workers. 相似文献
7.
农民工问题是我国工业化进程中备受关注的问题,研究农民工家庭消费问题,对扩大内需及推进城镇化健康发展具有重要意义。文章基于全国988个农民工家庭调查样本,从收入、家庭特征和其他不确定因素三个方面探析农民工家庭务工地消费的影响因素。研究结果表明,收入因素对农民工家庭务工地总消费支出、居住支出、娱乐支出具有显著影响;家庭特征因素如文化水平、孩子随迁、工作行业因素对农民工家庭的各项消费具有不同程度的影响;租房因素显著影响着农民工家庭的总消费支出和居住支出;健康因素对农民工家庭的医疗支出具有显著的负影响。因此,要提高农民工家庭的消费水平,扩大农民工家庭的消费潜力,一方面要提高农民工家庭的收入水平;另一方面还要提高农民工的文化水平,完善社会保障系统,减少不确定性因素对农民工家庭消费的影响。 相似文献
8.
Seungil Yum 《Growth and change》2020,51(3):1017-1044
This study highlights the association between minority racial/ethnic groups and travel mode choices according to a multitude of neighborhood characteristics, travel modes, and purposes in the Delaware Valley region. This study finds that minority racial/ethnic groups show different travel mode choices than whites. For instance, Blacks and Hispanics are less inclined to walk/bike, whereas whites prefer to use household carpool in high density areas when they go home. This study also highlights that minority racial/ethnic groups choose different travel modes according to travel purposes. For instance, blacks in ethnic neighborhoods are less inclined to use household carpool, whereas Asians are more apt to use it for the purpose of home. The results show that urban planners should design transportation policies for minority groups based on race/ethnicity, neighborhood characteristics, and travel purposes. 相似文献
9.
John Connell 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2003,44(3):243-257
Abstract: National development problems in the weak states of Papua New Guinea and Fiji have resulted in external intervention. However neo‐liberal development strategies have not resolved development problems and may have further weakened state structures. In both capital cities rural‐urban migration, rising urban unemployment, and the expansion of squatter settlements and the informal sector have all continued in recent years. The numbers of beggars, street kids and prostitutes have increased, as has domestic violence and crime. Governments have opposed all these trends, by regulation and intolerance, violence, routine repression and eviction, rather than by pro‐poor policies. Settlers, prostitutes, beggars, street kids and market vendors have been evicted and moved on, on the ideological premise that that their true place is in rural areas, and that their urban presence challenges and threatens notions of urban order. Moral regulation, social exclusion and moral panic have divided ‘good citizens’ from marginal and possibly criminal others, intensifying social divisions within the cities. Sustainable urban development has proved difficult to achieve. 相似文献
10.
为了探讨农村户用沼气池的经济、社会和生态效益及其计算方法。通过对甘肃省平凉市崆峒区西阳乡农村沼气池建设及使用状况进行调查,采用影子价格法、替代成本法、机会成本法对沼气池的经济、社会、生态环境价值进行计量。结果表明:沼气可产生733.62元/(户·年)的经济价值,同时沼气的使用降低了妇女使用传统生物质能的时间机会成本,为农户创造了273.20元/(户·年)的社会效益;此外,有沼气的农户人均能源消费量低于无沼气农户,沼气替代秸秆、薪柴的直接燃烧,产生130.20元/(户·年)的生态环境效益。研究结论表明,农户对沼气的利用较为单一,基本限于做饭和烧水。沼气后期推广应采用沼气综合利用模式,将沼气、沼液、沼渣有效结合,以最大限度发挥沼气的综合效益。 相似文献
11.
Recent social research that links people's position in society to their ability to access employment has shown the centrality of spatial mobility in the (re)production of patterns of inequality. This is particularly evident in regions where economic activity is unevenly distributed and concentrated in an urban centre and where daily travel patterns reflect a spatial segregation between places of work and residential areas. This paper presents a spatial analysis of accessibility to employment for Galway City and its environs, a predominantly rural region in the West of Ireland dominated by its urban centre. Travel‐to‐work data from the 2006 Census of Population of Ireland were used to present a comparison of district‐specific accessibility levels across three socio‐economic groups. Network analysis and Geographic Information System visualisation tools are used to map existing socio‐spatial topographies of (in)accessibility. This is done to test two contrasting sets of theoretical proposals in the social science literature regarding the relationship between spatial mobility and social status. Advocates of the first position conceptualise spatial mobility as a form of capital that helps to maintain many existing social hierarchies. This contrasts with the views of those who anticipate the dissolution of established social boundaries (“fluidification”) as a result of increased spatial mobility of people, goods, and ideas. It is argued that these contrasting positions are highly relevant to current transport policy debates, including discussions around the impacts of recession‐related cuts in transport infrastructure investment on patterns of accessibility. In addition, they encourage reflection on the impacts of sustainable transport initiatives on different social groups that are more or less mobility disadvantaged, a fact that has hitherto received little attention in policy research and practice. 相似文献
12.
In Papua New Guinea (PNG), women's health is addressed by applying biomedical solutions which often ignore the complexity of women's histories, cultural contexts and lived experiences. The objective of this study was to examine adult and older women's perceptions of health and well-being to identify priority areas for public service interventions. Rapid ethnographic assessment was conducted in the Wosera district, a rural area of PNG from mid-2005 to early 2006, to examine the health concerns of women. Twenty-seven adult women and 10 older women participated in the study. Health was not limited to one aspect of a woman's life, such as their biology or maternal roles; it was also connected with the social, cultural and spiritual dimensions of women's daily existence. Participants also identified access to money and supportive interpersonal relationships as significant for good health. A disconnect was found to exist between women's understandings of good health and socio-political health policies in PNG, something likely to be repeated in health service delivery to different cultural groups across the Asia Pacific region. Health and development practitioners in PNG must become responsive to the complexity of women's social relationships and to issues relating to the context of women's empowerment in their programmes. 相似文献
13.
为了得出重庆市璧山县合理的农村居民点整治潜力,对新一轮土地整治规划编制提供参考。采用人均建设用地标准法测算出其农村居民点整治现状和未来理论潜力,再结合璧山县现实情景,从自然环境、社会条件、经济发展状况3个方面选取10个指标因子,构建农村居民点整治潜力测算的指标体系,运用层次分析法和综合评价法对农村居民点整治未来理论潜力进行修正,最终得到璧山县农村居民点整治现实潜力。结果表明,研究期间璧山县农村居民点整治潜力大,农村居民点现状整治理论潜力为503.56 hm2,未来整治理论潜力为1254.02 hm2,现实潜力为565.31 hm2;受自然经济等条件的限制,农村居民点整治现实潜力下降;13个街镇整治潜力差别较大,璧山县农村居民点整治潜力主要分布在自然条件较好、经济发展水平高、农民对农村居民点整治工作可接受程度较高的区域;应因地制宜,密切结合区域自然、经济、社会等因素科学有序推动农村居民点整治。 相似文献
14.
农村女性旅游行为探析——基于对江西省80个村庄调查数据的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用调查法对江西省80个村庄农村女性旅游情况进行了调查,结果表明：农村女性旅游动机较为单纯,主要有经济动机和情感动机;农村女性喜欢选择人口集中,热闹繁华的现代都市为旅游目的地,而不愿意选择原始地区、乡村地区;愿意选择人文旅游资源景系,而不是自然旅游资源景系;旅游消费主要是买点价廉物美且实用的物品,她们在吃、住、行上非常节省,消费链比较单一。研究认为：由于工业化、现代化、城市化和产业结构的调整以及女性社会认知和自我认同等各方面的变化等原因,农村女性旅游消费市场前景广阔,社会各界应正确把握农村女性旅游行为的社会意义,并根据农村女性旅游行为特点进行“市场营销”和加强农村女性旅游消费问题研究。 相似文献
15.
It is generally accepted that cities and other forms of geographic agglomerations are conducive to innovation because their density and variety of firms, sectors and individuals create a diverse environment. However, a growing body of work shows that innovation also occurs in peripheral regions and small towns. Furthermore, work on rural social networks shows that diversity is multidimensional, and that along certain dimensions networks developed in rural areas are more diverse than those observed in cities. In this paper, we develop these arguments, then report our observations of seven successful firms in Swiss small towns. These firms benefit from at least three types of diversity: internal diversity; multiplexed interactions between workers at different hierarchical levels; and external diversity as firms reach beyond the region. We conclude that diversity conducive to firm‐level innovation is not a specifically urban attribute: at least some of its dimensions are present in small towns and more peripheral areas. 相似文献
16.
为研究中国西部农村贫困地区推广使用户用沼气产生的温室气体（GHG）减排量和能源与环境效益,以四川省凉山州农村中低收入家庭户用沼气项目为例,利用联合国清洁发展机制（CDM）方法学AMS-III.R和AMS-I.C估算其GHG减排量,并对其能源与环境效益进行分析。项目涉及14个县的35656农户,研究结果显示,户均GHG减排量在1.8~2.5 t CO2 e范围内,整个项目35656口户用沼气池共带来GHG年减排量约为72898.2 t CO2e。同时,每年直接节省约2.16万t原煤使用与648万元原煤购买费用,直接年产出约1978万m3沼气清洁能源,直接减少SO2排放约288440 kg、减少NOx排放约31320 kg、减少烟尘排放约15120 kg。研究表明,农村户用沼气的使用,一方面,既能减少目前生猪粪便管理方式造成的CH4排放,又能充分利用农村沼气清洁能源,减少因煤炭使用而产生的CO2排放;另一方面,又能带来可观的能源与环境效益。此外,依据CDM方法学估算农村户用沼气项目GHG减排量,能为中国农业领域温室气体排放的监测、报告、验证（MRV）提供量化依据和借鉴。 相似文献
17.
18.
农户生计可持续性定量测度及动态分析研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
结合生计可持续性分析框架和PSR概念模型,提出农户生计可持续性的“压力-状态-效应-响应”评价指标体系和评价模型,以重庆市为例,评价并分析了该区农户生计可持续性的现状、演进过程以及结构变化特征。研究表明：（1）提出的评价指标体系能够体现农户生计可持续性的各方面,评价结果能够反映农户生计的实际可持续性水平;（2）重庆市1997—2011年农户生计可持续性逐渐由基本不可持续逐渐提升为基本可持续;（3）状态、效应和响应指数都呈现持续向好的态势,压力指数表现出明显的波动增长特征,其中自然灾害和物价上涨压力是农户生计可持续性的主要限制因素;（4）虽然生计脆弱性压力表现出明显的不确定性,但是政府和农户自身都做出了积极响应,农户生计资产持续增加,农户收入水平和生活质量显著提升。 相似文献
19.
诱致性节育：农村计生新政策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
计划生育是我国的基本国策,是实现人口与经济资源可持续发展的必然保证。通过历史回顾和对比分析,我们认为,以高压政策为主的强制性节育,虽然达到了控制农村人口过快增长的目的,但严重地损害党群干群关系;而自发性节育政策,是以农民生育观念改善和较高的社会经济发展水平为前提,在当前中国一时难以产生预想效果,反而引起农民的误解,招致新一轮生育小高峰;所以本文提倡“奖励为主,惩罚为辅”的诱致性节育政策,通过构建具有实际益处的社会保障机制可以更好地逐步引导农民自觉节育,实现人口与经济社会协调发展。 相似文献
20.
江苏农村家庭能源消费研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
农村家庭能源消费是国家能源消费的重要组成部分,对农村社会、经济及生态环境有重要的影响。在江苏9个典型县3645家庭能源消费及其相关问题入户调查数据分析的基础上,给出了江苏典型地区农村家庭人均能源消费水平和最终用能消费结构,比较研究了苏南、苏中、苏北三地区能源消费结构和有效热中商品能所占比例的差异,分析了能源消费与家庭纯收入的变化关系。研究为认识农村经济发展过程中家庭能源消费特征,建立能源供需平衡体系和生物质资源的规模化利用有着重要的意义。 相似文献