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一、可消化氨基酸配方的理论基础蛋白质原料是饲料原料中最贵重的物质之一,蛋白质的开销是饲料成本中最重要的部分。如何节约蛋白资源,利用可消化氨基酸平衡理论进行饲料日粮配方的设计是行之有效的方法。配合饲料中可消化氨基酸的含量及其平衡程度是影响饲料品质和效益的一个重要因素。准确地测定饲料中可消化氨基酸含量及动物可消化氨基酸的需要量是配制可消化氨基酸平衡日粮的技术关键。动物可消化氨基酸的需要量是源于理想蛋白质的概念。所谓理想蛋白质就是能够被特定动物完全 相似文献
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氨基酸在饲料中的应用现状 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
到1950年,研究者已经发现了组成蛋白质的所有氨基酸。六十年代早期,饲料生产商就已可使用合成氨基酸来配合日粮。特别是使用蛋氨酸和赖氨酸。九十年代,饲料生产商的日粮配合更是日益根据真消化率以及对于不同饲料和饲喂条件下不同氨基酸需要量的了解。现在有可能为处于特定生产条件下的特定基因型动物提供氨基酸平衡更为精确的日粮。精确满足氨基酸需要量有许多好处。首要的好处是降低饲料成本,因为补加的氨基酸是微量成分,可以代替过量的蛋白质饲料(大量成分)。其他好处则是加速瘦肉组织的生长直到减少氮的排出。下面对家禽、猪、奶牛和羊氨基酸营养研究的主要方面作一综述。 相似文献
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1配合日粮时饲料应适当多样化 饲料种类不同,其蛋白质中所含的必需氨基酸种类和数量也不同.因此,多种饲料合理搭配使用,可以使日粮氨基酸互补而接近平衡,从而相对提高蛋白质的转化率. 相似文献
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<正>前言 随着我国养鸡生产的高速发展,饲料消耗逐年增加,鱼粉是蛋鸡配合饲料中广泛应用的动物性蛋白饲料之一。但近年来,鱼粉价格昂贵,进口鱼粉数量有限,供不应求;国产鱼粉来源、质量无法保证,严重影响蛋鸡生产和经济效益。蛋鸡无鱼粉饲料,在国外发达国家早已研究并广泛推广应用。由于国内还没有理想的蛋鸡无鱼粉全价饲料配方,使其价格举高不下。为此,研究蛋鸡无鱼粉全价饲料,降低饲料成本,是养鸡生产上亟需解决的新课题。本试验旨在探索利用廉价的豆(饼)粕为主要蛋白来源,并添加适量的氨基酸、维生素和微量元素来平衡和强化日粮营养,代替有鱼粉日粮,以满足蛋鸡的蛋白质需要,达到较高的生产水平,获得较高的经济效益。 相似文献
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<正> 本试验主要研究以下几个问题:探讨产蛋鸡无鱼粉配合饲料的配方设计,并进行营养价值评定;通过饲养试验,观察无鱼粉日粮的适口性、饲料报酬以及对产蛋性能的影响;探讨在产蛋鸡日粮中添加限制性氨基酸,用植物蛋白和其他动物蛋白代替鱼粉的效果;探讨利用葵花仁饼和豆饼之间的互补作用,不加鱼粉,不加合成氨基酸而配制的日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响;通过饲养试验,筛选出产蛋鸡无鱼粉配合饲料最适配方。 相似文献
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绿色营养型饲料添加剂——生物活性肽 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陈黎龙 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2001,6(5):23-24
蛋白质的营养在动物营养中占重要位置。传统观点认为动物蛋白质营养实质上就是氨基酸的营养，而且认为日粮中蛋白质必须被消化成为游离氨基酸之后才可被吸收利用。传统理论在生产实践中起一定指导作用，例如，通过在日粮中添加合成氨基酸，不但可以改善饲料中氨基酸平衡，提高畜禽生产性能，而且能够减少日粮中蛋白质的原料含量，降低饲料生产成本。但是，近年一些研究结果表明，单体氨基酸能够取代完整蛋白质数量是有限的。家禽和猪采食低蛋白质日粮，虽然其中添加大量合成氨基酸，但并不能取得最大生长速度和最佳饲料效率；即使给动物喂以… 相似文献
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根据饲料可消化氨基酸进行家禽日粮配合冯定远一、引言传统的家禽日粮配合是根据粗蛋白及主要限制性氨基酸的含量进行的，这种方法的特点是简单方便，只要根据实验室营养分析指标就可直接选择饲料计算日粮配方。进入７０年代和８０年代，随着对各种蛋白质资源的深入研究，... 相似文献
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<正>众所周知,饲养肉鸡需要有配比合理、功能完善的配合饲料。在肉鸡饲料的配比设计上,养殖户只有充分重视各种营养元素的辩证关系,注重搞好各种成分之间的搭配平衡,才能配制出营养均衡、价格合适、具有竞争优势的配合饲料。因此,作者从能量与蛋白质、蛋白质与氨基酸、能量与粗纤维、矿物质元素之间、矿物质与维生素之间、动物性饲料与植物性饲料等日粮中不同营养元素之间的辩证关系进行阐述,为在生产应用中合理配制肉鸡日粮 相似文献
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Protein utilization data were established in N balance trials with lactating sows fed various dietary proteins. The data obtained were compared with the amino acid indices of the dietary proteins and regression equations were established for the relations existing between these data. Additionally, simple and multiple regressions were calculated for relationships between the levels of N balance and the levels of crude protein intake, digestible crude protein, lysine per kg of milk production or lysine and all the other essential amino acids per 10 g of milk N. A relation was found between the level of daily lysine intake and all the other essential amino acids and the level of productive N utilization. 相似文献
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饲料蛋白质营养价值评定方法研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
根据“理想蛋白质”（IP）概念的基本含义，给出了表示猪、禽IP氨基酸平衡模式的通用数学表达式，提出了估计猪、禽IP需要量及饲料IP水平的估计方法，在此基础上提出了度量饲料氨基酸平衡程度的新型化学指数——氨基酸平衔指数（IAAB）。应用IP、IAAB对0～4周龄肉用仔鸡试验资料的分析结果表明：饲料IP及IAAB指标能够比较客观地评定饲料蛋白质的营养价值。 相似文献
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饲料型四倍体刺槐叶粉饲用价值的比较研究 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
测定了廊坊地区饲料型四倍体刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia叶粉的粗蛋白、粗纤维、钙、磷等常规营养成分的含量及18种氨基酸组分,运用必需氨基酸分、必需氨基酸指数及综合评价法对其营养价值及饲用价值进行评价.结果表明:饲料型四倍体刺槐叶粉的粗蛋白和18种氨基酸含量分别高达27.27%和18.55%,粗纤维含量为16.47%,属于优良的植物饲料蛋白源;其中12种必需氨基酸含量之和为10.67%,必需氨基酸分为68.1,氨基酸组成较平衡;对牛、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅、草鱼、对虾和羊8种动物的必需氨基酸指数均大于0.86,可作为这些动物的优良蛋白饲料. 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2014,67(1):9-18
Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a key component of ecosystem carbon fluxes and the carbon balance between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of GPP is essential for quantifying plant production and carbon balance for grasslands. Satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) are often used to approximate GPP. The widely used VIs include atmospherically resistant vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference greenness index, normalized difference vegetation index, reduced simple ratio, ratio vegetation index, and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The evaluation of the performance of these VIs for approximating GPP, however, has been limited to one or two VIs and/or using GPP observations from one or two sites. In this study, we examined the relationships between the nine VIs derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and tower-based GPP at five eddy covariance flux sites over the grasslands of northern China. Our results showed that the nine VIs were generally good predictors of GPP for grasslands of northern China. Overall, EVI was the best predictor. The correlation between EVI and GPP also declined from the south to the north, indicating that EVI and GPP exhibited closer relationships in more southerly sites with higher vegetation cover. We also examined the seasonal influence on the correlation between VIs and GPP. SAVI exhibited the best correlation with GPP in spring when the grassland canopy was sparse, while EVI exhibited the best correlation with GPP in summer when the grassland cover was dense. Our results also showed that VIs could capture variations in observed GPP better in drought period than in nondrought period for an alpine meadow site because of the suppression of vegetation growth by drought. 相似文献
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营养学中氨基酸平衡的度量 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文基于聚类分析理论,提出了失衡度(IBD)这一新的化学指数,借以定量地研究蛋白质营养中的氨基酸平衡问题。当样品中氨基酸完全平衡时,IBD取值为零;而当其氨基酸平衡最差时。IBD取值为1。IBD的氨基酸增量模型为非对称最大值式;且IBD与变异系数(CV)之间有着密切的关系。通过IBD这一指数,可以对各种单一饲料的蛋白质营养价值加以分类列等;通过计算两种以上饲料蛋白质混合物的IBD,可以从理论上预测它们之间是否互补,以及何时发生最佳互补关系。若引申IBD的概念框架,还可以用来研究其它养分之间的平衡关系,并有助于实现计算机配方过程的自动鉴别和筛选。 相似文献
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Laflamme DP 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2008,23(3):154-157
The goal of this article was to review the evidence surrounding the risks posed by insufficient or excessive dietary protein. Dietary protein is required to provide essential amino acids and replenish protein reserves. When intake is deficient, protein turnover slows and lean body mass is gradually depleted. These changes lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Dogs can maintain nitrogen balance (typically used to define minimum requirements in adults), yet be in a protein-depleted state due to physiologic adaptations. Preservation of protein turnover and lean body mass requires about threefold more protein than nitrogen balance. The ability of excess dietary protein to induce renal pathology was studied in both dogs with chronic kidney failure and older dogs without kidney failure. Numerous studies have confirmed that protein does not adversely affect the kidneys. However, phosphorus- and protein-restricted diets are clinically beneficial in dogs with existing chronic kidney failure. Protein restriction for healthy older dogs is not only unnecessary, it can be detrimental. Protein requirements actually increase by about 50% in older dogs, while their energy requirements tend to decrease. When insufficient protein is provided, it can aggravate the age-associated loss of lean body mass and may contribute to earlier mortality. Older dogs should receive at least 25% of their calories from protein, typically provided by diets containing at least 7 g protein/100 Kcal ME. 相似文献