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哺乳动物胚胎冷冻原理及研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
哺乳动物胚胎冷冻研究始于 5 0年代 ,先后在小鼠、大鼠、兔、马、牛、绵羊、山羊等动物胚胎上获得成功。目前该方面的研究进展很快 ,部分家畜的冷冻胚胎已逐步走向商品化应用。本文比较全面的综述了哺乳动物胚胎冷冻的原理、方法过程和冷冻胚胎的解冻及解冻后保护剂脱除。 相似文献
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近17年来,采用建立起来的牛非手术采卵及冷冻方法,已能将牛桑葚胚和囊胚冷冻,并获得较高的存活率。现在试验中和商业上牛胚胎冷冻大多数是采取控制降温和解冻的程序。解冻后存活率按形态评定可达90％～100％,非手术移植的妊娠率为60％。绵羊、山羊和马的桑葚胚和囊胚用控制降温和解冻程序也能有效的冷冻。简化的控制降温和解冻程序的一步法用于牛胚胎,妊娠率可达50％。此法免去了解冻后较繁琐的脱除冷冻保护剂和胚胎评定过程。玻璃化法和快速冷冻法是较先进的方法,可大大缩短胚胎冷冻时间,而且无需复杂的冷冻设备。不过,迄今家畜胚胎冷冻的结果还是有待提高的,尽管牛、绵羊、山羊桑葚胚和囊胚用玻璃化法冷冻已经成功,移植后产了仔。另外,卵母细胞、早期胚胎、显微手术(切割、克隆、活组织检查)后的胚胎、猪胚胎冷冻成功率还很低。因此,为使胚胎移植技术能在生产中应用和开展胚胎显微操作、体外受精、克隆和基因转移之类生物技术的试验及应用,很有必要加强研究建立起更为有效的胚胎冷冻解冻方法。 相似文献
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自1985年胚胎玻璃化冷冻(v itrification)保存技术发明以来,玻璃化法先后在小鼠、兔、绵羊、牛、猪、山羊等动物胚胎上获得成功,近年来有关哺乳动物胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存的研究主要集中在冷冻和解冻方法上,相继发明了一些新的玻璃化冷冻方法:冷环玻璃化法(cryo loop)和开放式细管法(open pu lled straw,OPS),并且对解冻后细管内直接脱除防冻剂进行了广泛深入的研究,使得冷冻胚胎移植更易于在生产上推广应用。现将胚胎玻璃化冷冻的原理、冷冻保护剂、冷冻方法、解冻后保护剂脱除方法的最新研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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绵羊玻璃化冷冻胚胎直接移植试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用EFS40玻璃化液对6.5～7日龄的绵羊胚胎进行玻璃化冷冻及解冻后直接移植试验.结果:桑椹胚、囊胚冷冻解冻后移植的妊娠率分别为37.50%(3/8)和54.55%(6/11),胚胎存活率分别为33.33%(3/9)和50.00%(6/12),差异均不显著(P＞0.05);胚胎解冻后用0.5 mol/L蔗糖脱防冻剂与直接用胚胎存放液脱除防冻剂的妊娠率分别为44.44%(4/9)和50.00%(5/10),胚胎存活率分别为40.00%(4/10)、45.45%(5/11)差异不显著(P＞0.05);10枚解冻后的胚胎细管内脱防冻剂后,直接装管移植给8只受体,妊娠率为50.00%(4/8),胚胎成活率为40.00%(4/10),与同期常规冷冻解冻组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05). 相似文献
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本文研究了小鼠胚胎快速冷冻方法,以ＰＢＳ＋２．０Ｍ甘油＋０．５Ｍ蔗糖为冷冻液,以ＰＢＳ＋０．５Ｍ蔗糖为称释液。结果桑椹胚冷冻解冻后的存活率为６９．３％,早期囊胚冷冻解冻后的存活率为６０．４％,二者之间无显著差异。 相似文献
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本地黄牛冷冻胚胎移植技术及其受胎率影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
笔者选用97头山东省平度市当地黄牛作为受体，采用玻璃化解冻进行加拿大进口北美性控高产荷斯坦奶牛冷冻胚胎移植。试验分别从冷冻胚胎级别、受体牛黄体直径、移植者技术水平、胚胎解冻后的停留时间，对冷冻胚胎移植受胎率进行了分析比较。结果表明：A级胚胎（46．3％）比B级胚胎（31．6％）、C级胚胎（0）受胎率高；受体牛黄体直径在1．0～1．5cm（49．1％）之间较2cm（28．1％）、2．5cm时受胎率要高；移植者技术水平的高（42．3％）低（21．1％）其受胎率相差较大；胚胎解冻后停留的时间10～20min（37．8％）、1～2h（46．9％）、4～6h（25％）对受胎率也影响较大。说明影响当地黄牛移植高产荷斯坦奶牛冷冻胚胎受胎率的因素主要有冷冻胚胎级别、受体牛黄体直径、移植者技术水平、胚胎解冻后停留的时间。 相似文献
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近年来在改进牛、绵羊、马胚胎的冷冻和解冻方法方面,已取得了显著的进步。然而,猪胚胎的冷冻至今仍未取得满意的结果。我们研究的重点是牛的胚胎,对绵羊、猪和兔的胚胎也做了试验。本文主要论述近期来牛的完整和切割胚胎及完整的绵羊和猪胚胎的冷冻试验结果。 相似文献
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Although cryopreservation experiments with mammalian embryos have been performed for more than 30 years, definite progress was only achieved in the seventies. Investigations with mouse embryos have mainly contributed to the establishment of cryopreservation procedures for livestock embryos. Today the freezing of sheep and cattle embryos is applied to practice, but still transfer results range about 10% to 15% below comparable results obtained from transfer with fresh embryos. Procedures for the cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and subsequent in-vitro fertilization of frozen/thawed oocytes are just being developed. Until now, only in the mouse a reproducable method for this purpose has been found. Meanwhile children were born from human in-vitro fertilization programs after cryopreservation of oocytes as well as embryos, although the cryopreservation of human embryos is facing major ethical objections. 相似文献
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切割取样对胚胎发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
体视显微镜下,采用徒手持金属刀片和自制的玻璃切割针分别对小鼠和牛胚胎进行切割取样,并对取样后的胚胎进行体外培养48h,其发育率分别为76.7%(46/60)和80%(16/20),两者差异不显著(P>0.05);奶牛新鲜胚胎切割取样后,胚胎移植妊娠率47.1%(8/17),比对照组妊娠率59.0%(23/39)差异显著(P<0.05)。冷冻-解冻胚胎切割取样后移植妊娠率42.9%(6/17)虽然也比对照组50%低,但是差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Mansoorlakooraj H Saadati D Javadi R Heydari S Torki E Gholami H Fard RM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):364-367
Data have been collected from slaughterhouses in three provinces across the Northern Iran (Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan) from March 2004 to March 2008. These data were collected to evaluate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats. During the study, 3,347,797 animals were slaughtered. These included 621,686 cattle, 1,719,725 sheep and 1,006,386 goats. The prevalence of infection in cattle, sheep and goats was 12%, 14.6% and 10.1%, respectively. The association of condemnation rates with seasons was not proven statistically. 相似文献
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采用RT-PCR技术从中国西门塔尔牛睾丸组织总RNA中反转录FascDNA,将其克隆于pMD19-Tvector后进行测序分析,并对其表达的蛋白结构功能进行预测、分析。结果表明:牛的FascDNA序列为1109bp,编码323个氨基酸残基,在氨基酸序列上与羊、猪、人、小鼠的相似性分别为90.5%、65.3%、56.7%和48.6%。Fas蛋白的胞外区有2个糖基化位点和3个富含半胱氨酸残基的结构亚域,对Fas蛋白的定位及凋亡信号识别有重要作用。牛与羊、猪、人、小鼠Fas的死亡结构域(Death domain,DD)氨基酸序列的相似性分别为94.3%、68.5%、59.6%和70.8%,体现了该结构在各物种间较强的保守性及接受凋亡信号诱导靶细胞凋亡的重要性。组织表达谱发现,Fas不仅表达于牛的淋巴、脾等淋巴系统,而且高表达于牛生殖系统的睾丸中,这对于进一步阐明Fas在公牛精子发生过程中的调控作用奠定基础。 相似文献
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为了解海晏县沼泽草场放牧牛羊及同盘吸虫感染等情况而进行了本调查,结果为：沼泽草场放牧户占到全县总放牧户数的9.27%,放牧牛羊分别占到全县牛羊总数的10.93%和12.65%。77.78%的沼泽草场放牧户牛羊感染同盘吸虫,而牛群和羊群同盘吸虫感染率分别达到了59.26%和48.15%;牛羊群体混合感染率40.74%;牛羊个体同盘吸虫感染率分别为14.83%和17.04%。结果还表明专业技术人员等对同盘吸虫病了解不足,区域间感染率差别较大,牛羊感染率有上升的趋势,证明现在使用的驱除药物对同盘吸虫虫卵阳性率降低很不理想,今后对本病的预防知识普及宣传及技术培训、驱除药物研制和筛选、湿地椎实螺的防治十分迫切。 相似文献
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A. Daryani M. Sharif A. Amouei M. Nasrolahei 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1701-1705
The aim of this study was to determine the fertility and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered sheep and cattle. Cysts
were collected from the liver and lungs of 169 sheep and 171 cattle infected with Echinococcus granulosus when slaughtered
in industrial abattoir in Sari, Iran, 2007–2008. Fertility was determined by the examination of cyst fluid for the presence
of protoscoleces. The viability of the protoscoleces was assessed by staining with 0.1% aqueous eosin solution. The fertility
rates of hepatic cyst of sheep and cattle were 47.1% and 1.4%, respectively and the fertility rates of pulmonary cyst of sheep
and cattle were 39.4% and 8.1%. In the sheep, the fertility of cysts in the liver was higher than that in lungs, but in the
cattle the fertility of cysts in lungs was higher than liver. The viability of protoscoleces of fertile cysts for sheep and
cattle were about 76.9% and 82.5%, respectively. Based on the finding in the present study, effort should be made to control
transmission of cystic echinococcosis by safe disposal of Echinococcus cysts such that dogs cannot have access to the cysts. 相似文献
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Kedmi M Levi S Galon N Bomborov V Yadin H Batten C Klement E 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,148(2-4):408-412
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an Orbivirus. While not previously considered as an important disease in cattle, several EHDV serotypes (EHDV-6 and 7) have recently been implicated in disease outbreaks. The involvement of sheep in the epidemiology of EHDV is still not understood. In this study we compared the prevalence of antibodies to EHDV and bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep to their prevalence in cattle after an outbreak of EHDV that occurred in Israel during 2006. Sixty-six sheep and lambs scattered in seven herds were compared to 114 cows and calves scattered in 13 dairy cattle herds, matched to the sheep herds by location. While antibody prevalence to EHDV was high in cattle (35.2% within the outbreak zone) no evidence of exposure to EHDV was found in sheep (p<0.0001). Antibodies to BTV were apparent in both cattle and sheep though in the former it was significantly higher (63.2%, 16.7% respectively, p<0.0001), suggesting higher exposure of cattle to biting Culicoides midges. Taken together, these results imply that sheep have a negligible role in the epidemiology of EHDV. 相似文献