共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Rebecca S. Syring DVM DACVECC Merilee F. Costello DVM DACVECC Robert H. Poppenga DVM PhD DABVT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2008,18(1):75-80
Objective: This case report presents the clinical findings of a dog with diltiazem intoxication and the utilization of temporary transvenous pacing for management of high‐grade second‐degree atrioventricular (AV) block with associated bradycardia and hypotension. Case summary: A nine‐year‐old spayed female Basset Hound, who ingested between 95 and 109 mg/kg of sustained‐release diltiazem exhibited clinical signs of cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension, mental depression and gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Bradycardia was present initially, then was followed by high‐grade second‐degree AV block with ventricular escape. Traditional medications to treat calcium channel blocker (CCB) intoxication, including atropine, calcium gluconate, dopamine and glucagon were initially successful in managing the cardiac rhythm disturbances and hypotension. Twenty‐two hours post‐ingestion, however, the dog became refractory to these medications following sedation for GI decontamination and a temporary transvenous pacemaker was placed. The dog was paced for 19 hours. Transvenous pacing effectively increased heart rate, which increased blood pressure into an acceptable range. The dog was successfully discharged from the hospital following treatment. New or unique information provided: The use of a temporary pacemaker should be considered an acceptable treatment for bradycardia, AV block and hypotension associated with CCB intoxication when conventional medical therapy fails. 相似文献
2.
J.D. Thomason T.L. Fallaw K.P. Carmichael M.A. Radlinsky C.A. Calvert 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(1):39-42
Background: Calcium channel blocking drugs, usually nifedipine and less often amlodipine, have been reported to cause gingival hyperplasia (GH) in humans.
Hypothesis: Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking drug, can cause GH when administered chronically to older small dogs with degenerative valvular disease.
Animals Studied: From January 2004 to May 2008, 82 client-owned dogs with degenerative valvular disease and left atrial dilatation were treated with amlodipine in combination with spironolactone and enalapril and followed for >6 months.
Methods: Retrospective study. A chronological observation of GH in 2 dogs treated with amlodipine in 2004 and 2006 prompted the study. Patient histories and medical records of each dog treated with amlodipine for degenerative valvular disease from January 2004 to May 2008 were reviewed.
Results: GH was observed by clients and the authors in 7 of 82 (8.5%) dogs. Histologic confirmation of the diagnosis was made in 2 dogs. The minimum duration of treatment before diagnosis of GH was 5 months. GH began to resolve within 2 weeks of discontinuing amlodipine and resolution was complete within 6 months. Amlodipine administration was reinstituted in 1 dog in which GH had resolved, and GH reoccurred within 4 months.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Long-term administration of amlodipine to dogs with degenerative valvular disease may cause GH in a small percentage of patients. GH resolves quickly after withdrawal of amlodipine treatment. 相似文献
Hypothesis: Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking drug, can cause GH when administered chronically to older small dogs with degenerative valvular disease.
Animals Studied: From January 2004 to May 2008, 82 client-owned dogs with degenerative valvular disease and left atrial dilatation were treated with amlodipine in combination with spironolactone and enalapril and followed for >6 months.
Methods: Retrospective study. A chronological observation of GH in 2 dogs treated with amlodipine in 2004 and 2006 prompted the study. Patient histories and medical records of each dog treated with amlodipine for degenerative valvular disease from January 2004 to May 2008 were reviewed.
Results: GH was observed by clients and the authors in 7 of 82 (8.5%) dogs. Histologic confirmation of the diagnosis was made in 2 dogs. The minimum duration of treatment before diagnosis of GH was 5 months. GH began to resolve within 2 weeks of discontinuing amlodipine and resolution was complete within 6 months. Amlodipine administration was reinstituted in 1 dog in which GH had resolved, and GH reoccurred within 4 months.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Long-term administration of amlodipine to dogs with degenerative valvular disease may cause GH in a small percentage of patients. GH resolves quickly after withdrawal of amlodipine treatment. 相似文献
3.
Vicki L. Campbell DVM DACVA DACVECC ; Amy L. Butler DVM MS DACVECC Katharine F. Lunn BMVS MS PhD MRCVS DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(3):286-291
Objective – To describe a case of barbiturate toxicosis in a dog secondary to ingestion of a previously buried euthanized goat carcass and to discuss the utility of urine drug testing in diagnosing barbiturate toxicosis.
Case Summary – A 6-year-old neutered male Border Collie was presented to a university veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of ataxia and acute collapse. Past pertinent history included Addison's disease that had been managed for 1 year. A companion dog was seen 12 hours earlier chewing on the partially decomposed head of a goat that had been euthanized 47 days previously and buried on the owner's property. The dog was laterally recumbent, unresponsive to stimuli, and hypothermic on physical examination. Initial blood work revealed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, with a Na/K ratio of 18.5. The dog was volume resuscitated and received an injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate due to a suspected Addisonian crisis. Despite this treatment, the dog remained laterally recumbent and unresponsive to stimuli. A urine drug screen was performed and was positive for barbiturates. A diagnosis of barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized goat carcass was made. The dog was treated supportively over 12 hours with IV fluids and activated charcoal. The dog was able to walk 11 hours after presentation and was subsequently discharged from the hospital.
New or Unique Information Provided – Urine drug testing is a fast, easy, and point-of-care test that may be useful in dogs to assist in the diagnosis of barbiturate intoxication. Proper disposal of euthanized animals is necessary to prevent toxicosis and possible death of companion animals and wildlife. 相似文献
Case Summary – A 6-year-old neutered male Border Collie was presented to a university veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of ataxia and acute collapse. Past pertinent history included Addison's disease that had been managed for 1 year. A companion dog was seen 12 hours earlier chewing on the partially decomposed head of a goat that had been euthanized 47 days previously and buried on the owner's property. The dog was laterally recumbent, unresponsive to stimuli, and hypothermic on physical examination. Initial blood work revealed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, with a Na/K ratio of 18.5. The dog was volume resuscitated and received an injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate due to a suspected Addisonian crisis. Despite this treatment, the dog remained laterally recumbent and unresponsive to stimuli. A urine drug screen was performed and was positive for barbiturates. A diagnosis of barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized goat carcass was made. The dog was treated supportively over 12 hours with IV fluids and activated charcoal. The dog was able to walk 11 hours after presentation and was subsequently discharged from the hospital.
New or Unique Information Provided – Urine drug testing is a fast, easy, and point-of-care test that may be useful in dogs to assist in the diagnosis of barbiturate intoxication. Proper disposal of euthanized animals is necessary to prevent toxicosis and possible death of companion animals and wildlife. 相似文献
4.
5.
A double yellow headed Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala tresmariae) of unknown age and sex was examined for an acute onset of anorexia, listlessness, central nervous system signs and diarrhea. A tentative diagnosis of lead toxicosis was achieved based on radiographs, clinical pathology and response to therapy. Chelation therapy (Calcium EDTA) and supportive measures resulted in an uneventful recovery. 相似文献
6.
Calcium Channel Blockers in Veterinary Medicine 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kirsten L. Cooke Patti S. Snyder 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(3):123-131
Calcium channel blockers are becoming increasingly popular in veterinary medicine for the treatment of systemic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Calcium is vital to many cellular functions and thus stringent regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations is required. Pharmacologic manipulation of the regulatory mechanisms has the potential to alter cellular function in all body systems. In human medicine, calcium channel blockers are being evaluated for, among other things, use in treating glaucoma, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary hypertension, in renal transplantation, and for prevention of reperfusion injury. The potentially beneficial effects of these drugs have often been overshadowed by adverse effects including hypotension, inappetence, bradycardia, conduction abnormalities, and decreased cardiac output. With the introduction of sustained- release formulations (diltiazem) and 2nd generation calcium channel blockers (amlodipine) many of these effects have been attenuated or eliminated. This paper will review the functions of calcium and the calcium channels as well as discussing the classes and current and potential uses of the various calcium channel blockers. 相似文献
7.
Laura C. Cregar Charles E. Wiedmeyer Davin R. Ringen Tim J. Evans Gayle C. Johnson Keiichi Kuroki 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(4):502-508
A 1‐year‐old female Boer goat was presented with a 1‐day history of pigmenturia, anorexia, and shivering. Anemia was not present initially, but progressive hemolytic anemia developed subsequently and was characterized by the finding of Heinz bodies in both intact RBCs and in ghost cells and the presence of atypical fusiform RBCs. Plasma biochemical analysis revealed increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyltransferase, hyperbilirubinemia, and azotemia. Histopathologic examination of a liver biopsy revealed necrosis of individual hepatocytes and intracytoplasmic rhodamine‐positive granules, consistent with copper. Copper concentration in ante‐mortem hepatic tissue was increased, and a diagnosis of copper toxicosis was made. Despite supportive therapy, the goat continued to decline and was euthanized. Necropsy findings included hepatic necrosis and hemoglobinuric nephrosis. Freshly collected specimens of liver and kidney had markedly increased copper concentrations. The mineral composition of the water, grass hay, and goat chow was evaluated, and toxins and significant mineral imbalances were not found. The underlying cause of the hepatic accumulation and subsequent release of copper remains unclear in this goat. Recently, Boer goats have been recognized as being prone to copper toxicosis and may be more susceptible than other breeds; similar to sheep, Boer goats may experience a hemolytic crisis secondary to copper toxicosis. 相似文献
8.
Mavangira V Evans TJ Villamil JA Hahn AW Chigerwe M Tyler JW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(6):955-959
OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between age, sex, breed, and month and year of admission and the diagnosis of lead toxicosis in cattle. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. Sample Population-Records of all cattle evaluated at North American veterinary teaching hospitals during the years 1963 to 2002, which were available through the Veterinary Medical Database. PROCEDURES: Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between postulated risk factors and the occurrence of lead toxicosis in cattle and predict the occurrence of the diagnosis of lead toxicosis in cattle. RESULTS: 413 cases of lead intoxication and 202,363 control cattle were identified and met the inclusion criteria. Cattle < 4 years of age were at increased risk for the diagnosis of lead intoxication relative to cattle > or = 4 years of age. Cattle > or = 2 months and < 6 months of age had the greatest risk for lead intoxication (odds ratio, 12.3). Angus cattle were at greater risk for toxicosis (odds ratio, 1.95), compared with other breeds. The risk of lead toxicosis was greater before 1985 (odds ratio, 1.94) than the risk thereafter. The risk of lead toxicosis diagnosis was greatest in the months of May, June, July, and August. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lead toxicosis in cattle was associated with age < 4 years and the Angus breed. A seasonal pattern existed with peak occurrence in the late spring and summer. The occurrence of lead toxicosis has declined over time. 相似文献
9.
D. N. Carlotti 《The Journal of small animal practice》1991,32(8):394-400
A review of otitis externa in dogs and cats is presented. Aetiology, includes primary causes: ectoparasitoses, allergic diseases, endocrine disorders, pyodermas, trauma and irritation, contact dermatitis, auto-immune skin diseases, drug eruption, keratoseborrhoeic skin disease, tumours and pseudoneoplastic lesions, as well as secondary causes: bacteria and yeasts. Clinical aspects are variable but a practical classification distinguishes two forms: erythematoceruminous otitis externa and suppurative otitis externa. Diagnosis is made in five steps which are clinical examination, direct examination of cerumen (erythematoceruminous otitis externa) or bacterial culture and sensitivity testing (suppurative otitis externa), direct impression smears, cleaning and otoscopy, and diagnosis of underlying skin disease. Medical therapy includes cleaning of the external ear canal and local therapy (acaricides, antifungal agents, antibiotics, corticosteroids, other topical agents, the appropriate selection of an optic preparation being essential). Treatment of underlying skin disease is always necessary. Otitis externa is in fact a dermatological disease complex (like pododermatitis). Although local secondary infections (bacterial and fungal) must be managed in every case, there are grounds for including otitis externa in a larger frame. 相似文献
10.
Donovan GA Steenholdt C McGehee K Lundquist R 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(1):96-9, 54
Between January and March 2002, 55 cows in a 1,200-cow commercial dairy herd in south Florida died. Most of the cows that were found dead did not have any clinical signs of disease prior to death. Because of a history of a feed change, a bloom of blue-green algae in cow cooling ponds, and initial necropsy findings of moderate enteritis, the preliminary differential diagnosis included clostridial enteritis, blue-green algae toxicosis, and mycotoxicosis. Rumen acidosis, hypomagnesemia, and heavy metal toxicosis were included as secondary considerations. On the basis of physical examination and gross necropsy findings, results of clinicopathol ogic testing, and results of feed and water analyses, a diagnosis of hypomagnesemia was made. Control procedures that were implemented included changing the forage source and increasing the magnesium concentration in the diet. 相似文献
11.
Denver MC Tell LA Galey FD Trupkiewicz JG Kass PH 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(8):935-940
OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and Ca EDTA for treatment of experimentally induced lead toxicosis in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). ANIMALS: 137 (69 females, 68 males) healthy cockatiels between 6 months and 8 years old. PROCEDURE: Lead toxicosis was induced by placing lead shot in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with Ca EDTA (40 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 12 h), DMSA (40 or 80 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h), and sodium sulfate salts (SSS; 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 48 h) was initiated 4 days after induction of lead toxicosis. Blood lead concentrations were determined, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Number of birds surviving and blood lead concentrations were compared among groups. RESULTS: In Phase II of the study, administration of DMSA and Ca EDTA significantly decreased blood lead concentrations when used alone or in combination in birds with lead toxicosis. Addition of SSS did not result in further decreases in lead concentrations. Eight of 12 (66.7%) birds without lead toxicosis given 80 mg of DMSA/kg did not survive to the end of the study. Lesions related to treatment with chelating agents were not detected during necropsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DMSA and Ca EDTA are effective chelating agents in cockatiels. Because DMSA is administered orally, it may be easier than other chelating agents for bird owners to administer at home. However, the narrow margin of safety of DMSA indicates that this agent should be used with caution. 相似文献
12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine physical examination findings, clinicopathologic changes, and prognosis in dogs with zinc toxicosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 19 dogs with zinc toxicosis. PROCEDURES: Medical records from 1991 through 2003 were searched for animals with a diagnosis of zinc toxicosis. Information concerning signalment, body weight, historical findings, initial owner complaints, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic findings, blood zinc concentrations, source of zinc, treatments given, duration of hospital stay, and outcome was collected. RESULTS: Records of 19 dogs with zinc toxicosis were reviewed.The most common historical findings were vomiting (n = 14) and pigmenturia (12). The most common clinicopathologic findings were anemia (n = 19) and hyperbilirubinemia (12). Median age was 1.3 years, and median weight was 5.6 kg (12.3 lb). The prognosis was favorable, with 17 dogs surviving after a median hospital stay of 2 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hemolytic anemia as a result of zinc toxicosis appeared to affect young small-breed dogs more frequently than older large-breed dogs. The prognosis with treatment is good, and most affected dogs had a short hospital stay. 相似文献
13.
Although the incidence of lead toxicosis in small animals continues to decrease, it remains a significant malady. We have reviewed the literature of the past 45 years, which revealed 70 cases involving cats. Sources, signs, diagnosis, pathology and treatment of feline lead toxicosis are reviewed. In 84% of these cases the source of lead was old paint usually from home renovation. The most common signs in cats are anorexia, vomiting, and seizures. The younger individuals seem more likely to show CNS signs. Since signs are often vague, lead toxicosis may be significantly under diagnosed in cats. The gold standard of diagnostic tests is blood lead concentration, although it does not necessarily correlate with total body burden of lead or with metabolic effects including clinical signs. Diagnostic tests including erythropoietic protoporphyrin (EPP), urine aminolevulinic acid, and others are discussed. Gross findings on necropsy are few and include a yellow-brown discoloration of the liver often with a nutmeg-like appearance. Histological examination may reveal pathognomonic inclusion bodies in liver and renal tissues. Characteristic histological changes in the CNS include neuronal necrosis and demyelination. Treatment of lead toxicosis in cats, as in any species, involves removing the exposure, decontaminating the individual and the environment, supportive care and chelation therapy. The most recently available chelator is succimer (meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid). Succimer given orally is well tolerated and has a wide margin of safety. A high index of suspicion of lead toxicosis is warranted in cats since they often present with vague and non-specific signs. With any consistent history owners need to be asked about home renovation. Early diagnosis and treatment affords a good prognosis. 相似文献
14.
The following viruses as well as bacteria and mycoplasma have been isolated from dogs with contagious respiratory disease: canine distemper virus; Canine adenoviruses (type 1 and 2); Parainfluenza type 2 (SV5); Reovirus type 1; Canine Herpesvirus; Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Staphylococcus and Mycoplasma. The occurrence of these agents can be in direct relationship with: the evolution of a systemic disease; respiratory disorders being a regular or inconsistant symptom of this disease; the evolution of a disease restricted to the respiratory tract; the tropism of the bacterial or viral agent is exclusively respiratory; secondary bacterial complications to a primary viral infection; saprophyte state or latency without pathologic significance. These various infectious agents are implicated alone or in mixed infections and the wide variety of clinical symptoms don't allow to precise a clinical diagnosis. We will try to bring some bases allowing, by the help of laboratory an etiologic diagnosis. This diagnosis is essential for providing an efficient prevention. We will approach some parameters which we have been confronted with as regards Canine Distemper and Canine Adenovirosis. Our purpose is, through these examples of the canine pathology, to confirm and complete some other similar situations which can appear in other animal species. 相似文献
15.
Alward A Corriher CA Barton MH Sellon DC Blikslager AT Jones SL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(5):1197-1201
BACKGROUND: Ingestion of wilted red maple leaves by horses can result in severe hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Little is known about what factors influence the outcome of red maple leaf toxicosis in horses. HYPOTHESIS: Our hypothesis was that physical examination findings, clinicopathologic variables or therapeutic modalities may predict outcome in horses with red maple leaf toxicity. ANIMALS: Horses with red maple leaf toxicosis presented to referral hospitals in the southeast region of the United States. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective study was designed to identify factors that predict mortality in horses with red maple toxicosis. RESULTS: Thirty-two horses with red maple toxicosis were identified, 19 of which died. Twenty-nine horses presented with anemia and 24 had clinicopathologic evidence of systemic inflammation. Renal insufficiency was identified in 12/30 (41%) horses. Laminitis (9/28) and colic (13/30) also were identified in horses with red maple toxicosis, but development of these 2 conditions did not have a negative effect on short-term survival. Horses with red maple toxicosis that survived to discharge were likely to have developed pyrexia during hospitalization (P = .030). Horses that were treated with a corticosteroid had a significantly increased likelihood of death (P = .045). There was no significant relationship between initial serum hemoglobin concentration, methemoglobin concentration, or percentage methemoglobin and mortality in this horse series. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study suggests that information obtained on initial examination cannot be used to accurately predict survival in horses with red maple toxicosis, but horses that receive corticosteroids are unlikely to survive. 相似文献
16.
B D Slenning F D Galey M Anderson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(5):867-870
Two clinically different episodes of nitrate toxicosis in heifers at the same dairy were evaluated to determine whether dietary supplements could have contributed to the confounding signs of illness. The first episode followed a 24-hour period of feeding mismanagement and resultant overconsumption of both a protein/nonprotein nitrogen supplement and a monensin supplement. This episode was characterized by ataxia, bloating, and death, without the classic clinical signs of dyspnea, salivation, cyanosis, and dark-colored blood, or the cardinal histologic changes of cyanosis, tissue staining, petechiations, or congestion. Approximately 5 weeks later, another episode developed, without the feeding mismanagement or the presence of supplements, and was characterized by classic signs of nitrate toxicosis along with response to methylene blue treatment. In both episodes, the feed source was the same, with high concentrations of nitrate. Heifers of both episodes had high ocular nitrate values, confirming the toxicoses. The difference was the availability of supplements. Calculation of exposure makes it unlikely that either the nonprotein moiety or the monensin moiety could have reached toxic values. However, the cell-level effects of monensin may have caused the animals to not display classic signs of nitrate toxicosis, confusing the diagnosis and treatment. This report demonstrates how field toxicosis can differ from reports of toxicoses caused by single etiologic agents. Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components. 相似文献
17.
《Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice》2002,1(2):53-57
The investigation of suspect toxicosis is one of the most complex diagnostic problems faced by equine practitioners, requiring a wide range of clinical skills. When poisoning occurs, there is often no clear evidence of exposure to a toxic agent. Establishing an accurate diagnosis of poisoning requires a systematic approach, beginning with a comprehensive history, followed by clinical examination of affected horses, clinical pathologic testing, postmortem examinations, and analytic toxicology testing. The diagnosis of potential toxicosis in performance horses especially in the racetrack environment presents unique challenges to the veterinarian. Economic concerns including wagering, competition, inflated animal values, and insurance issues combine to create a situation in which intentional poisonings using obscure toxicants and unusual routes of exposure may occur. Collection of an accurate history is frequently confounded under these circumstances. This problem, coupled with the wide range of potential malicious toxic agents available, reinforces the requirement to approach these cases in a thorough and systematic fashion. Throughout the investigative process, potential medicolegal issues should be kept in the forefront. Care must be taken to maintain complete and accurate medical records and to maintain chain of custody on all antemortem and postmortem samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory, because suspicious or unexplained deaths frequently end up in court. 相似文献
18.
Jumpei YASUDA Lila TAKADA Yuka KAJIWARA Muneyosi OKADA Hideyuki YAMAWAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1391-1395
.Endogenous fragments of extracellular matrix are known to possess various biological
effects. Levels of endostatin, a fragment of collagen type XVIII, increase in certain
cardiac diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. However, the
influence of endostatin on cardiac contraction has not been clarified. In the present
study, we investigated the effects of endostatin on bradykinin-induced atrial contraction.
Isometric contractile force of mouse isolated left atria induced by electrical current
pulse was measured. Voltage-dependent calcium current of guinea pig ventricular myocytes
was measured by a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Endostatin (100–1,000
ng/ml) alone treatment had no influence on left atrial
contraction. On the other hand, pretreatment with endostatin (300
ng/ml) significantly inhibited bradykinin (1
µM)-induced contraction and voltage-dependent calcium current. These
data suggest that endostatin may decrease bradykinin-induced cardiac contraction perhaps
through the inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channel. 相似文献
19.
Karol A. Mathews DVM DVSc DACVECC Gabrielle Monteith BSc 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2007,17(2):149-158
Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) diltiazem as a treatment for acute renal failure (ARF) secondary to leptospirosis in dogs. Design: Retrospective study Animals: Eighteen dogs with ARF caused by Leptospira spp treated during the months of September to December (1998–2001). Procedure: All dogs treated for ARF caused by Leptospira spp were enrolled in the study and were treated with standard care consisting of IV fluids, +/? furosemide, and antibiotics. With owner consent some dogs were treated with diltiazem at 0.1–0.5 mg/kg (0.045–0.22 mg/lb) IV slowly, followed by 1–5 μg/kg/minutes (0.45–2.2 mg/lb/minutes) constant rate infusion. Outcome measures were compared between the 2 groups (diltiazem versus standard). Diltiazem was administered within 60 hours of admission until serum creatinine fell into the normal range or stabilized. The primary outcome measurement of safety was systolic blood pressure (SBP). The primary measurement of efficacy outcome was the rate and magnitude of reduction of serum creatinine Results: Eleven out of 18 dogs received diltiazem. The rate of reduction in creatinine in the diltiazem group was 1.76 times faster than the standard group (P=0.054). Recovery of renal function showed a trend towards significant association with treatment group (exact P=0.08, odds ratio=3.62). This effect may be clinically relevant. Diltiazem had no clinically relevant effect on SBP. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Renal recovery in dogs with acute renal failure secondary to leptospirosis is improved with the administration of diltiazem in addition to ‘standard’ therapy. 相似文献
20.
Cornish J Angelos J Puschner B Miller G George L 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(4):586-589
CASE DESCRIPTION: A closed herd of 400 mixed-breed dairy goats was examined because of a decrease in milk production and increase in mortality rate. Nine animals had died within a 1-month period. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs were evident only in lactating goats and included anorexia and recumbency. In the most severely affected goats, signs progressed to neurologic abnormalities and death. Serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and total bilirubin concentration were high in clinically affected does, but no evidence of hemolysis was found. A diagnosis of copper toxicosis was made on the basis of high liver and kidney copper concentrations and histologic evidence of hepatic necrosis. Goats were found to have been fed a mineral mix containing 3,050 ppm copper for 9 months prior to the onset of copper toxicosis. Overall, there was no consistent relationship between serum hepatic enzyme activities, serum copper concentration, and liver copper concentration. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Clinically affected goats were treated with penicillamine, ammonium molybdate, sodium thiosulfate, and vitamin E. Penicillamine increased urine copper excretion in treated does versus untreated control animals. An increased incidence of infectious disease was identified in the herd 9 months later. Liver vitamin E concentration was low in 10 of the 12 goats that underwent necropsy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that penicillamine may be an effective treatment for goats with copper toxicosis. Production losses months after the diagnosis was made suggested that the intoxication had a prolonged animal welfare and economic impacts. 相似文献