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1.
湖南省云山自然保护区蕨类植物的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
邓云飞 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,22(2):58-61
在调查湖南省云山自然保护区植物的基础上,对该区的蕨类植物进行了初步的分析.云山共有蕨类植物34科,67属,137种.其区系结构表现出如下几个方面的特征①地理成分多样,属和种分别分为13和12个分布区类型;②在科和属的水平上,热带成分占优势,但在种的水平上,亚热带成分占绝对优势,这些种类大都是以我国长江流域为其分布区中心,是以亚热带为其分布中心的温带成分,云山蕨类植物区系属于温带性质,是泛北极植物区的组成部分,与热带蕨类植物区系也有一定的亲缘关系;③有30种为中国特有分布,并有1个中国特有属;④东亚成分有70种,其中全东亚分布13种,中国-喜玛拉雅分布12种,中国-日本分布45种,云山处于中国-喜玛拉雅和中国-日本成分的交汇地区;⑤属内种系贫乏,单种属有38个,2～4种的少种属有23个,而含5种或5种以上的属仅有6个. 相似文献
2.
雅砻江上游地区地处青藏高原东南部,横断山区西北地带,在中国植物区系划分中属于泛北极植物区,中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区中的横断山脉植物地区.该流域种子植物有81科,共有8个分布型6个变型,世界分布有35科,占雅砻江上游地区总科数的43.2%;热带分布有23科,占该流域总科教的28.4%,其中以泛热带分布科为主,有14科(含有3科分属两变型),占该流域热带总科数的60.9%;温带分布共有23科,占该流域总科数的28.4%.其中以北温带分布占绝对优势,有20科(含有13科分属两变型),占该流域温带总科数的87.0%.种子植物属可划分出15个类型,18个变型,分别占中国15个分布区类型和31个分布区变型的100%和58.1%,体现出了该流域种子植物属的区系地理成分的复杂性和多样性,温带分布有298属,占该流域总属数71.1%,其中以北温带分布占绝对优势,有141属;排第二位的是东亚分布,共有52属,中国-喜马拉雅成分就占了33属;排第三位的是旧世界温带分布,有50属;中国特有属有15个,占该流域总属教的3.6%.统计结果显示:热带成分的科和温带成分的科相当;种子植物属的区系以温带成分为绝对优势,并与热带区系具有一定的亲缘关系,其东亚成分以中国-喜马拉雅区系为主,具有显著的特有性. 相似文献
3.
福建茫荡山自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
福建茫荡山蕨类植物区系研究结果表明:①该区共有蕨类植物130种(含变种和变型)隶属于35科61属,其中水龙骨科、鳞毛蕨科、凤尾蕨科等少数几个科构成了该区的优势科,凤尾蕨属、卷柏属、鳞毛蕨属、瘤足蕨属等属构成了优势属;②从科、属分布区类型的所占比例来看,该地区区系性质以热带成分占优势;③该地区蕨类植物区系起源古老,有各种原始成分;同时又有一定数量的较进化的和处于两者之间的科、属,表明该地区的蕨类植物在系统发育或进化关系上的连贯性;④该地区的特有现象不明显;⑤福建茫荡山、广东石门台、浙江磐安和江西九连山这四者之间在蕨类植物区系分布上联系比较紧密;⑥发现12种蕨类植物在该区的新分布。 相似文献
4.
在文献和实地调查基础上,统计分析了小溪国家级自然保护区蕨类植物区系特征及其与相邻区系间的关系。结果表明:(1)该区蕨类植物丰富,共有蕨类植物34科、77属、273种(含变种),优势科为鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、蹄盖蕨科等5科,优势属为鳞毛蕨属、蹄盖蕨属、铁角蕨属等18属,但属内分化程度较低;(2)科和属的地理成分均以热带成分为主,说明小溪与热带联系紧密,但种的地理成分以温带性质的亚热带山地成分为主,其中尤以东亚成分中的中国—喜马拉雅型占绝对优势(占小溪总种数的38.5%);(3)在相邻6个蕨类植物区系中,物种的丰富程度由高到低依次为井冈山、梵净山、壶瓶山、小溪、八大公山、猛洞河;小溪蕨类植物区系与壶瓶山、梵净山蕨类植物区系关系密切,与八大公山、井冈山蕨类植物区系关系较为密切,与猛洞河蕨类区系关系较疏远。 相似文献
5.
四川盆地西缘湿性常绿阔叶林区木本植物区系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在调查的基础上,结合有关文献和植物标本资料,对生态地位极其重要的四川盆地西缘湿性常绿阔叶林区的木本植物区系进行了分析研究。结果表明：该区木本植物丰富,有111科440属l559种,317亚种、变种和变型,其中蕨类植物1科1属1种;裸子植物8科18属30种;被子植物102科421属l845种。该区具有占主导地位的大科,拥有大量属种,但大部分科内属、种贫乏,以热带性质的科占优势;该区440属可划分为14个分布区类型和19个分布区变型,区系成分复杂;植物区系起源古老,珍稀濒危树木和特有木本植物繁多;热带成分稍多于温带成分,这与该区为常绿阔叶林地带以及该区所处的地理位置相吻合,也表明该区木本植物区系具有显著的过渡性。 相似文献
6.
福建省蕨类植物区系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对福建省蕨类植物的区系组成和地理成分进行了分析,其结果表明:(1)福建省共有蕨类植物46科、107属、396种,优势科为鳞毛蕨科、金星蕨科、水龙骨科、蹄盖蕨科、铁角蕨科和凤尾蕨科等11个科,优势属为鳞毛蕨属、毛蕨属和凤尾蕨属等;(2)从蕨类植物科、属分布区类型所占比例来看,该地区区系性质以热带成分为主;而从种的地理成分来看,则表现为热带成分与东亚成分的综合体,以中国特有种、中国-日本分布、热带亚洲最为丰富,反映了东亚与热带亚洲的蕨类植物区系的统一性及紧密联系;(3)区系起源古老。 相似文献
7.
武夷山自然保护区蕨类植物物种多样性与区系的研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
在野外调查和整理资料的基础上 ,调查分析了武夷山自然保护区蕨类植物的区系组成和分布类型。结果表明 :福建武夷山国家级自然保护区共有蕨类植物 4 0科、92属、2 95种和 9变种 2变型 ;主要科为鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、铁角蕨科、卷柏科、凤尾蕨科 ,主要属为鳞毛蕨属、铁角蕨属、蹄盖蕨属、卷柏属、复叶耳蕨属、凤尾蕨属、瓦韦属。具有10个分布区类型 ,科的分布类型以泛热带分布及其变型为主 ;属以泛热带分布及其变型为最多 ;种类以东亚分布类型和特有成分为主 ,表现出亚热带的特点。与周边 7个地区蕨类植物区系相似性和丰富度的比较表明 ,与武夷山蕨类植物区系亲缘关系最近的是安徽九华山 ;武夷山的蕨类丰富度比纬度位置高的江西庐山、安徽黄山和浙江天目山大。武夷山拥有 92种中国特有蕨类及一些珍稀蕨类植物 ,有很高的保护价值 相似文献
8.
东北蕨类植物计２４科５１属１４０余种、变种，是中国北方蕨类多样性最丰富的地区。根据属的现代地理分布，东北蕨类植物可划分成７种地理成分，其中以北温带成分和东亚成分所占比例最大，反映了本区系的温带性质。区系中包含了东北亚蕨类植物区系的２个特有属，３０个特有种，是东北亚蕨类植物区系的中心区域。本区系与周围蕨类植物区系存在着广泛而复杂的联系：与朝鲜的共有种多达１０４种，与日本的共有种达１００种，与俄罗斯远东的共有种为８１种，与华北地区的共有种７２种，与秦岭地区的共有种７０种，与蒙古的共有种５３种，与西伯利亚的共有种４６种，与北美洲及欧洲的共有种各为３９种。根据蕨类植物的分布特点和种类组成，将东北蕨类植物区系划分成４个区，即长白、大兴安岭、蒙古、华北蕨类植物区。长白区有蔬类植物１２４种，东北亚特有成分主要分布于本区，是东北蕨类植物区系的中心区域；华北区有蕨类植物８７种，喜温喜热成分较多，反映了东北蕨类植物一定的热带、亚热带亲缘；大兴安岭区有蕨类植物４３种；蒙古区有蕨类植物近３０种，多耐寒、耐旱种类。东北蕨类植物的垂直分布带谱是很明显的，以长白山为例，海拔５００ｍ以下为落叶林蕨类植物带，海拔５００—１０００ｍ为暗针叶林 相似文献
9.
在野外调查与资料查阅的基础上,对福建牛姆林自然保护区蕨类植物资源进行区系分析。结果表明:该区约有蕨类植物33科55属92种,主要科为水龙骨科、金星蕨科、乌毛蕨科、凤尾蕨科、卷柏科、蹄盖蕨科等;优势属为凤尾蕨属、卷柏属、线蕨属等;中华里白、金毛狗、福建莲座蕨、乌毛蕨、狗脊蕨等具有热带和亚热带性质的蕨类构成了天然林的主要草本层与林缘。科的分布区类型只有6个,热带分布型有22科,占总科数95.65%(世界分布除外);属的分布区类型有9个,热带分布型有41属,占总属数(世界分布除外)的93.18%,R/T值为13.67;种的地理分布分属7个类型,以热带分布成分(47.19%)、东亚分布成分(33.71%)、中国特有成分(17.98%)突出。在中国蕨类植物区系分区上,牛姆林自然保护区属东亚蕨类植物区,处于华东-华中植物地区与华南植物地区的过渡区域。 相似文献
10.
根据调查和统计,从科、属、种水平对上海蕨类植物区系特征和性质进行了分析,结果表明:上海有蕨类植物57种(含种下等级),隶属于23科、34属。其地理成分较简单,本区23个科,可划分为3个类型;34个属,可划分为6个类型及2个变型;57个种,可划分为8个类型及2个亚型。热带性质的分布类型共有13属,温带性质的分布类型共有9属,植物区系热带性质明显,并与温带成分有较广泛的联系,具有较强的热带、亚热带向温带的过渡性质。通过与邻近城市苏州、无锡和南京的比较发现,上海蕨类植物区系与苏州有较大的亲缘关系。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献