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1.
大豆种质资源对SMV3号株系的抗性鉴定 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本研究对３４８份大豆种质资源,包括“七五”、“八五”鉴定出的抗源,各地推广品种及国外引进品种,人工汁液摩擦法接种ＳＭＶ３号株系进行抗性鉴定。鉴定结果表明,１１３份资源表现为高抗ＳＭＶ３,占３２．４７％,１１３份表现为中抗,占３２．４７％,１２２份感病,占３５．０６％。抗源主要来自于东北春作大豆区和黄淮海夏作大豆区,本实验南方大豆产区资源抗性较弱。高抗资源主要来源于辽宁、山东、山西、北京以及美国和韩国。不同品种接种后的症状类型不同,表明症状反应是品种与株系互作的结果。国外引进资源接种后顶枯症状较多,表明症状反应和品种的地理来源有一定关系。本文还分析了美国一些抗源对ＳＭＶ３的抗性反应及抗性基因的关系。 相似文献
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对SMV不同抗性的大豆品种体内过氧化物酶活性变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用ＳＭＶ－ａ析系为毒源接种３人不同抗性类型的大豆品种，在接种后８，２４，４８，７小时及在３，６，９，１２，１５，１８ １１次连续取样与相应ＣＫ一并测定过氧化物酶的活性后发现：未经接种的抗感品种体内ＰＯ酶活性差异较大，病品种中ＰＯ酶活性水平高于抗性品种２倍以上。 相似文献
3.
抗大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种骨干亲本抗性差异分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
研究对抗大豆孢囊线虫病育种中常用的40份骨干亲本进行4号生理小种抗性鉴定，其中感病品种30份，黄粒抗病品系2份，黑粒抗病品系2份，黑粒抗源6份。结果表明：品种间的抗性有极显著差异；抗性的主要差异首先出现在抗性和非抗性品种之间，其次出现在非抗性品种内；抗源材料的抗性非常稳定；亲本对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性呈连续性变化，符合正态分布规律。抗性愈强的品种抗性愈稳定，抗性愈弱的品种抗性愈易受环境的影响。大豆抗大豆孢囊线虫的广义遗传力约为53．9％。 相似文献
4.
在人工接种江苏大豆花叶病毒（ＳＭＶ）ＳＡ株系条件下，研究了ＳＭＶ对１９个抗性不同的大豆品种９个主要性状的影响。结果表明，１３个感病品种在苗期接种ＳＡ后，除根瘤数外其余８个性状均与对照有极显著差异，受ＳＭＶ影响的程度从大至小依次为单株粒重、单株叶面积、根瘤重、茎叶干重、根干重、种子褐斑粒率、株高、百粒重。抗病品种９个性状均与对照无显著差异。感病品种在苗期与花期分别接种ＳＡ后，褐斑粒率、百粒重、单株粒重有极显著差异，早期感染ＳＭＶ其危害大于中后期感染． 相似文献
5.
导入外源总DNA获得优质高蛋白和双高大豆新品系 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
本文报道了利用大豆自花受粉后形成的花粉管通道，将外源野生大豆总ＤＮＡ直接导入受体栽培大品种中，其中一组合（Ｄ８７０１）获得的导入后代Ｄ８９－９８２，蛋白南含量比受体提高了近２个百分点，球蛋白总量提高近１０个百分点，并使其与大豆加工品质密切相关的１１Ｓ球蛋白组分所占比例超过了７０％该品系经品比和异地鉴定，产量比标准品种提高１１％，于１９９５年进入省区域试验；另一组合（Ｄ８７０５）的导入后代Ｄ９０－１ 相似文献
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栽培大豆种质资源对大豆菌核病的抗性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用离体叶柄接种法鉴定了200份栽培大豆高世代品系对大豆菌核病菌株Jia30和Jian29的抗感反应.结果表明:在所有的参鉴材料中没有发现免疫类型,但各品系间抗性有一定的差异.供试200个品系中既表现抗Jia30菌株义表现抗Jian29菌株的材料占供试材料的2%;抗Jia30菌株的材料占3%;抗Jian29菌株的材料占5%,根据抗性资源筛选结果,这些抗性材料可合理地用于大豆生产,并为大豆抗病育种亲本选择和利用品种布局进行大豆菌核病生态控制提供了依据. 相似文献
8.
外源总DNA导入培育大豆新品系D89—9822及其育种价值初探 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以栽培大豆品系６２９６－３为受体、半野生大豆龙７９－３４３３－１为供体，采用外源ＤＮＡ导入的方法培育成功Ｄ８９－９８２２。该品系具有高产、品质优良、抗病性强等特点，产量比受体增产４４．９％，比标准品种增产１０．５％。蛋白质含量７年（１９８９－１９９５）平均较受体增长近２个百分点，球蛋白总量较受体提高近１０个百分点，并使其与大豆加工品质密切相关的１１Ｓ球蛋白组分所占比例超过７０％。１９９６年参加生产 相似文献
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用基于PCR的分子标记分析甘蓝型油菜抗感菌核病品系间的遗传距离 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
用离体叶接种法鉴定了甘蓝型油菜选系对菌核病的抗感性，结果表明绝大多数抗性品系与感病品种间的差异达到显著或极显著水平。以两种基于ＰＣＲ的标记估计所选１０ 份材料间的遗传距离。１９ 个随机引物扩增出了２６ 条重复性很好的ＲＡＰＤ 标记，１ 对依据植物Ｒ基因的ＮＢＳ区段设计的简并引物扩增出了３ 条多态性的带。依据２９ 个标记进行聚类分析，结果表明抗、感性材料在遗传距离为０．１２０６ 处被明显地区分开。５份抗性材料中，宁ＲＳ—１ 与中油８２１、中Ｒ８８８ 等其它抗性品系的遗传距离较远 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献