共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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基于第七次、第八次全国森林资源清查结果,对全国过疏、过密的林分状况进行了专题分析。结果表明：全国过疏过密林分面积比例较大,占乔木林面积的1／3,主要分布在天然林中;清查间隔期内,过密林面积小幅增加,过疏林面积基本保持稳定;自然生长是导致天然林过密的主要原因,采伐和森林灾害是造成林分过疏的主要原因。林分过疏过密问题突出,急待需要通过加强森林经营、改善林分结构来提高森林质量。针对过疏过密林分形成的不同原因,综合考虑立地条件、地表覆盖,以及林分起源、林种、林龄和林木生长状况,从抚育间伐、补植、封山育林、采伐更新和管护等方面提出了加强森林经营管理的对策措施。 相似文献
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抚育间伐是培育森林的一项重要措施。很早曾被公认过,通过抚育间伐可以加速林木生长、缩短工艺成材期、改善森林卫生状况、提高林木质量和单位面积木材产量,增强林木抵抗自然灾害的能力,获得间伐材,减少木材损失,并能提前获得经济收益。因此,抚育间伐问题,日益 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(11)
【目的】研究抚育间伐对黄龙山辽东栎林木形质的影响,为林木形质评价体系、黄土高原辽东栎抚育间伐提供理论依据。【方法】在黄土高原黄龙山林区辽东栎林设置抚育间伐试验样地,开展重度(保留郁闭度0.6)、中度(保留郁闭度0.7)和轻度(保留郁闭度0.8)间伐,同时设置对照样地(郁闭度0.9)。为了保持郁闭度不变,每隔3年进行1次抚育间伐。以生长情况(树高平均生长量、胸径年均生长量、冠径比、健康状况)、干形情况(高径比、尖削度、通直度、分杈情况)和侧枝情况(自然整枝能力、侧枝数、枝粗指数、侧枝平均基径)作为辽东栎林木形质评价指标,运用层次分析法构建辽东栎林木形质评价体系,对3种抚育间伐强度(重度、中度、轻度间伐)与对照下辽东栎林木形质进行综合评价。【结果】干形情况对辽东栎林木形质的影响最大,贡献率占0.653;生长情况对其影响次之,贡献率占0.285;侧枝情况对其影响较小,贡献率仅占0.062;12个评价指标在辽东栎林木形质评价中的权重大小依次为:通直度(0.344 6)分杈情况(0.227 1)健康状况(0.190 7)胸径年均生长量(0.051 3)高径比(0.046 3)自然整枝能力(0.037 7)尖削度(0.035 2)树高平均生长量(0.031 6)侧枝平均基径(0.012 6)冠径比(0.011 4)枝粗指数(0.008 9)侧枝数(0.003 0);综合评价得分依次为:中度间伐(92.892)轻度间伐(83.314)重度间伐(79.644)对照(74.376),林木形质得分随间伐强度增加先增加后减少,中度间伐得分最高,林木形质最好。【结论】抚育间伐可改善辽东栎林木形质,评价指标树高平均生长量、健康状况随间伐强度增加而增加,高径比随间伐强度增加而减少;与对照相比,中度、重度间伐对冠径比、侧枝数、侧枝平均基径影响显著,间伐对通直度、分杈情况有显著影响;中度间伐(保留郁闭度0.7)对改善辽东栎林木形质的作用最大,轻度间伐(保留郁闭度0.8)次之,重度间伐(保留郁闭度0.6)最小,可为黄土高原辽东栎抚育间伐技术提供依据。利用层次分析法构建辽东栎林木形质评价体系,可为其他树种形质评价提供借鉴。 相似文献
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过密杨树速生丰产林分,通过间伐可为林木生长创造良好环境,能显著增加林木生长量,采伐强度应根据林地的立地指数、林分密度、树种和培育目标这四项因子来确定,才能充分发挥林分的经济效益。 相似文献
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为了提高杨树人工林过密林分的经济效益,该研究以欧美107杨(Populus×euramericana)为研究对象,以株行距为3m×2m的林分为例,进行了不同间伐时间和间伐配置的试验(间伐强度为50%),并对其生长情况及经济效益进行了调查与分析。结果表明:(1)3m×2m林分在造林后第2年生长受到抑制,于第5年开始显著下降。(2)间伐时间能够显著影响林分的胸径、单株材积和单位面积蓄积,一般间伐时间越早越有利于林分生长;间伐配置对林分生长影响不显著,但表现出品字配置略优于矩形配置。(3)间伐时间能够显著影响林分经济效益,但未表现出明显的规律性;间伐配置对林分经济效益影响不显著,但表现出品字配置略大于矩形配置。各间伐处理中以造林后第3年品字间伐配置净收益最大,为(25973±2256)元/hm~2,比不间伐林分(CK)提高了27.4%。因此,建议对于3m×2m林分,于造林后第3年采用品字配置进行间伐。 相似文献
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Masato Shibuya Hanayo Hasaba Takashi Yajima Kunihide Takahashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(1):15-20
We tested the effects of thinning on allometry and needle-age distribution in natural stands of Abies sachalinensis Masters by comparing a thinned stand to an unthinned, control stand. Specifically, we attempted to clarify how allometry was altered after a thinning. We assumed that the needle-age distribution of trees in the thinned stand would show a younger composition than in the control stand, given the effect of improved light conditions on needle dynamics following a thinning. These investigations were conducted in dense Abies stands located in central Hokkaido, northern Japan, 19 years post-thinning. In the thinned stand, the ratio of individual needle mass to stem mass increased significantly, as compared to the control. A difference in the H–DBH relationship between the stands was probably related to this tendency. Mean needle age of trees differed significantly between the two stands, and the thinned stand showed a younger needle age than the control. Within each stand, dominant trees showed older mean needle age than codominant or suppressed trees. These tendencies may have been caused by differential needle dynamics affected by light conditions in the stands, and by different crown positions among the trees within a stand. In summary, trees in the thinned stand showed increased growth rates after thinning, which were caused by increased needle mass, younger composition of needles, and improved light conditions. 相似文献
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利用黑龙江省孟家岗林场长白落叶松人工林间伐标准地定位观测数据,其于间伐林分断面积与相同年龄、相同立地、相同保留木株数的未间伐林分面积,随时间趋于一致的假设,根据未间伐人工林林分断面积生长的一般预测模型导出了间伐林分的断面积生长预测模型,同时,结合抚育间伐技术批示的确定,进行和林分的动态模拟。 相似文献
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This study considered the effects of thinning on the development of compression wood in stems of 35-year-old stand of Corsican
pine (Pinus nigra L.). Part of the stand had been thinned at 5-yearly intervals and part left unthinned. Twenty trees each from the thinned
and unthinned stands were randomly selected and felled. Measurements were made on tree height, stem diameter, stem slenderness
and canopy depth. Wood samples were removed from the central part of the main log and cross-sectional measurements made on
ring width, basic density and compression wood content. Cross-sectional area of compression wood was found to be three time
higher in stems from the unthinned trees in comparison with those from the thinned trees. No significant differences in mean
radial ring width or basic density were found between treatments. Correlations indicated that, with increasing in stem diameter,
compression wood content increased in the unthinned trees, while a decline in compression was observed in the thinned trees.
Tree height was also positively correlated with compression wood content in unthinned trees, while no equivalent relationship
was observed in thinned trees. Observations from this study, while not conclusive, suggest that phototropic stimulus may be
producing stem inclinations in the unthinned stand as trees compete for space in the canopy, whereas crown competition has
been largely eliminated in the thinned stand; and that this is responsible for compression wood levels recorded in this study. 相似文献
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Claudio Petucco Frank Søndergaard Jensen Henrik Meilby 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(1):81-90
This study compared visitor preferences of forestry professionals across six European countries (Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, Austria, Romania and Portugal) using a questionnaire survey. The 598 interviewees were asked to rank photographs depicting recently thinned experimental plots in a 13-year old stand of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) according to the criterion: “Which forest environment do you prefer as a visitor?” The plots represented five different residual stem densities: 7000 (no thinning, very high stem density), 5300 (heavy thinning, high stem density), 1000 (very heavy thinning, medium stem density), 300 (extremely heavy thinning, low stem density/open stand) and 100 (solitary trees, very low stem density/very open stand) stems ha?1. The results indicated geographical variation in the preferences for different thinning practices in young stands of oak. Portuguese, Austrian and Romanian respondents generally favoured thinned, but dense stands, whereas Danish and British respondents preferred very heavily thinned stands. Swedish respondents preferred open stands resulting from extremely heavy thinning. Photographs taken along rows were favoured to photographs across rows, indicating a preference for scenes offering perspective and accessibility. The results indicate a variation of visitor preferences among forestry professionals for different silvicultural regimes. We interpret this in the context of national traditions and forestry paradigms that influence the shaping of preferences. 相似文献
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Differences in stem respiration responses to temperature between balsam fir trees in thinned and unthinned stands 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Lavigne MB 《Tree physiology》1987,3(3):225-233
The change in stem respiration rates with change of temperature was significantly lower in a recently thinned balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stand than in an unthinned stand. A comparison of respiration measurements made in the morning with those made in the afternoon indicated that there was more variation among afternoon readings and greater responses to changes in temperature among morning readings. Lower respiration rates in the afternoon were more common in the thinned stand than in the unthinned stand. 相似文献
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该项试验共分2个部分.(1)造林密度试验,小区面积为600
m2,5个处理,即1 667株.hm-2(A)、3 333株.hm-2(B)、4～983株.hm-2(C)、6 633株.hm-2(D)、9967株.hm-2(E);(2)造林密度调控试验,造林设计方法与造林密度试验相同,但在林分生长过程中,按密度管理图的密管线0.5为标准进行间伐,间伐后保留密度要与临近的下一个初植密度较稀植的林分密度基本相同,两者进行比较.试验结果(1)造林密度试验,优势高、平均高、平均胸径均随年龄的增加而递增,随密度的增加而递减,优势高9a、平均高6
a、平均胸径5 a,密度间差异已达显著性水平;林分蓄积量则随年龄增加而递增,5～7
a,密度间差异显著,8～18a,只有A密度与E、D密度差异显著;枝下高随密度、年龄的增加而递增,12～a后,C、D、E密度间的差异很小;冠幅随密度的增加而递减,随年龄的增加而递增,9～10a后,各密度则随年龄增加而缓慢递减.(2)造林密度调控试验,同一指数级,间伐后的林分与其密度基本相同未间伐的林分比较,其优势高、平均高差异不明显;立木蓄积前者小于后者;总蓄积(立木蓄积+间伐蓄积)前者大于后者;同一指数级,初植密度不同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐林分的蓄积百分比,初植密度大的大于初植密度小的;指数级不同,而初植密度相同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐的林分总蓄积百分比,高指数级的比值大于低指数级的比值. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):483-492
Altogether 82 plots (261 estimations) of Picea abies (L.) Karst, and 193 plots (360 estimations) of Pinus sylvestris (L.) stands were estimated by a vertical tube. The “crown free projection”, CFP, of stands thinned in three methods with different thinning grades was measured: unthinned, heavily and very heavily thinned, heavily thinned delayed first thinning, extra heavily thinned and thinned from the top. Basal area (m2ha?1) density (stems ha?1) and diameter sum (m ha?1) were plotted against CFP. Basal area was the best practical measure of stand in this study. Generally Scots pine stands have higher CFP and the curves are steeper than in Norway spruce stands. Depending on the grade of thinning, heavily and very heavily thinned spruce stands, delayed first thinning included, have CFP values of 10–15% and stands thinned from the top, 20–40%, compared with 30–80% and 30–60% respectively in pine stands. Extra heavily thinned stands have the highest CFP, 20–80% in spruce and 50–90% in pine stands. The CFP levels after thinning are too high in pine stands for avoidance of sucker and sprout production of aspen and birch. In dense Norway spruce stands thinned from the top or heavily and very heavily thinned, the CFP values are low enough (≤30%) to diminish the production of suckers. 相似文献
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Influence of conventional and chemical thinning on stand structure and diversity of plant and mammal communities in young lodgepole pine forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thomas P. Sullivan Druscilla S. Sullivan Pontus M. F. Lindgren Jacob O. Boateng 《Forest Ecology and Management》2002,170(1-3):173-187
Silvicultural practices that provide a wide variety of vegetative composition and structure (habitats) in young stands should help manage for biological diversity across forested landscapes. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that: (i) abundance and diversity of stand structure attributes (species diversity and structural diversity of herb, shrub and tree layers) and forest floor small mammal communities, and (ii) relative habitat use by large herbivores, will increase from unthinned to conventionally thinned to chemically thinned stands of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest. Replicate study areas were located near Summerland, Kelowna and Williams Lake in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Each study area had three treatments: a conventionally thinned, a chemically thinned and an unthinned stand. Pre-commercial thinning was conducted in 1993. Coniferous stand structure and understory vegetation were measured prior to thinning in 1993 and 5 years later in 1998. Small mammal populations were sampled intensively from 1993 to 1998. Relative habitat use by large herbivores was sampled in 1998.
Our results indicate that chemical thinning of young lodgepole pine stands produced an aggregated pattern of crop trees compared with stands subjected to conventional thinning. Diameter growth of crop trees in the chemically thinned stands was similar to that in the conventionally thinned, but also to that in unthinned stands. Although horizontal stratification (aggregates of trees) was enhanced, vertical stratification (structural diversity of vegetation) was less in the chemically than conventionally thinned stands. Abundance and diversity of understory vegetation and small mammal communities were generally unaffected by stand thinning in these particular installations. Relative habitat use by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) occurred in a gradient from highest in the conventionally thinned stand to lowest in the unthinned stand. Habitat use by snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) tended to have the opposite trend. Moose (Alces alces) exhibited no difference in habitat use among stands. Thus, although there were few differences among treatment stands, chemical thinning could be used to develop an aggregated pattern of crop trees in pre-commercially thinned stands to maintain habitat for herbivores such as snowshoe hares and mule deer. Understory plant and forest floor small mammal communities would be maintained in these stands as well. 相似文献
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We studied the effects of line thinning on stand structure, microclimate and understory species diversity of two Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantations in south-central Japan. In each of two study sites we compared stand structure between the thinned stand
and an adjacent unthinned stand and found that line thinning increased the growth rate of residual trees such that stand basal
area may recover within 10 years after thinning. In the thinned stand, more open canopy conditions resulted in higher maximum
temperatures on the forest floor during the early growing season than in the unthinned stand. The thinned stand had greater
understory plant species richness and biomass than the unthinned stand. This study suggested that line thinning could potentially
enhance biodiversity while simultaneously increasing tree-growth rates in overstocked Cryptomeria japonica plantations. 相似文献