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1.
以光周期处理与分期播种试验综合鉴定大豆品种的光温反应 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
设置短日照(12 h)和长日照(16 h)两种光周期处理,并以春播模拟低温、夏播模拟高温条件,形成长日+低温、长日+高温、短日+低温、短日+高温4种光温组合。2007年对近年育成的10个北方春大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]品种(系)和18个黄淮海夏大豆品种(系)进行了光温反应特性鉴定。2008年对50份材料进行了光周期反应鉴定。结果表明,不论在低温(春播)还是高温(夏播)条件下,短日照均加快大豆的发育进程,导致开花提前;不论在长日照还是短日照条件下,高温均减少出苗至初花的日数。光周期和温度对大豆的发育存在明显的互作,随着温度的升高,短日照促进大豆发育的效应有所加强;随着日照的缩短,高温加快发育的作用也有所增大。供试大豆品种生态类型在光周期反应敏感度(PRS)、温度反应敏感度(TRS)及光温综合反应敏感度(PTCRS)等方面均存在显著差异。北方春大豆品种的上述3个指标均小于黄淮海夏大豆品种,但前者在不同光照条件下的温度反应敏感度差值和在不同温度条件下的光周期反应敏感度差值均较后者高,说明北方春大豆品种光温互作效应较强。 相似文献
2.
为利用低温半致死温度(LT50)快速鉴定评价甜椒的抗寒性,本研究以‘多福’甜椒叶片为试材,通过测定不同低温强度(12℃,8℃,4℃,0℃,-4℃)和不同处理时间(0 h,1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,16 h,24 h)下的相对电导率(REC)变化情况,分析温度和处理时间对REC的影响,并拟合应用Logistic方程计算其LT50。研究结果表明,甜椒叶片REC随处理温度的降低和处理时间的延长呈现逐渐上升趋势,当低温处理8 h以上时,甜椒叶片REC均随着处理温度的降低而呈"S"形上升,其变化规律符合Logistic方程,拟合度R2在0.975~0.980范围内,由此计算出"S"形拐点对应的温度即为甜椒叶片的LT50,其值在6.36℃~8.71℃之间,这可作为鉴定评价甜椒抗寒性的重要指标,为进一步研究甜椒品种的抗寒性及抗寒品种的选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
不同光温条件谷子光温互作模式研究及SiCCT基因表达分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
JIA Xiao-Ping YUAN Xi-Lei LI Jian-Feng WANG Yong-Fang ZHANG Xiao-Mei ZHANG Bo QUAN Jian-Zhang DONG Zhi-Ping 《作物学报》2020,46(7):1052-1062
光周期和温度是影响作物生长发育、生态适应性和产量的2个重要环境因素,揭示光温互作对作物生长发育的效应及其分子机制对育种实践和理论研究具有重要意义。本研究设置长日照高温、长日照低温、短日照高温、短日照低温4个光温处理,调查‘黄毛谷’抽穗期、株高、叶片数和穗长。结果表明,光周期对谷子的发育起关键作用,温度的改变不影响长日照比短日照延迟谷子生殖生长的效应,温度的作用随光周期的不同而异,短日照条件下,高温缩短谷子营养生长期而低温延长营养生长期,长日照条件下则相反;对谷子生殖生长的促迚作用是短日照高温短日照低温长日照低温长日照高温。利用RT-PCR技术从‘黄毛谷’叶片兊隆了一个CCT结构域基因(SiCCT),该基因编码286个氨基酸,属于CMF亚家族成员,基于CCT域基因氨基酸序列的系统迚化分析,谷子与高粱、玉米亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现, SiCCT基因在‘黄毛谷’叶片中高表达,其次为幼穗和叶鞘;长日照、短日照处理SiCCT基因均表现24h昼夜节律性特点,短日照七叶期表达水平最高,八叶期(抽穗)及穗后表达迅速降低,长日照七叶至十叶期‘黄毛谷’处于营养生长期,SiCCT基因维持较高表达水平;无论高温低温,长日照条件下SiCCT基因在各叶期表达量整体高于短日照处理,长日照条件下低温处理SiCCT基因的相对表达量明显低于高温处理, SiCCT基因的总体表达量与‘黄毛谷’营养生长期存在正相关。总之SiCCT基因受光周期调控,同时也受温度调控,因而推测SiCCT基因参与了光周期途径和感温性途径,并通过二者互作调控谷子营养生长和生殖生长的全过程。 相似文献
4.
5.
梭罗草种子适宜萌发条件的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用不同处理方法:①恒温20、25、30℃和变温15～25℃(每天高温8 h,低温16 h)的不同温度处理,②低温层积处理(分别冷藏30、60、90 d),③98%的浓硫酸溶液处理,④0.20%的硝酸钾溶液处理,⑤0.25%的氢氧化钠溶液处理,研究不同处理对梭罗草种子发芽率、发芽势和种子活力指数的影响.结果表明:不同温度处理、低温层积处理、不同化学药剂处理对梭罗草种子的萌发有显著影响.98%的浓硫酸溶液中浸泡90 s的处理能提高其发芽率和发芽势,低温层积处理能提高发芽势. 相似文献
6.
《华北农学报》2021,36(5)
为了揭示SiCCT基因可能的功能效应,并进一步研究该基因在光温互作调控谷子开花过程中所起的作用。以光周期敏感谷子品种黄毛谷为材料,利用荧光定量PCR技术分析了SiCCT基因在长日照高温(LD,27℃)、长日照低温(LD,22℃)、短日照高温(SD,27℃)、短日照低温(SD,22℃)4个光温组合条件下的昼夜表达规律,并在连续2 a调查10个主要农艺性状的基础上,开展了基于候选基因的关联分析。结果表明,光照期SiCCT基因表达不受温度影响,长日照条件表达水平整体高于短日照,而黑暗期表达受温度影响,特别是短日照条件下SiCCT基因在低温环境的表达水平明显高于高温环境。基于候选基因关联分析发现,SiCCT基因中共检测到11个多态性位点与8个主要农艺性状显著关联(P0.05),其中SNP-10在河南洛阳、吉林吉林与抽穗期、叶片数和穗粒质量显著关联;SNP-100和SNP-104在河南洛阳同时都关联到株高、叶片数和穗长3个性状;SNP-51连续2 a在海南乐东、河南洛阳、吉林吉林都检测到,但关联到的性状不同,在海南乐东与穗粗关联,在河南洛阳与穗码数关联,在吉林吉林与叶片数关联。SiCCT基因表达受光周期调控,温度也影响其在短日照条件黑暗期的表达;SiCCT基因具有多效性,但其作用受光周期环境影响。 相似文献
7.
大蒜试管鳞茎的发生受到低温预处理、基因型、温度、光周期、pH值、糖源的种类和浓度、植物激素配比等诸多因素的影响。其中低温预处理对鳞茎的发生影响最大。4℃处理10d后,鳞茎发生率83.3%;温度和光周期对鳞茎的发生也有重要作用。较长日照条件(12h/12h和16h/8h)和适宜高温(25℃)有利于鳞茎发生;日照和温度条件相同时,鳞茎的发生率还与基因型有关。糖的种类和浓度不是影响鳞茎发生的主要因素,50%的蔗糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖都能使鳞茎的发生率达最高水平。pH=7.5和不添加植物激素的MS培养基也有利于鳞茎发生。 相似文献
8.
以意大利耐抽薹生菜为试材,采用水培法,设置不同光周期(12 h/12 h、16 h/8 h、20 h/4 h)和外源锌浓度(0、0.5、1 mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O),研究不同光周期下外源锌对水培生菜生长和品质特性的调控效应。试验结果表明,16 h/8 h光周期处理有利于生菜地上部的生长以及维生素C、类黄酮和总酚含量的增加,而20 h/4 h光周期处理有利于生菜地下部的生长及可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和还原糖含量的增加,但20 h/4 h光周期处理会对生菜的生长产生抑制作用,从而影响干物质的积累。从光周期与锌互作效果看,光周期对生菜生长和品质的影响起主导作用,外源锌起调节作用。综上所述,16 h/8 h光周期下根施0.5 mg/L Zn对促进生菜生长、提升品质效果最佳。 相似文献
9.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(5):1640-1648
以10个抗寒性不同的白菜型冬油菜品种/系为试材,采用根系扫描等方法,分析不同低温胁迫(4℃,-4℃和-8℃)对白菜型冬油菜根系形态的影响,并探讨这些根系形态参数与其抗寒性(越冬率)间的关系。结果表明,随着温度降低,白菜型冬油菜品种(系)的根系表面积(root surface area, RSA)、根投影面积(root projection area, RPA)及根长(root longer, RL)均显著降低,且弱抗寒品种(系)的这3个根系形态参数下降幅度更大。白菜型冬油菜品种/系的抗寒性与RSA、RPA均显著正相关(P0.01或P0.05),而与RL关系不密切(P0.05)。本研究通过构建了白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与根系形态参数间的多元线性回归方程为Y=-30.828-12.500C_1+43.020C_2+97.576C_3(R=0.908**, F=9.423**)(Y:抗寒性; C_1:RSA; C_2:RPA; C_3:RL)。依据品种的抗寒性,可将10份白菜型冬油菜品种/系聚类为三类,分别为超强抗寒品种(系)、抗寒品种(系)及弱抗寒品种(系)。本研究结果为白菜型冬油菜抗寒鉴定和种质资源筛选提供理论参考。 相似文献
10.
培矮64S育性对温度与光周期的反应 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在自然条件、自然温度控制光长条件及控制温度与光长条件下,研究了培矮640.0育性对温度与光周期的反应,结果表明:培矮64S在育性转换敏感期感受人工日均温21.8~24.0℃(光期23.9~24.0℃/暗期19.5~24.0℃)或自然平均日均温31.3℃(平均日最高温36.1℃,平均日最低温27.5℃)的温度,无论长日还是短日处理均表现不育,花粉可染率 相似文献
11.
The influence of temperature/photoperiod treatment and gibberellic acid concentration (0, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l) on direct conversion
of microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) to plantlets of winter oilseed rape was investigated. Physiologically mature, 21-day-old
MDEs were transferred to a solid B5 medium supplemented with gibberellic acid, and cultured at 24 °C, 4 °C or 1 °C for 14 days, and then at 24 °C for the next 21 days. Low temperature was linked with short photoperiod (8 h light/16 h dark), and high temperature was
linked with long photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark). The highest embryo conversion rate was at 1 °C with over 70%, compared to<20% at 4 °C. Two-way analysis of variance confirmed the significance of the effect of temperature/photoperiod treatment. By contrast,
gibberellic acid concentration had no significant effect on stimulation of shoot development from apical meristems of MDEs.
Roots developed from apical root meristems of MDEs very easily. The best obtained conversion rate of MDEs induced with cold
treatment at1 °C for 14 days was 86.5%. Observations on morphological development of MDEs showed clear differences in reaction at various
temperature/photoperiod treatments.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Summary The frost tolerance of winter wheat is one component of winter hardiness. If seedlings are frost resistant, it means that they can survive the frost effect without any considerable damage. To study the genetic control of frost tolerance, an artificial freezing test was used. Frost tolerance is controlled by an additive-dominance system. The results of diallel analyses indicate the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of this character. The dominant genes act in the direction of lower frost tolerance and the recessive genes in the direction of a higher level of frost tolerance. The results of monosomic and substitution analyses show that at least 10 of the 21 pairs of chromosomes are involved in the control of frost tolerance and winter hardiness. Chromosomes 5A and 5D have been implicated most frequently. The geneFr1 (Frost 1) was located on the long arm of chromosome 5A. Crosses between cultivars, chromosome manipulation and the induction of somaclonal variation may be suitable methods for broadening the gene pool for frost tolerance. 相似文献
13.
冬小麦品种抗霜冻力的影响因素分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
应用移动式人工霜箱,研究了冬小麦幼穗抗霜冻力随发育期的变化规律。结果表明,随发育期进程,幼穗抗霜冻力呈下降趋势,从药隔前期开始进入低温敏感期。利用室内人工霜箱,在药隔前期对21个品种进行了抗霜冻力鉴定,进而分析了不同品种、冬春性、越冬抗冻力以及叶片可溶性糖含量等对冬小麦抗霜冻力的影响。结果表明,除少数品种有一定抗霜冻力外,多数品种抗霜冻力无显著差异。品种抗霜冻力与其冬春性和越冬抗冻力均无显著相关性,与叶片可溶性糖含量之间亦无显著相关性。 相似文献
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宁夏杏、李子花期幼果期霜冻指标试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
霜冻是制约宁夏经济林果生产的主要农业气象灾害之一,探究不同果树霜冻指标可为果树霜冻预报、监测预警及果树霜冻灾害风险评估和灾害防御提供参考。本研究采用人工霜冻模拟箱模拟霜冻试验,对杏树、李子树开花期及幼果期遭受霜冻的临界温度及持续时间开展研究,结果表明：2个杏品种‘金太阳’和‘李梅杏’花期遭受霜冻的温度指标差异不大,-2℃为轻度受冻,-2~-3℃之间为中度受冻,＜-3℃持续时间大于1 h则为重度受冻。4个李子品种花期‘尤萨’的耐冻性较强,在-3℃下持续4 h仅轻微受冻,其他品种在-3℃下就会严重受冻,‘龙园秋李’的耐冻性最差,-3℃持续1 h受冻率就会达到50%。杏幼果在-2.5℃持续1~2 h为轻度受冻,3~4 h为中度受冻,小于或等于-3℃持续1 h及以上为重度受冻,2个品种差异不大。李子幼果的耐冻性差于杏幼果,‘尤萨’在-1℃持续3~4 h和-2.5℃持续1 h就会轻度受冻,-2℃和-2.5℃时持续时间大于等于2 h或者遇-3℃低温就会重度受冻。‘兰蜜李’-2℃和-2.5℃大于或等于3 h或者温度小于等于-3℃为重度受冻。 相似文献
15.
Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed. 相似文献
16.
宁夏梨树霜冻指标试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
霜冻是制约着梨树生产的主要农业气象灾害之一,探究梨树霜冻指标可为梨树霜冻预报、监测预警及梨树霜冻灾害风险评估和灾害防御提供参考。笔者采用人工霜箱开展模拟霜冻试验对梨树开花期及幼果期遭受霜冻的临界温度及持续时间进行研究,结果表明：-4℃是梨花器官遭受霜冻的致死温度,‘玛瑙’梨花期遇-3℃低温持续2 h 遭受轻度霜冻,持续2.5 h 遭受中度霜冻;重度受冻的临界温度及持续时间为-3℃持续3 h 及以上、-3.5℃持续时间大于等于0.5 h 或-4℃及以下。‘甘泉’和‘新高’的耐冻性差于‘玛瑙’。对于幼果,3 个品种的耐冻性差异不大,-2℃持续2~3 h 或-2.5℃持续1 h 幼果出现轻度受冻;-2.5℃持续2~3 h,-3℃持续1 h 为中度受冻,-2.5~-2℃持续4 h、-3℃持续1 h 以上为重度受冻。未达到致死温度时,随着持续时间延长,受冻程度增加,幼果直径越小,受冻越严重。 相似文献
17.
苹果砧木实生后代枝条电阻抗参数与抗寒性的相关性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以苹果砧木实生后代单株为试材,研究低温胁迫下苹果砧木实生后代枝条电阻抗（EIS）参数（胞外电阻率re、胞内电阻率ri、电阻率r1和弛豫时间τ）的变化,并分析电阻抗图谱法和常规的电导法测定的苹果砧木抗寒性的相关性。结果表明,随着温度降低,苹果砧木枝条的胞外电阻率re、胞内电阻率ri、电阻率r1和弛豫时间τ均减小。以苹果砧木枝条的EIS参数电阻率r1、胞外电阻率re、胞内电阻率ri求得的抗寒性与EL法测定的抗寒性呈显著性正相关（r=0.838～0.906）。r1测定的苹果砧木枝条的抗寒性与EL法测定的抗寒性相差10℃,不适合用于测定苹果砧木枝条的抗寒性。表明经低温胁迫后的苹果砧木枝条用re和ri可以测定苹果砧木枝条的抗寒性。 相似文献
18.
Summary Several independent tests have shown that climate and weather during sexual reproduction influence the adaptive properties of the Picea abies progenies. This phenomenon is expressed in seed orchards established by moving parent trees, propagated as grafts, from north to south, from high to low elevation, or from outdoor to indoor greenhouse conditions. The progenies exhibit delayed flushing in the spring, later growth cessation of leader shoots in the summer, delayed bud-set, higher frequency of lammas shoots and delayed development of frost hardiness in the autumn compared to progenies reproduced in the colder native environment. The altered performance is persistent. We have found no effect on progenies of photoperiod and temperature treatments given to the males during meiosis and pollen production. However, when crosses were made in early spring (March), inside a heated greenhouse (short day, high temperature), the progenies are less frost hardy during cold acclimation than progenies from identical crosses performed in late spring (May; long day high temperature) in the greenhouse. The most hardy offspring were from crosses performed under outdoor conditions in May (long day, low temperature). These results indicate that some stages in reproduction, such as female meiosis, pollen tube growth, syngamy and early embryo development, are sensitive to temperature and/or photoperiod which then alter the phenotypic performance of the offspring. The most likely explanation is the existence of a regulatory mechanism affecting the expression of genes controlling adaptive traits. If this is true, it must have implications for the genetic interpretation of provenance differences in Norway spruce. 相似文献
19.
The influence of light on fresh-cut vegetables during storage is controversial, since both positive and negative effects on shelf-life and quality of such products have been observed. In this work, the effect of low-intensity light treatments on lamb's lettuce, a fresh-cut leafy and ready-to-eat vegetable, was investigated during storage at low temperature (6 °C), in comparison with conventional storage (in the dark at 4 °C). Although continuous light treatment (1 cycle of 8 h per day) was deleterious, cycles of light treatments (8 cycles of 1 h per day; 16 cycles of 0.5 h per day) showed positive effects, assessed by evaluating the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, ATP, glucose and ascorbate. These analyses were performed at the beginning and after 6 days of storage, in comparison with samples stored in the dark at 4 °C. Under low-intensity light treatments, even if performed at a higher temperature (6 °C), the content of such bioactive compounds increased or was at least similar to that found in samples stored in the dark at the same temperature. We suggest that continuous low-intensity light treatments during cold storage of lamb's lettuce are able to promote photosynthesis but, at the same time, induce photo-damage. On the contrary, under intermittent low-intensity light cycles, photosynthesis is only partially activated, while the metabolism of the green tissues is still able to provide carbon moieties for the synthesis of bioactive molecules involved in delaying senescence. Therefore, low-intensity light cycles at 6 °C could contribute to maintain quality of lamb's lettuce, with respect to samples stored in the dark at both 6 and 4 °C. Finally, setting the temperature at 6 °C allows reduction of refrigerator energy consumption during storage. 相似文献
20.
河套灌区籽用葫芦终霜冻指标研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了完善当地气象灾害指标,更好地开展籽用葫芦春霜冻气象服务,本研究选用籽用葫芦‘(丰产一号)’幼苗为试验材料,利用MSX-2F人工模拟霜箱系统模拟自然降温过程,通过测定幼苗的叶温记录植株冻伤、冻死情况,结合荧光参数值,综合确定河套灌区籽用葫芦终霜冻指标。结果表明：(1)籽用葫芦幼苗全部冻死的最低温度为≤-4℃;(2)籽用葫芦幼苗结冰点的范围为-0.2~-2.8℃之间,过冷却点的范围为-1.5~-4.5℃之间;(3)苗龄越大的籽用葫芦幼苗,耐受冻害的能力越强;(4)籽用葫芦幼苗轻霜冻地表温度指标为-1℃,重霜冻地表温度指标为-3℃。 相似文献