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1.
以水培方法研究了镉在结缕草中的积累特性及对矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明:Cd2+处理下结缕草根、叶中镉的分布比例为细胞壁>胞液>细胞器。低浓度(1、10 mg·L-1)处理下,结缕草茎细胞液中镉的比例分别较细胞壁中镉的比例高出61.70%、69.60%;高浓度(100 mg·L-1)处理下,细胞壁中镉的比例较细胞液中镉的比例高出47.70%。低浓度(1、10 mg·L-1)处理的结缕草地下部的镉含量显著高于地上部,而高浓度下(100 mg·L-1)结缕草地上部的镉含量较地下部显著提高37.31%;随着处理浓度的升高,镉转运系数显著提高,100 mg·L-1处理下镉转运系数分别较1、10 mg·L-1提高了4.12、2.45倍。高浓度(100 mg·L-1)处理下,结缕草地下部N、K、Ca、Mg含量下降,P、S含量有所提高。高浓度(100 mg·L-1)镉处理下,地上部N含量较对照显著上升16.11%,Ca、Mg的含量均较对照升高;不同浓度镉处理的地上部P、K、S含量均较对照降低。 相似文献
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The tender leafstalks of Ledum palustre var.dilatatum were used as explants for the experiment.Uniform design for the most suitable media for shoots regeneration immediately at base of tender leafstalks,rooting and germplasm conservation in vitro was screened.The results showed that N6+ZT 2.65 mg·L-1+IAA 0.05 mg·L-1 was fits for shoots regeneration,the frequency of shoots induction was higher than 92.5%;MS(modified)+IAA 0.1 mg·L-1+Kt 0.75 mg·L-1 for rooting,the rate of rooting was 98%;N-68+B9 2.5 mg·L-1+ Ph... 相似文献
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通过测定鄱阳湖与长江交汇区陆域(包括九江-新港和湖口2个采样地)土壤及植物体内的重金属As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb含量,统计分析了植物体内重金属含量与土壤中重金属含量的相关性及拟合曲线,同时提出相应的生态修复措施.结果表明:九江-新港土壤含Pb量高于湖口,而这两个地点的As、Hg、Cr、Cd含量差异不显著.九江-新港和湖口的植物根部重金属Cr、Pb、Cd含量高于茎部和叶部,而As和Hg含量恰好相反,茎部重金属含量处于中间水平.对所有采样点植物体内的重金属含量与土壤中重金属含量进行相关性分析,得出植物体内与土壤中的Hg、Pb含量相关性显著,而植物体内与土壤中的As、Cd、Cr含量没有显著的相关性. 相似文献
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以温室中1年生麻疯树顶端幼嫩叶片为外植体,研究了在MS基本培养基中添加不同浓度的6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)对不定芽再生的影响,并采用60天暗培养的方法筛选出愈伤组织诱导和不定芽诱导的最佳激素组合为MS+5 mg.L-16-BA+0.5 mg.L-1IBA,该组合的不定芽诱导率高达75.8%。将该组合诱导出的愈伤组织接种至MS+1.5 mg.L-16-BA+0.05 mg.L-1IBA的固体培养基中,研究了赤霉素对不定芽再生的影响,最佳赤霉素浓度为0.05 mg.L-1,麻疯树叶盘再生率达到90.9%,平均不定芽个数达到4.6个。 相似文献
6.
在晋西黄土区,研究了荒草地、锦鸡儿灌木林地和刺槐乔木林地3种典型植被不同土层的土壤密度、含水量、贮水能力和入渗性能的差异及其相关性,结果显示:3种植被类型都能有效减小表层(0 20 cm)土壤密度;3种植被类型表层(0 20 cm)的土壤滞留贮水量较大,锦鸡儿林地(198.80 t·m-3)刺槐林地(166.10 t·m-3)荒草地(87.37 t·m-3),20 40 cm土层的土壤滞留贮水量也是锦鸡儿林地(127.30 t·m-3)刺槐林地(55.60 t·m-3)荒草地(47.30 t·m-3),表明在3种植被类型中,锦鸡儿林地对晋西黄土丘陵区土壤水分的涵养作用最强;锦鸡儿林地的土壤稳渗速率最大,为1.80 mm·min-1,刺槐林地次之,为1.46 mm·min-1,荒草地依然最小,且锦鸡儿林地土壤的均渗速率最大,为4.81 mm·min-1,其次是刺槐林地,为4.51 mm·min-1,荒草地最小。土壤密度与滞留贮水量呈极显著负相关关系,与土壤初渗速率和均渗速率呈极显著负相关关系,与稳渗速率呈显著负相关关系,非毛管孔隙度与稳渗速率和均渗速率存在极显著相关关系。Kostiakov模型和Horton模型对晋西黄土区3种植被类型土壤入渗过程模拟的拟合系数高达0.97和0.95,明显优于Philip模型(0.43)。 相似文献
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Based on the plant regeneration system, a GUS gene transformation system to Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Idaho’) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was established. The successful transformation was confirmed by regenerating the shoots from the infected leaves in the presence of hygromysin; by histochemical X-gluc assays of β-glucuronidase (GUS) and by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analysis. The ratio of positive transgenic plants is 5.8% (5 out of 86 plants). With this system, the target gene DREB was introduced into the leaves of Idaho locust. The transgenic plants regenerated, which was verified by PCR-Southern blot-ting. It is suggested that the transformation system could be a new, simple, reliable and practical route to gene transformation of R. pseudoacacia ‘Idaho’ mediated with A. tumefaciens. 相似文献
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[目的]探究晋西黄土区不同树种营养器官(叶、枝、干、根)及其土壤的养分含量变化特征。[方法]通过野外样地调查和取样分析方法,对3种典型森林树种(刺槐、侧柏、辽东栎)不同器官及其林地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量进行了研究,并探讨了不同树种叶片与其土壤C、N、P化学计量的关系。[结果]辽东栎、刺槐和侧柏的叶片有机碳含量分别为468.43、454.96、438.53 g·kg-1,刺槐、辽东栎和侧柏叶片的全氮含量分别为27.52、20.74、12.73 g·kg-1,辽东栎、侧柏和刺槐叶片的全磷含量分别为2.73、2.15、1.35 g·kg-1,叶片C∶N值为侧柏辽东栎刺槐,C∶P、N∶P值分别为刺槐侧柏辽东栎、刺槐辽东栎侧柏;3个树种树枝的有机碳含量均最大,树叶的全氮含量均最大,而树干的全氮含量均最小。侧柏、辽东栎、刺槐树枝的全磷含量分别为3.07、3.07、1.87 g·kg-1,显著比其它器官的大;3种森林土壤的C、N、P含量均随土层的加深而降低,且0 10 cm土层的含量最大,C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值随土层深度的变化不一致;刺槐叶片的有机碳、全磷含量与土壤C∶N值显著或极显著负相关;侧柏叶片的有机碳含量均与土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值极显著负相关,叶片N∶P值与土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值均极显著正相关;辽东栎叶片的有机碳含量、C∶P值与土壤有机碳含量极显著负相关。[结论]辽东栎、刺槐和侧柏的有机碳含量均较高,分别为468.43、454.96、438.53 g·kg-1;辽东栎和刺槐对晋西黄土区干旱环境的防御能力比侧柏强,当地环境较适宜辽东栎的生长发育,而刺槐和侧柏的生长分别受土壤P和N的限制。 相似文献
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对特产我国的珍稀保护竹种筇竹笋的笋体特征、营养成分及其变化进行了研究,结果表明:筇竹鲜笋平均笋壳占45.48%,笋肉占54.52%,笋肉含水率为90.80%,笋肉干物质分别占笋肉鲜质量和总鲜质量的9.20%、4.99%;干样平均含蛋白质348.3 mg.g-1,氨基酸总量349.93 mg.g-1,粗脂肪115 mg.g-1,可溶性总糖29.8 mg.g-1,P68.2mg.g-1,Fe 0.07 mg.g-1,Ca 0.54 mg.g-1,Mg 1.63 mg.g-1,Zn 134.80 mg.kg-1,Se 0.50 mg.kg-1。不同种源的筇竹笋蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成不同,并随着海拔高度上升、发笋时期推迟呈下降趋势,在笋体内表现为自上而下含量降低;水煮后筇竹笋蛋白质含量相对提高,但约75%的氨基酸流失;施肥后筇竹林分竹笋的氨基酸和蛋白质含量高于天然林。根据研究结果提出了筇竹种源选择、施肥措施及生产经营等方面的建议,以提升筇竹林分经济效益、保护筇竹资源并实现可持续经营利用。 相似文献
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[Objective]A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of Rhus chinensis Mill for phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil.[Method]The response of container seedlings to Pb concentrations (0, 400 and 1 000 mg·kg-1) in the soil was studied. Seedling growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll fluorescence, malondialdehyde (MDA), nutrient elements, Pb accumulation and translocation were assessed.[Result]The results showed that R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity. Compared to the control, the biomass increased slightly at low concentration (400 mg·kg-1). Under Pb stress conditions, the root elongation was restrained, while the radial growth of root was promoted and the fine root was developed better. No differences were observed in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, and MDA. During the experiment, only small quantity of Pb were uptake by R. chinensis, and most of the Pb absorbed by plants was retained in the roots. However, at the high concentration (1 000 mg·kg-1), R. chinensis transported metal to the shoots better, and the translocation factor (TF) value was 0.66. Under the Pb stress, oxalic acid of root exudates was increased significantly; while the root could be induced malic acid and citric acid, and the concentration increased with Pb concentration in soil. [Conclusion]R. chinensis was found to have Pb tolerance and phytoremediation potential in Pb-contaminated soils. 相似文献
11.
Bi-huạ Chen 《中国林学(英文版)》2009,11(3):174-178
In this study a reliable protocol was developed for the establishment of commercial in vitro cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.. Juvenile shoots from one-year-old elite plants were used as the source of explants. New axillary shoots were obtained after 30 days of culture on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). The optimal multiplication medium was a modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). This yielded a multiplication rate of 2.4 for each subculture. Slightly more than 92% of shoots rooted when cultured on a modified MS medium containing IBA (0.2 mg·L–1) and acti-vated charcoal (0.5 mg·L–1). Activated charcoal promoted both a strong and a high rooting rate during the rooting phase. Plantlets were transferred to pots for a short acclimatization stage in a greenhouse where 95% of the plantlets survived. This highly reproduci-ble procedure can be adopted for large-scale propagation of T. wilfordii. 相似文献
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玫瑰(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)又称玫瑰花,是蔷薇科 (Rosaceae) 蔷薇属(Rosa L.)落叶灌木.该种为国家三级重点保护植物.<中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录(第一册)>中定为濒危种,<中国物种红色名录>定为易危种[1],<吉林省野生动植物保护管理暂行条例>中定其为省级一类重点保护植物.是待开发的野生珍稀濒危药用植物,花、果、根入药,主治吐血、痛经、咯血、乳痈、月经不调等症.该种玫瑰具有喜光,耐寒,耐贫瘠,抗风等特性,可防止高山苔原带的水土流失,对维护生态平衡,美化天池环境以及引种驯化、开发利用于作护坡保土、园林绿化和培育玫瑰新品种;对研究该属植物的系统发育与地理分布也有重要科学价值.玫瑰在长白山区数量非常稀少,仅在珲春市敬信乡有零星分布.近年来,由于旅游设施及道路的修建等人为因素的干扰,其生境遭到严重破坏.又因玫瑰的天然更新能力非常弱,其种子成熟度小,种子繁殖可操作性极差,插条繁殖生根率和移栽成活率也极低,使其开发及利用受到极大限制.因此,在保护好现有野生资源的同时,本研究以玫瑰新生嫩茎为外植体,利用植物组织培养方法,采用均匀设计法,以期筛选出玫瑰嫩茎离体培养各阶段的培养基.目前,与其同属的其他种植物的离体培养已有报道,但关于该种玫瑰植株再生体系的研究迄今未见. 相似文献
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Shirugumbi Hanamanthagouda Manohar Poornananda Madhava Naik Nagella Praveen Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy 《林业研究》2009,20(3):268-270
The gymnemic acid contents in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre were investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results shows that the content of gymnemic
acid in various organs, obviously different, was 54.29, 31.66, 28.82, 27.67, 25.39, 20.56 and 1.31 mg·g−1 DW in shoot tips, flowers, nodes, leaves, internodes, roots and seeds, respectively. The highest gymnemic acid content (54.29
mg·g−1 DW) was found in shoot tip, 1.96 fold higher than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g−1 DW). Maximum quantity of gymnemic acid (35.39 mg·g−1 DW) was observed in the young leaves, which was 1.52 times higher than that in old leaves (23.07 mg·g−1 DW). The content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old internodes was 26.47, 25.77 and 23.94 mg·g−1 DW, respectively, all lower than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g−1 DW), whereas the content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old nodes was 27.96, 28.81 and 29.66 mg·g−1 DW, respectively, all higher than that in leaves. The study provides the scientific evidences for the rational development
and utilization of Gymnema sylvestre resources, since over exploitation of natural stands has caused depletion of these plants in nature.
Foundation project: This work was supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. 33-88/2007 (SR)) 相似文献
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余甘子 (ＰｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓｅｍｂｌｉｃａＬ .)为大戟科 (Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｃｅａｅ) ,叶下珠属 (Ｐｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓ) ,落叶小乔木或灌木。在我国主要分布于南亚热带地区[1] 。余甘子果可生食、渍制或榨取果汁 ,果具清热解毒、降血压、防治肝胆病、收敛止泻作用 ,是重要的中药材和制药原料[2 ] ,同时树皮为重要的栲胶原料。余甘子在干热河谷、石质山地等生态脆弱区已作为优良的生态经济兼用造林树种。我国余甘子良种化起步晚 ,虽然只有少数地区开始采用良种 ,但发展势头很快。近几年引进的国外品种已表现出较好的适应性和生长… 相似文献
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通过研究不同基本培养基及植物生长调节组合对沟叶结缕草丛生芽诱导、增殖和愈伤组织诱导、分化的影响,建立起沟叶结缕草试管无性系。以地下匍匐根状茎的顶芽为外植株,在MS 6-BA 2 mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1培养基上诱导丛生芽形成,以MS KT 3 mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1作为继代增殖培养基,建立起丛生芽苗→不定芽发生→丛生芽苗速生试管无性系;以丛生芽苗基部为外植体,以MS 2.4-D 4 mg.L-1作为愈伤组织诱导培养基,以MS基本培养基作为愈伤组织分化培养基,建立起丛生苗→愈伤组织→愈伤组织分化→丛生苗试管无性系。试管无性系室外移栽成活率达95%以上。沟叶结缕草试管无性系的建立为细胞工程育种和基因转化的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
17.
Ayumi Tanaka-Oda Tanaka Kenzo Satomi Koretsune Haruto Sasaki Kenji Fukuda 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
On the Loess Plateau, China, several planted tree species such as Populus hopeinsis and Robinia pseudoacacia suffer occasional diebacks in the top shoots, reducing growth rates after maturation. However, this does not usually occur in other species, e.g., Ulmus pumila and Zizyphus jujuba. We compared stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) as indicators of leaf water-use efficiency (WUE), leaf mass per unit area (LMA), and leaf area- and mass-based nitrogen content (Narea and Nmass) by tree height (1, 5, and 10 m) in P. hopeinsis, R. pseudoacacia, U. pumila, and Z. jujuba. In P. hopeinsis and R. pseudoacacia, leaf δ13C and Narea were significantly lower in 10-m trees than in 1-m saplings, indicating that leaf WUE and photosynthetic rates of both species decreased with tree height. In contrast, δ13C in Z. jujuba varied little with tree height. The δ13C of 10-m-tall U. pumila trees was significantly higher than that of 1-m plants, demonstrating an increase in WUE with tree height. Decreasing WUE, leaf Narea, and Nmass with height increases in P. hopeinsis and R. pseudoacacia may be related to water and nutrient limitations for these species in semiarid regions. In contrast, stable or increasing δ13C with tree height in U. pumila and Z. jujuba may account (to some extent) for successful production of these species under identical environmental conditions. Diameter growth rate also decreased with maturity in P. hopeinsis and R. pseudoacacia, but increased or was stable for U. pumila and Z. jujuba. The differences in leaf WUE and LMA among species with tree maturity may be related to species’ growth patterns and susceptibility to drought stress, and are likely to be important new criteria for plantation species selection on the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis(Carr.)H.de Lehaie)作为我国最主要的经济和生态竹种[1-6],其养分管理和丰产培育技术一直是重要研究内容[7-12];然而,由于毛竹大小年和异龄结构等特点,迄今丰产经营的毛竹林肥培仍多凭经验,施肥量和肥培重点对象不明确,极易造成养分流失、肥力降低和环境污染.为此,近年来作者及课题组成员从毛竹生长发育规律出发,系统研究了自冬笋到竹材成熟采伐整个生长(经营)期毛竹生长和养分积累规律.冬笋是毛竹的第一生长阶段[13],其生长和营养状况直接决定着来年林分产量和经济效益[14]. 相似文献
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The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan District in the southern suburb of Beijing. These forest lands with P.×euramericana cv. ’Neva’plantation were around with the various sources of pollution such as cement mill,stone mill, sewage and garbage.Some of heavy metal elements such as Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were found in the soil samples and leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on the three forest lands which were investigated.The results of investigation showed that the soils of three forest lands were polluted with Pb, Cd,Cu and Zn in varying degrees.The contents of Pb,Cu and Zn in soils were significantly different among the three forest lands,whereas the average content of Cd(0.077 6 mg·kg-1) was less but that of Pb,Cu,and Zn(37.61,26.25 and 90.3 mg·kg-1 ) were more than the average background value of Beijing.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were different among three forestlands.With the changes of heavy metal contents in soil samples,there was no regularity on the changes of different heavy metal contents in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on different forest land.P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ can absorb and accumulate Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in soil but showed different capacities of absorption and accumulation with the order of Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb.Especially,its absorption and accumulation capacity for Cd was strong with maximum enrichment factor higher than 16 and showed high accumulation on low background,whereas its enrichment capacities for Pb and Cu were relatively poorer with average enrichment factor of less than 1.At different forest lands,there existed great difference on absorption capacity of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ with the same heavy metal. 相似文献