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1.
采用自制潮汐模拟系统培养红树植物老鼠簕幼苗,设置7个相对于自然光5％、15％、20％、45％、60％、75％、100％的光照强度,研究了不同光强对老鼠簕幼苗从发芽至生长10个月的生理生态影响.随着光照强度的升高,幼苗的保存率、苗高、地径、根干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量、单株生物量、根冠比、根系活力、叶面积、叶绿素a、b含量均是先升后降;可溶性糖含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、最大净光合速率随光强增大而增加.在淹浸30 min内,不同光照强度的净光合速率均有增大的表现,而气孔导度均降低,且最终均稳定在初始值以下.试验表明:光照强度为45％时,多数生理生态指标表现为促进植物的生长;当光照强度为20％时,老鼠簕幼苗通过降低根冠比、光补偿点,增加苗高、叶绿素含量、叶面积和表观量子利用效率来提高自身光能获取的效率;当光照强度为5％时,光照会显著抑制幼苗的生长,但保存率依然在60％以上.可以认为,极低的光照强度致使幼苗生长缓慢,但并不影响其自然定居的密度;同时,在不同光强下,老鼠簕光饱和点和光补偿点均很低.以上可以解释淇澳岛红树林林下存在高密度老鼠簕的原因是由于其自身拥有高的耐阴能力,同时对光照减弱有极强的适应能力. 相似文献
2.
Water deficit is an important environmental factor restricting plant growth and photosynthesis. The effect of water deprivation on leaf water status, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of artà (Calligonum comosum) was studied. Five-month-old artà seedlings, grown in pots in the open air, were subjected to one of four drought treatments (i.e., mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought stress) and compared to control seedlings (normal watering regime). Results show that leaf water potential, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a and b) decreased with increasing levels of drought stress. Inactivation of the photosynthetic apparatus was accompanied by changes in the fluorescence characteristics, providing evidence that reduction of photosynthetic rate could be attributed to non-stomatal limitations. Alterations imply changes in photochemical conversion efficiency of photosystem II by which plants could reduce water transpiration or protect their photosynthetic apparatus from destruction. These adaptations are discussed in relation to the strategies developed to grow drought-resistant artà seedlings in desert environments. 相似文献
3.
为了探明丛枝菌根真菌对君迁子生长及光合作用的影响,以分别接种了细凹无梗囊酶(Acaulospora scrobiculata,简称AS)、聚丛根孢囊酶(Rhizophagus aggregatus,简称RA)、扭形多样孢囊酶(Diversispora trotuosa,简称DT)、根内根孢囊酶(Rhizophagus intraradices,简称RI)、摩西斗管囊酶(Funneliformis mosseae,简称FM)等5种丛枝菌根真菌和未接种菌根真菌的君迁子幼苗为试材,对6种处理下君迁子幼苗的生长情况和叶片的主要光合指标进行了观测,并用双曲线修正模型对所测数据进行拟合,得到光合响应曲线及各处理下君迁子幼苗各光合特征参数。结果表明:1菌根化的君迁子幼苗其株高、地径、叶片数、植株鲜质量等指标值均有明显的提高,与未接种的对照组相比,接种AS、RA、DT、RI、FM使君迁子的株高分别提高了48.22%、62.01%、14.34%、14.66%、29.01%;其地径分别提高了22.81%、46.84%、21.19%、17.23%、14.72%;其植株鲜质量分别提高了93.69%、103.93%、53.98%、68.52%、84.44%;其单株叶片数比对照组多2~5片。2菌根化的君迁子幼苗其净光合速率、光饱和点均高于对照组,而其光补偿点则反之。3各接种处理的净光合速率的日变化趋势较为一致,均呈"双峰"曲线,12:00~14:00时均存在"午休"现象,但接种处理下君迁子幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率的日均值均高于对照组。研究结果表明:接种丛枝菌根真菌能够显著提高君迁子幼苗的净光合速率,改善其对光的适应性,对植株的生长有显著的促进作用,但促进作用因菌种而异。 相似文献
4.
梭梭(HaloxylonAmmodendronBge,一种C4灌木)苗种植在15升的容器中,给予不同的水分胁迫处理,研究了其水分关系和气体交换特征。结果表明:当土壤水分含量大于11%时,梭梭苗有高的蒸腾量;土壤水分含量低于6%时,苗木就不能从土壤中吸取水分;很好供水的苗木的蒸腾量与潜在蒸发量成线型相关。气体交换测定发现,随着土壤水分含量的下降,造成了不同程度的气孔导度、叶蒸腾强度和光合作用的下降。对同一苗木而言,由于这个地区有高的水气压亏缺(VPD),很好和中度供水的苗木在气孔反应方面有较宽的范围,气孔在决定光合作用方面起着较小的作用,二者没有明显的线型相关关系。虽然水分胁迫使蒸腾速率比光合速率下降的更快,提高了水分利用效率,而较高的蒸发需求增加了蒸腾量,限制了光合作用,但是总的趋势是光合作用和蒸腾强度成线型相关。图6表2参15。 相似文献
5.
不同灌溉条件对刺槐生长量及各项生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在小管出流与大水漫灌等不同灌溉方式下,研究刺槐的相对含水量(RWC),水分饱和亏缺(RWD)、光响应曲线、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、单叶水分利用效率(WUE)等指标的变化。结果表明,小管出流灌溉条件下,刺槐叶片净光合速率Pn值、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、生长量均大于漫灌下刺槐;但是,单叶水分利用率与叶片胞间CO2浓度在这2两种灌溉条件下差异较小。 相似文献
6.
Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib is an endemic and dominant species in typical sub-alpine dark coniferous forests distributed in mountainous regions of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. We investigated the ecophysiological responses of A. fabri seedlings to short-term artificially-applied drought, nitrogen addition alone, and the combination of these treatments. Drought was created by excluding natural precipitation with an automatically controlled plastic roof that covered the seedlings. Nitrogen fertilization was applied weekly by spraying over seedlings with ammonium nitrate solution. Experiment results showed that drought caused a reduction in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and leaf mass per area. Nitrogen addition enhanced photosynthetic performance by increasing net photosynthetic rate. In the drought plots, nitrogen addition increased net photosynthetic rate and instantaneous water use efficiency. These results showed that applied nitrogen improved plant water use efficiency and N accumulation in plant organs under drought conditions. Especially under drought conditions more N was concentrated into needles by applied nitrogen as compared with other organs. In conclusion, our results indicated that the combination of nitrogen addition and drought may result in positive effects on A. fabri seedlings in the short-term. 相似文献
7.
不同土壤水分条件下雷公藤的生长及光响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择2年生雷公藤盆栽扦插苗为实验材料,研究了不同土壤水分条件下(土壤含水量分别为土壤田间持水量的80%、60%、40%和20%)雷公藤的生长及光响应特征,结果表明:在4种水分条件下,雷公藤枝条和叶片的生长量及叶片质量均随土壤含水量的增加而逐渐增加,土壤含水量为80%时生长量较好,叶绿素含量及比叶鲜重、干重均较高,土壤含水量为20%时生长相对较差,与各处理间差异显著;随着水分胁迫的加重,雷公藤的光合和蒸腾速率逐渐降低,不同土壤水分条件下,雷公藤光合与蒸腾的光响应均表现出一致的变化趋势,即随着光照强度的增加,其光合与蒸腾速率均呈先上升后下降的趋势。 相似文献
8.
We measured net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, xylem water potential, and growth of Pinus strobus L. seedlings two years after planting on two clear-cut and burned sites in the southern Appalachians. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate seedling net photosynthesis to vapor pressure deficit, seedling crown temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), needle N, xylem water potential, and soil water, and to relate seedling size and growth to physiological measurements (average net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, and cumulative xylem water potential), soil water, needle N, seedling temperature, and PAR. Seedling net photosynthesis was significantly related to vapor pressure deficit, midday water potential, crown temperature, and PAR (r(2) = 0.70) early in the growing season (May 1992) with vapor pressure deficit alone explaining 42% of the variation. As neighboring vegetation developed, light became more limiting and significantly reduced seedling net photosynthesis later in the growing season (July, August, and September). Final seedling diameter was significantly related to competitor biomass, average photosynthetic rate, and needle N (r(2) = 0.68). 相似文献
9.
以不同遮荫条件(50%、25%和自然光)下适应生长1 a后的珙桐幼苗为研究对象,测定分析了珙桐幼苗的生理生化指标和生长的变化特征,结果表明:(1)不同的遮荫处理下,珙桐幼苗的净光合速率日变化曲线均为双峰型,有"午休"现象。但不同光强下出现峰值的大小和时间有差异。不同的光强下蒸腾速率日变化趋势也是不一致的,全天蒸腾速率大小顺序为一层遮荫(50%)两层遮荫(25%)全光照。(2)遮荫下珙桐的单叶面积、比叶面积和叶柄长均大于全光照下,表明珙桐利用弱光的能力很强,提高了对有限光资源的吸收。遮荫试验结果说明:适度的遮荫(50%透光率)有利于珙桐幼苗生长。 相似文献
10.
喀斯特区顶坛花椒适生的土壤水分环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年5月以盆栽顶坛花椒幼苗为对象,在不同水分梯度及充分供水条件下用CI-301 CO2气体分析仪进行林木生理指标观测,研究了顶坛花椒1年生苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效益与土壤含水量的关系,结果表明:维持顶坛花椒净光合作用的最佳土壤含水量为22%,维持顶坛花椒较高蒸腾速率的土壤含水量范围为22.5%～25.6%,气孔导度最大时对应的土壤含水量为25.6%,维持顶坛花椒叶片水分利用效益的最佳土壤含水量为28%,根据喀斯特造林的基本构思,可选取维持最佳叶片水分利用效益的土壤含水量临界值和维持最佳净光合速率的土壤含水量低限值作为喀斯特造林树种顶坛花椒的适宜土壤水分的高限值和低限值。这一指标可量化为22%～28%。 相似文献
11.
DAILi-min LIQiu-rong WANGMiao dlLan-zhu 《林业研究》2003,14(3):191-196
Soil water stress was studied on the potted seedlings of five dominant tree species (Pinus koraienes Sieb.et Zucc.,Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim, Tilia amurensis Rupr. and Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz) from the broadleaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain. Leaf growth, water transpiration and photosynthesis were compared for each species under three soil moisture conditions: 85%-100% (high water, CK), 65%-85% (Medium water, MW) and 45%-65% (low water, LW) of 37.4% water-holding capacity in field. The results showed that the characteristic of typical drought-resistance of the leaves is significantly developed. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Fraxinus mandshurica were higher in MW than those in CK. But for the other four species, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in CK were lower than those in MW and LW. The transpiration rate responding to soil moistures varied from species to soecies. 相似文献
12.
水分胁迫对栓皮栎幼苗生理特性及生长的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过盆栽实验，研究了在不同的水分条件下栓皮栎幼苗生理特性的变化和苗木生长量的变化。研究表明，在水分胁迫初期，随土壤含水量的降低，栓皮栎叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率下降，而水分利用效率提高。在水分胁迫末期，由于长期的干旱胁迫，水分条件最差的一组苗木已干枯死亡，土壤含水量从38．123％下降到20．323％时，净光合速率和蒸腾速率均下降，水分利用效率也下降。随着土壤含水量的降低，苗高、地径和生物量均有下降的趋势，其中生物量下降的幅度最大。 相似文献
13.
采用盆栽控制试验,研究了不同浓度(0、60、120和180 mmol·L-1)Na2SO4胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长具有显著的抑制效应。不同浓度Na2SO4胁迫沙枣的株高、侧枝数、总叶面积、单株叶片数、比叶面积以及各组织(除根)生物量均显著低于对照,且均随盐胁迫浓度的升高呈下降趋势,而根冠比值则由对照的0.153 1显著增加到180 mmol·L-1Na2SO4胁迫幼苗的0.348 7。(2)盐胁迫显著降低了沙枣幼苗的光合能力。随着Na2SO4胁迫的加剧,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈下降的趋势,而气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)则依次增加,且Pn下降主要受气孔限制;180 mmol·L-1Na2SO4胁迫沙枣幼苗的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr分别为对照的71.57%、30.85%、67.15%和51.65%,而Ls和WUE则分别为对照的1.91、1.38倍。(3)盐胁迫强度与幼苗株高、总叶面积、单株叶片数、比叶面积、茎生物量、叶生物量、总生物量等生长指标以及Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr等光合参数呈极显著负相关,叶片的光合参数与总叶面积、单株叶片数呈显著或极显著正相关,而叶片的生长指标、光合参数与幼苗的株高生长和生物量累积也呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
14.
Kitao Mitsutoshi Agathokleous Evgenios Harayama Hisanori Kitaoka Satoshi Uemura Akira Yazaki Kenichi Tobita Hiroyuki 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(4):699-712
Improving drought tolerance of container seedlings of Japanese larch is of high importance to afforestation. We hypothesized that adequate nitrogen (N) and limited water supply would increase the tolerance of container seedlings to water-deficit stress, circumventing photoinhibition, by means of (i) enhanced photosynthetic capacity with higher leaf N and (ii) decreased water loss from leaves with lower biomass allocation into aboveground parts. Container seedlings of Japanese larch were grown under the treatment combinations of adequate (+?N: 300 mg N container?1) or limited (??N: 150 mg N container?1) N and adequate (+?W: daily irrigation) or limited (??W: twice-a-week irrigation) water. Then, seedlings were subjected to a progressive drought treatment. Higher leaf N was observed in container seedlings grown under?+?N and???W. During progressive drought, lower stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were observed in leaves with higher leaf N at a given predawn leaf water potential. Furthermore, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was lower in leaves with higher leaf N, suggesting that higher leaf N might impair intrinsic tolerance to drought at the leaf level contrary to expectations. Conversely,???N and???W seedlings with lower shoot biomass delayed soil drying as a whole-plant response via a reduction in leaf transpiration, leading to delayed photoinhibition as indicated by a decline in Fv/Fm. To circumvent stress at the initial stage of water deficit, lower leaf N via limited N regime and smaller shoot biomass driven by limited N and water regimes would be important.
相似文献15.
设置0、50、100、150、200、300、400、600 mg·株-1 8个N处理,通过盆栽试验研究氮素对闽楠苗生长及光合特性的影响.结果表明:随着供氮量的增加,闽楠苗高、地径、叶面积和根、茎、叶及整株生物量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中,苗高、地径和叶面积均在供氮量100 mg·株-1时最高,而各器官生物量及整株生物量均在供氮量150 mg·株-1时最大;根冠比则随着供氮量的增加呈现单调递减趋势;闽楠苗光合特性与生长表现是契合的,随供氮水平的提高,闽楠苗叶绿素a、b及总量先升高后降低,净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率值也均呈先仰后抑之势,恰在供氮量100 mg·株-1时,以上光合参数值均达最高,且不同氮素处理间闽楠光合气体交换参数和蒸腾速率差异均显著.综合闽楠苗各生长及光合指标的分析结果,100～150 mg·株-1的供氮量为闽楠苗温室培育的适宜范围. 相似文献
16.
土壤干湿交替对青檀幼苗生理及生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用盆栽试验人工模拟喀斯特地区常见的干湿交替环境,研究青檀幼苗生理和生长指标的变化以及旱后复水的恢复能力.结果表明,干湿交替环境下幼苗各项生理指标的变化因干湿交替处理次数而异.经过1次干湿交替处理的幼苗叶片水分饱和亏缺,根和茎木质部水势,叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率,叶片质膜透性等指标变化剧烈,2次处理变化相对缓和,而3次处理变化幅度又加大,这反映了幼苗从反应、适应到不适应的过程.干旱复水后,各项指标的恢复度与干湿交替处理次数呈负相关.恢复过程中补偿效应普遍存在,尤其以生长上的补偿效应最明显,这是幼苗对反复干旱-复水环境的一种适应策略.干湿交替处理对生长初期青檀幼苗生理指标的影响大于速生期,对生长指标的影响则相反.因此,速生期幼苗遭遇反复的干旱-复水处理会严重制约其生长潜力的发挥. 相似文献
17.
Four different kinds of water treatment were applied to examine the photosynthetic characteristics of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) seedlings in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The aim was to shed light on the physio-ecological
adaptation of this species to changing water levels for revegetation purposes. The water treatments were normal growth water
condition (CK), light drought water stress (T1), growth under soil water saturation (T2) and growth with soil submersion (T3).
T3 had the lowest content of photosynthetic pigment; T1 and T2 did not differ from CK in the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid.
The ratio of chlorophyll a to b in the four groups ranged from 2.04 to 2.69 and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoid from 3.08 to 4.51. In group T1, the
seedling of baldcypres had lower apparent light use efficiency, lower apparent CO2 use efficiency and a lower net photosynthetic rate, with the net photosynthetic rate 24.9% lower than that of group CK. However,
T2 and T3 did not differ from CK in apparent light use efficiency, apparent CO2 use efficiency and net photosynthetic rate. Water use efficiency of the four treatments consistently increased as treatment
was prolonged; the average water use efficiency of T3 was the lowest while that of CK was the highest. Correlation analysis
showed that the net photosynthetic rate of baldcypress seedlings was positively related to transpiration rate, stomatal conductance,
water use efficiency, apparent light use efficiency and apparent CO2 use efficiency, but highly negatively related to the ratio of chlorophyll a to b. Net photosynthetic rate was not significantly related to the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, the ratio of chlorophyll
to carotenoid, relative air humidity and intercellular CO2 concentration. The transpiration rate was positively correlated with stomatal conductance and negatively related to water
use efficiency. The results showed that different water treatments could effectively influence the baldcypress seedlings’
content of photosynthetic pigment, leaf gas exchange and apparent resources use efficiency. The results verified that the
species T. distichum takes on the features of a water-tolerant and hydrophilic plant, which can be considered as one of the species for the building
of a forest protection system for the hydro-fluctuation belt in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Baldcypress should not be
planted in drought-stricken soils.
__________
Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(8) [译自:生态学报, 2005, 25(8)] 相似文献
18.
The competition effects of the perennial bunch-grass (Elymus glaucus B.B.) on the growth and survival of the oak seedlings (Quercus douglasii H. & A.) were investigated. There were four levels of Elymus competition, replicated three times. The three densities ofElymus employed were zero (control), 50 (Low — ‘L’ -), 116 (Medium — ‘M’ -) and 199 (High — ‘H’ -) plants m?2. Rates of soil water depletion, stomatal conductance, transpiration, shoot elongation and leaf expansion rates were measured between 23 March and 26 May 1988. Rates of soil water depletion, stomatal conductance and transpiration differed amongst the treatments and were higher in the control for the duration of the experiment. Shoot elongation rate (SER) and leaf expansion rate (LER) of blue oak seedling were directly related to soil water potentials. Zero values of LER rates for all treatments were observed at soil water potentials lower than?1.91 MPa, and concurrent reductions of stomatal conductance indicated stomatal closure due to the soil water deficit. In the control treatment, transpiration alone was not high enough to deplete soil moisture and to reduce LER of the oak seedlings. Leaf dessication occurred first in the H and M treatments (53% of seedlings dessicated) and two weeks later in the L treatment (37% dessicated) when the soil water potential was approximately ?4.0 MPa. The number of reproductive tillers and seed dry weight indicated thatElymus plants were under water stress from April 25 and concluded on May 25 with an early summer dormancy in all treatments. Data indicated that light intensity of 50% of ambient did not limit the development of oak seedlings. The results suggested that density of the perennial bunch-grassElymus glaucus lower than 50 plants m?2 could allow survival and successful establishment of blue oak in understories. 相似文献
19.
Effects of water stress on Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings in the desert region of Heihe inland river watershed, Gansu Province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIUFa-min WUYan-qing SUJian-ping DUMing-wu 《林业研究》2003,14(3):197-201
The water relation and leaf gas exchange of saxoul (Haloxylon Ammodendron Bge, a C4 shrub) seedlings were studied under water stress in 2001. Saxoul seedlings maintained high transpiration when the soil moisture was above 11%. The seedlings were able to take up water from soil with above 6 % soil water content, which was the threshold level of soil moisture for seedlings. The relationship between transpiration and potential evaporation was linear for well-watered seedlings. The decrease of soil water availability led to different degrees of down-regulation of stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and net CO2 assimilation rate. The stomata played a relatively small part in determining the net CO2 assimilation rate for the same seedling. The relationship between net CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration was linear diurnally, and reduction scale of leaf transpiration was much bigger than that of net CO2 assimilation rate by waters tress treatments, therefore intrinsic water-use-efficiency increased. High evaporative demand increased the leaf transpiration but inhibited net CO2 assimilation rate.Because of the effect of VPD on transpiration in this region, the transpiration of well-watered and mild water stress seedlings becomes responsive to change in stomatal conductance over a wider range. 相似文献
20.
根据实地测定人工无瓣海桑红树林不同环境下的光照强度,研究了不同光强环境对无瓣海桑幼苗的生长和光合特性的影响.结果表明:随着光照强度的降低,无瓣海桑幼苗的生长和光合特性指标水平均呈下降趋势,且不同光强处理间差异显著.在光照强度为全光照的80％和40％时,幼苗的各项生长指标下降,长势较全光照环境下的幼苗差;在荫蔽初期(2～4个月),弱光环境对幼苗的茎高、叶面积和叶片长宽比的增加有促进作用,随着荫蔽时间的延长,则产生抑制作用,不利于幼苗的生长;当光强达全光照的20％时,幼苗生长极为缓慢.在荫蔽处理180 d时,Sa80、Sa40、Sa20的幼苗死亡率分别为42％、70％、100％;在弱光环境下,无瓣海桑幼苗根、茎、叶的生物量分别下降了90％、80％、91％;随着环境光强水平的下降,无瓣海桑幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率等生理参数均呈下降趋势,各处理间差异显著.试验说明光强不足是造成无瓣海桑幼苗生长和光合水平低下及死亡率较高的主要原因,并对无瓣海桑幼苗的天然更新与自然扩散和人工造林技术进行了讨论. 相似文献