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李世双 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2014,(5):26-26
<正>住肉孢子虫病是一种流行广泛的人畜共患寄生性原虫病。其病原的发育史需要两个宿主,中间宿主为牛、羊等草食动物,终末宿主是狗、猫等食肉动物。人既是中间宿主,又是终末宿主〔1〕。为了及时掌握和了解门源县青石嘴镇当地屠宰市场牛住肉孢子虫病的感染情况,笔者于2013年10月对青石嘴屠宰市场屠宰 相似文献
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家畜住肉孢子虫病是一种人畜共患的寄生虫病。住肉孢子虫最初是Miescher(1843)在欧洲的小鼠肌肉中发现的,其后在其它动物的肌肉中也相继发现。Kuhn(1865)在猪肉中发现了该原虫,并以Miescher 的名字命名为Synchytium mies-cheriahum。Lankester(1882)把本种作为模式种,新设Sarcocystis 属。住肉孢子虫住分类上属原生动物亚界、原生动物门、孢子虫纲、真球虫 相似文献
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住肉孢子虫系二宿主寄生物，其所致病性与防治工作同发育史密切相关。近些年来，国外许多学者依据虫体发育史特点，应用免疫、药物平方法在小范围内或通过实验感染进行了防治试验研究，获得了不同程度的效果；有的观察和介绍了温度对中间宿主胴体内住肉孢子虫存活期的影响等。国内仅有报道人作为终末宿主的肠壁型肉孢子虫病的防治试验。家畜住肉孢子虫病的药物防治试验尚未见有报道。作者仅就天然感染和人工感染的绵羊住肉孢子虫病病例作动物模型，进行了药特防治试验。 相似文献
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张玉蓉 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2005,35(5):31-31
住肉孢子虫病是一种食源性人畜共患寄生虫病,其包囊寄生在牛、羊、猪等中间宿主动物肌肉中,以肉食动物狗、猫等为终未宿主.为了解牦牛住肉孢子虫病在乐都地区流行情况,笔者对乐都县屠宰场中的牦牛胴体进行了调查,以探讨其流行病学. 相似文献
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李发英 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2007,37(4):33-33
肉孢子虫病是住肉孢子虫寄生于肌间引起的一种食源性人畜共患寄生虫病,以肉食动物为终末宿主。2006年笔者对化隆县昂思多镇屠宰场中的羊胴体进行了该病感染状况的调查,为今后的防治工作和肉品检验提供依据。 相似文献
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住肉孢子虫属原生动物门真球虫目住肉孢子虫科。多以草食动物为中间宿主,人是某些住肉孢子虫的终末宿主或中间宿主。住肉孢子虫病目前尚无特效疗法,应加强对住肉孢子虫的检疫检验。 相似文献
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谢家滩乡羊住肉孢子虫感染情况调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吴自福 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2007,37(1):36-36
肉孢子虫病是由住肉孢子虫寄生于肌肉间引起的一种食源性人畜共患寄生虫寄,以肉食动物为终末宿主,为了解谢家滩乡羊住肉孢子虫病的感染情况,笔者在2005年对谢家滩乡屠宰场中的羊胴体进行了调查,为今后的防治工作和肉品检验提供科学依据。1材料与方法1.1调查对象:首先登记羊的来 相似文献
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徐春芳 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2005,35(4):4-4
住肉孢子虫是重要的人畜共患寄生虫病之一。它主要寄生于牛、羊、马、猪、犬、猫、鼠和人,此外,还寄生于鸟类,鱼类和爬行类等多种动物。在肉食品等公共卫生上影响很大。为了摸清平安县当地绵羊的感染情况,笔者于2001年对平安县牛羊定点屠宰场屠宰的绵羊进行了住肉孢子虫感染情况的调查。现报告如下。 相似文献
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Six Sarcocystis species from reindeer (S. grueneri, S. rangi, S. tarandivulpes, S. hardangeri, S. rangiferi and S. tarandi) have previously been genetically characterised. The aim of this study was to identify possible definitive hosts for S. hardangeri, S. rangiferi and S. tarandi by including the six species in phylogenetic analyses of the Sarcocystidae, and also to investigate the phylogenetic relationships between the species from reindeer and those from other hosts. The study also aimed at revealing whether the inclusion of six Sarcocystis species from the same intermediate host would have any effect on previously inferred phylogenetic relationships within the Sarcocystidae. The complete small subunit (ssu) rRNA gene sequences of all six Sarcocystis species from reindeer were used in the phylogenetic analyses along with ssu rRNA gene sequences of 85 other members of the Coccidea. Trees were constructed using Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood estimations. All six Sarcocystis species from reindeer were placed together with other Sarcocystis species using an even-toed ungulate as their intermediate host. The three canine transmitted species, S. grueneri, S. rangi, S. tarandivulpes, formed a sister group to other Sarcocystis species with a canine definitive host. The position of S. hardangeri on the tree suggested that it uses another type of definitive host than the other Sarcocystis species in this clade. Considering the geographical distribution and infection intensity of S. hardangeri, corvid birds are perhaps its most likely definitive hosts. The phylogenetic position, geographical distribution, prevalence and morphological similarity to feline transmitted Sarcocystis species in closely related Cervidae suggest that the most likely definitive hosts of S. rangiferi and S. tarandi are felines, and in Norway notably the lynx. The overall phylogeny of the Sarcocystidae did not change by the inclusion of the six Sarcocystis species from reindeer. This study suggests that phylogentic analysis can be a useful tool in the search for possible definitive hosts for those Sarcocystis species for which they are unknown and difficult to find solely by other methods. 相似文献
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Sundar N Asmundsson IM Thomas NJ Samuel MD Dubey JP Rosenthal BM 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,152(1-2):8-15
Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of neurological disease in horses (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, EPM) and sea otters in the United States. In addition, EPM-like disease has been diagnosed in several other land and marine mammals. Opossums are its only definitive hosts. Little genetic diversity among isolates of S. neurona from different hosts has been reported. Here, we used 11 microsatellites to characterize S. neurona DNA isolated from natural infections in 22 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from California and Washington and in 11 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 1 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) from Wisconsin. By jointly analyzing these 34 isolates with 26 isolates previously reported, we determined that geographic barriers may limit S. neurona dispersal and that only a limited subset of possible parasite genotypes may have been introduced to recently established opossum populations. Moreover, our study confirms that diverse intermediate hosts share a common infection source, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). 相似文献
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Dubey JP Lindsay DS Saville WJ Reed SM Granstrom DE Speer CA 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,95(2-4):89-131
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious neurological disease of horses in the Americas. The protozoan most commonly associated with EPM is Sarcocystis neurona. The complete life cycle of S. neurona is unknown, including its natural intermediate host that harbors its sarcocyst. Opossums (Didelphis virginiana, Didelphis albiventris) are its definitive hosts. Horses are considered its aberrant hosts because only schizonts and merozoites (no sarcocysts) are found in horses. EPM-like disease occurs in a variety of mammals including cats, mink, raccoons, skunks, Pacific harbor seals, ponies, and Southern sea otters. Cats can act as an experimental intermediate host harboring the sarcocyst stage after ingesting sporocysts. This paper reviews information on the history, structure, life cycle, biology, pathogenesis, induction of disease in animals, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathology, epidemiology, and treatment of EPM caused by S. neurona. 相似文献
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The zoonotic roundworms Toxocara canis and T. cati are not only present worldwide in their definitive hosts; they also frequently occur in other animal species, including humans. In those so-called paratenic hosts, the larvae do not develop into the adult stage, but rather migrate throughout the somatic tissue and persist as infectious L3 stage for extensive periods. Those arrested larvae may lead to severe inflammatory reactions and consequently to a wide range of pathological and clinical manifestations. However, the infected paratenic hosts also constitute a potential source of infection for the definitive hosts or humans who may also function as paratenic hosts. In the present review, current knowledge of larval migration in a variety of possible paratenic hosts is summarized including variations of migration routes and susceptibilities. Furthermore, information about the clinical and pathological changes for the presented species and possible consequences of the somatic migration of larvae, i.e. the resulting tissue damage as well as adverse host reactions to arrested larvae are reviewed. There are still many questions unanswered regarding larval behaviour in hosts other than their definitive host. Therefore, it is of great importance to continue further elaboration on the biology of Toxocara spp. to prevent further spreading of larvae in both the paratenic and the definitive host. 相似文献
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Pfukenyi DM Monrad J Mukaratirwa S 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2005,76(1):9-17
In this paper the main epidemiological aspects of the major domestic ruminant trematode infections in Zimbabwe are reviewed and discussed with regard to the available options for control. Seasonal occurrence of amphistomes, Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mattheei are considered both in the definitive and intermediate hosts. The regional distribution of the trematodes is reviewed in relation to the distribution patterns of their snail intermediate hosts. Based on the epidemiological features of the trematodes, practical control measures are suggested. 相似文献
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Mullaney T Murphy AJ Kiupel M Bell JA Rossano MG Mansfield LS 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,133(1):27-36
Opossums (Didelphis spp.) are the definitive host for the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona, the causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Opossums shed sporocysts in feces that can be ingested by true intermediate hosts (cats, raccoons, skunks, armadillos and sea otters). Horses acquire the parasite by ingestion of feed or water contaminated by opossum feces. However, horses have been classified as aberrant intermediate hosts because the terminal asexual sarcocyst stage that is required for transmission to the definitive host has not been found in their tissues despite extensive efforts to search for them [Dubey, J.P., Lindsay, D.S., Saville, W.J., Reed, S.M., Granstrom, D.E., Speer, C.A., 2001b. A review of Sarcocystis neurona and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Vet. Parasitol. 95, 89-131]. In a 4-month-old filly with neurological disease consistent with EPM, we demonstrate schizonts in the brain and spinal cord and mature sarcocysts in the tongue and skeletal muscle, both with genetic and morphological characteristics of S. neurona. The histological and electron microscopic morphology of the schizonts and sarcocysts were identical to published features of S. neurona [Stanek, J.F., Dubey, J.P., Oglesbee, M.J., Reed, S.M., Lindsay, D.S., Capitini, L.A., Njoku, C.J., Vittitow, K.L., Saville, W.J., 2002. Life cycle of Sarcocystis neurona in its natural intermediate host, the raccoon, Procyon lotor. J. Parasitol. 88, 1151-1158]. DNA from schizonts and sarcocysts from this horse produced Sarcocystis specific 334bp PCR products [Tanhauser, S.M., Yowell, C.A., Cutler, T.J., Greiner, E.C., MacKay, R.J., Dame, J.B., 1999. Multiple DNA markers differentiate Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula. J. Parasitol. 85, 221-228]. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of these PCR products showed banding patterns characteristic of S. neurona. Sequencing, alignment and comparison of both schizont and sarcocyst DNA amplicons showed 100% identity. Although Koch's postulates have not been demonstrated in this case study, the finding of mature, intact S. neurona schizonts and sarcocysts in the tissues of this single horse strongly suggests that horses have the potential to act as intermediate hosts. Further studies are needed to demonstrate Koch's postulates with repeated transfer of S. neurona between opossums and horses. 相似文献
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Tian M Chen Y Wu L Rosenthal BM Liu X He Y Dunams DB Cui L Yang Z 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,183(3-4):373-376
Sarcocystis nesbitti was first described by Mandour in 1969 from rhesus monkey muscle. Its definitive host remains unknown. 18S rRNA gene of S. nesbitti was amplified, sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Among those congeners available for comparison, it shares closest affinity with those species of Sarcocystis which use snakes as definitive hosts. We therefore hypothesize that a snake may serve as the definitive host for S. nesbitti. 相似文献
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B Gjerde 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1984,25(3):411-418
Fresh preparations of microisolated sarcocysts from striated muscle of several domestic reindeer from northern Norway were examined by light microscopy. In cardiac muscle, cysts of S. grueneri were found. In skeletal muscle, cysts of S. rangiferi, S. tarandi and S. tarandivulpes were found in all samples examined. In the abdominal muscles of some reindeer, one or two other types of cysts were found.Cysts of one type were macroscopic in size, and ovoid to cylindrical in shape. The cysts were surrounded by a 8–12 µm thick layer of fibrous material, and measured 1682×910 µm. The cysts had relatively few and irregularly distributed, 20–35 µm long, and 3–5 µm wide, linguiform cyst wall protrusions, which could only be seen after removal of the fibrous layer. These cysts were classified as cysts of S. hardangeri, a species previously described from wild reindeer in southern Norway.Cysts of the other type were long and slender, measuring 5460–12700 (8994 ± 2575) × 95–280 (180 ± 50) µm. The cysts had numerous very fine, flexible, hair-like cyst wall protrusions, which were 8–10 [xm long and less than 0.5 µm thick. These cysts are considered to belong to a new Sarcocystis species of reindeer, for which the name Sarcocystis rangi n, sp. is proposed. The reindeer is recorded as the intermediate host for 6 different species of Sarcocystis. 相似文献
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Cystic echinococcosis is a widespread zoonosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The definitive hosts are carnivores and the intermediate hosts are grazing animals. Because humans are often accidentally infected with the cystic stage of the parasite, a control program is being developed for Western China. Western Sichuan Province in China is a highly endemic area. In this study, we built an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate and assess possible control strategies. These included dog dosing, control of livestock slaughter, health education, vaccination of intermediate hosts, vaccination of definitive hosts, slow-released praziquantel injections for dogs, removing unproductive old livestock, dog population reduction. These strategies were examined singly and in various combinations. The results show that vaccination based control strategies and also combined control strategies (dog dosing, slaughter control, removing old livestock, dog population reduction) can achieve a higher efficiency and be more feasible. Although monthly dog dosing achieved the highest efficiency, it required a high frequency and reliability, which were not feasible or sustainable. The model also indicated that transmission would recover soon after the chosen control strategy was stopped, indicating the need to move from a successful attack phase to a sustainable consolidation phase. 相似文献