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1.
敌百虫对南方农田土壤动物多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用敌百虫杀虫剂对南方农田土壤动物进行染毒模拟实验,共获得土壤动物679只,隶属1门20目1亚目,其中前气门亚目(Prostigmata)和弹尾目(Collembola)为优势类群,共占土壤动物全捕获量的54.93%,其余为常见类群和稀有类群。实验结果表明,随敌百虫处理浓度的增加,土壤动物的个体数量和类群数减少,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)均表现出递减趋势,而Simpson优势度指数(C)则递增。在一定的染毒历时(24~72 h)内,随着染毒时间的增加,所获得的土壤动物的类群数和个体数量呈下降趋势。 相似文献
2.
苯磺隆除草剂对农田土壤动物影响的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过苯磺隆除草剂的模拟实验,研究了除草剂对土壤动物的影响。本实验共获得土壤动物1031个,隶属3门、5纲、9目。其中弹尾目和甲螨亚目为优势类群,其余为常见类群。本实验结果表明,随着苯磺隆除草剂处理浓度的提高,土壤动物种类和数量呈递减趋势。弹尾目和甲螨亚目可作为农药污染的重要指示生物。 相似文献
3.
对章古台沙地典型人工林的大型土壤动物群落进行调查,共捕获大型土壤动物59类,1689只,隶属于2门4纲14目43科,优势类群为蚁科和金龟子科(幼虫),常见类群7类,稀有类群50类。不同人工林大型土壤动物的数量及种类组成差异很大,通常,群落的生境条件越优越,土壤动物的个体数量和种类越多。各群落土壤动物多样性指数排序为油松(2.5313)>小叶杨(2.3319)>樟子松(1.6423)>赤松(1.4651)。土壤动物的个体数量、种类、生物量及多样性指数具有较明显的时间动态变化。 相似文献
4.
2003年10~11月,对金华北山落叶阔叶林和常绿阔叶林大型土壤动物进行了调查,共获得大型土壤动物1445只,隶属3门,7纲,18目。其中近孔寡毛目(线蚓科)、鞘翅目为优势类群,正蚓目、弹尾目、膜翅目、双翅目、蜘蛛目、蜱螨目为常见类群。通过对两个样地大型土壤动物的对比分析,落叶阔叶林和常绿阔叶林的大型土壤动物优势类群、常见类群组成成分及类群数基本相同,群落多样性和均匀性指数差异不大。在垂直分布上,两者的变化基本一致,类群数和个体数量随土层的加深呈递减趋势,且表聚现象明显。土壤养分和pH值与大型土壤动物群落组成和结构密切相关。 相似文献
5.
扎龙湿地苔藓群落土壤动物的分布及多样性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2007年4—5月份和2008年4—5月份,对扎龙湿地苔藓群落土壤动物进行了调查。通过对扎龙湿地苔藓群落土壤动物生态特征的研究,共捕获土壤动物22类、7384只,隶属于4门7纲17目25科;包括大型种类2788只,中小型种类4596只。优势类群为线虫纲、线蚓科和蚁科;常见类群有轮虫纲、鞘翅目、鞘翅目幼虫、蜱螨目、双翅目幼虫、疣跳虫科、盲蛛目。土壤动物的垂直分布表现出明显的表聚性;多样性的各项指数2007年均高于2008年,但2008年的种类和数量明显高于2007年。多样性指数与丰富度指数反映一致的变化规律;均匀性指数和优势度指数则表现不明显。 相似文献
6.
大兴安岭北部森林生态系统土壤动物组成与多样性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对大兴安岭北部7个代表性森林群落土壤动物进行调查,共捕获湿生土壤动物20216只,大、中小型土壤动物87类,19577只,隶属于4门9纲23目66科。大、中小型土壤动物的优势类群为螨类和节跳虫科,常见类群4类,两者占总捕获量的92.22%。各群落土壤动物的数量和种类组成有一定差异,其中杨落Ⅱ和白桦Ⅲ的数量和种类最多,柳草Ⅶ最少。7个群落共有类群23类,共优类群为螨类中的前气门亚目和中气门亚目,共有的常见类群2类:山跳虫科和线蚓科。7个群落间相似程度均较大,大多为中等相似。各群落土壤动物数量和种类在土壤各层的垂直分布上具有明显表聚性。在多样性分析中,各群落多样性指数H′大小为柳草Ⅶ>白桦Ⅲ>杨落Ⅱ>落沼Ⅳ>樟子松Ⅵ>桦杜Ⅰ>蒙古栎Ⅴ。大部分群落多样性指数的动态变化是8月>6月>10月。 相似文献
7.
农田土壤动物是农田土壤生态系统的重要组成成分。为探讨不同土壤类型的农田土壤及不同经纬度分布对于农田土壤动物的影响,于2010年5月到10月对吉林省内由南向北的农田土壤采集土壤动物,共获取土壤动物4854只,分别隶属于3门7纲18目。优势类群为真螨目(A)和弹尾目(C)。分析结果表明:(1)吉林省内土壤动物的分布由南到北种群种类和数量依次降低。(2)农田黑土土壤动物数量最高,以下依次是黑钙土,风沙土,冲击土,盐碱土。(3)9月份农田土壤动物种类和数量达到最大值。 相似文献
8.
2007年8月~10月采用大型改良干漏斗和手拣法对南京方山生态公园针阔混交林、茶园、农田等3种典型人工植被类型的土壤动物群落结构进行初步调查,共采得土壤动物样本1741个,隶属于3门9纲共25个类群。结果表明:蜱螨目(Acarina)、弹尾纲(Collembola)和线蚓科(Enchytraeidae)为3种人工植被生境的常年优势类群;等足目(Isopoda)、线虫纲(Nematoda)、双翅目(Diptera)和寡毛纲(Oligochaela)则为常年常见类群。土壤动物个体数量总数依次为茶园混交林农田;不同月份、不同植被类型以及不同月份与不同植被类型之间土壤动物群落的组成有所不同。多样性分析表明,类群多样性和丰富度指数茶园最高;均匀性指数茶园8月最高,10月农田最高。但三种人工植被类型土壤动物类群的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀性指数等无显著差异。土壤动物的类群垂直分布差异明显,类群数随土层向下逐步减少。 相似文献
9.
对广州市越秀区和天河区3种土地利用方式(绿地、林地、农田)下、6种不同样地(人民公园东部绿地、天河体育中心广场绿地、华南植物园、华南农业大学树木园、郊区岑村农田和郊区凤凰街农田)中小型土壤动物群落的数量和结构组成、分布及其变化规律进行了研究。调查期间共获得中小型土壤动物1 365个,共25个类群,分别隶属于7门16个类群,优势类群为线虫纲(Nematoda)、蜱螨目(Acarina)和弹尾目(Collembola),共占总捕获量的83.44%。不同样地生境中土壤动物的类群组成以及个体数不同。各样地土壤动物群落复杂性指数(C)以华南植物园为最高,达2.822,人民公园绿地为最低。观测样地中小型土壤动物表现出明显的表聚现象,垂直分布有明显差异,类群数和个体数随深度增加而减少。群落排序的结果显示,土壤动物群落对人类活动干扰的响应有所不同,其中倍足纲(Diplopoda)和石目(Archaeognatha)这两类土壤动物为稀有类群,仅在观测的林地类样地中有分布,对干扰最为敏感,可用于指示城市化进程S中土地利用类型的变化。 相似文献
10.
为了解长江中下游地区不同农田土地利用方式对中小型土壤动物群落的影响,在吴江市设置3组样地161采样点,共捕获中小型土壤动物20906只,隶属于5门11纲14目21类。其中,线虫纲为优势类群,弹尾目、蜱螨目、猛水蚤目、轮虫纲和寡毛纲为常见类群。农田土地利用方式对中小型土壤动物密度产生明显的影响,灌溉水田土壤动物密度分别是旱地与菜地的1.6倍以上,且差异显著,但3类土地利用方式的土壤动物类群总数无显著差异。灌溉水田土壤动物多样性H′指数分别是旱地与菜地的0.42和0.46倍,且差异显著,但旱地和菜地无显著差异。皆为旱作的旱地与菜地的中小型土壤动物群落间类群及其个体数量相似程度较高,而灌溉水田与旱地或灌溉水田与菜地间中小型土壤动物群落相似程度较低。因此,农田土地利用方式和具体措施对中小型土壤动物群落组成与结构特征有一定的影响。 相似文献
11.
Effects of a sulfonylurea herbicide on soil microarthropods 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
L. Rebecchi M. A. Sabatini C. Cappi P. Grazioso A. Vicari G. Dinelli R. Bertolani 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,30(4):312-317
The short-term effects on soil microarthropods of the herbicide triasulfuron, belonging to the chemical class of sulfonylureas,
were evaluated in two fields which had never been treated with sulfonylureas, and were cultivated with winter wheat. In particular,
the effects of single applications at rates corresponding to two- (rate 2) and sixfold (rate 6) the recommended agricultural
rate (7.5 g active ingredient ha–1) were analysed and compared with controls. The changes in the populations of the main groups of microarthropods were evaluated.
Rate 2 had very low effects, whereas rate 6 produced a significant decrease in the number of microarthropods, Acarina and
Collembola in the surface soil layer (0–7.5 cm). The Collembola were analysed at the species level. Statistical analysis revealed
significant differences only for a few species, and only after treatment with the highest rate of triasulfuron. Finally, the
results of the field tests were compared to those of laboratory tests carried out previously, which examined the effects of
the same herbicide on a collembolan species.
Received: 11 November 1998 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(2):179-188
Abstract Moldboard plowing, chisel plowing and no‐till methods were used to produce field corn (Zea mays) in an old grass sod. Grain yields were similar ranging between 13,100 and 14,186 kg/ha. The greatest spread in soil temperatures was only 2.1 C with the plowed soil always being warmest. Mean soil organic matter levels of the surface soil ranged between 1.9 percent on the moldboard plowed plots and 3.3 on the no‐till plots. Ten species of soil Collembola were identified. Collembola and Acarina populations were concentrated in the surface 5 cm of soil and were present in greatest numbers in the No‐Till soil. 相似文献
13.
Vassilis Detsis 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2009,45(5-6):409-416
Soil Collembola populations exhibit a non-random distribution pattern, which has been associated with a number of environmental variables. The purpose of this study is a) to investigate the patterns of aggregation and the relationship of the population density of selected soil Collembola species to environmental variables and b) to test whether numerical abundance and biomass as measures of population density lead to consistent results regarding these aspects of their ecology. A gradient of soil organic matter content and a gradient of soil pH, both occurring within limited space, were studied in two different sites. Taylor's b was used as an aggregation index. Two multiple regression models were estimated for each dominant species in each study site linking numerical abundance or biomass to environmental variables. The species studied exhibited different degrees of aggregation. These differences matched closely the differences in the strength of the association between population density and soil organic matter or pH, depending on the site. The regression models estimated for the biomass of species for which accurate methods of biomass estimation are available, exhibited a better fit than the models estimated for the numerical abundance of the same population. 相似文献
14.
The Sanjiang Plain, the second largest marsh in China, has experienced intensive cultivation over the past 50 years. Most of the marshlands were converted to soybean and rice fields. However, little is known about the effects of tillage on the soil fauna. 9 treatments, including original marshland soil, rice and soybean cultivation with and without fertilizer and herbicide applications, were imitated with 135 buckets under greenhouse conditions. The soil characteristics and Collembola in these treatments were investigated for one plant growth season.The soil environment was deteriorated (as indicated by the decreased soil oxidizable organic matter, total nitrogen and soil water content and increased soil compaction) by soybean and rice cultivation treatments. The densities and species richness of Collembola significantly decreased in the rice cultivation treatments but not in the soybean cultivation treatments. For the soybean cultivation treatments, density and species richness of the soil Collembola significantly increased in the fertilizer, herbicide and fertilizer + herbicide application treatments. It probably caused by increasing root and shoot biomass in these treatments.It is concluded that the tillage treatments in a wetland soil had both qualitative and quantitative adverse effects on the soil collembolans, and these effects might further alter the soil ecological processes. 相似文献
15.
长江三峡库区土壤动物群落结构初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
于长江三峡大坝工程开工前的1998年,对三峡库区几个地点（秭归、万县、神农架）不同海拔和生境下的土壤动物群落进行了调查研究.研究表明,整个地区不同生境中土壤动物的优势类群为线虫;常见类群有螨、弹尾目、线蚓、熊虫和猛水蚤目等;同一地点不同植被下,土壤动物类群之间存在着一定的相似性和差异.相关性检验表明：土壤节肢动物类群数与个体数之间的相关性受海拔、植被影响不大.研究还发现,生境条件（海拔、植被类型等）越优越,土壤动物的多样性指数越高.不同群落相似性比较显示,海拔相同、植被相近的群落相似性指数高.对线虫、螨类和弹尾目的数量差异分析表明,秭归地区三个类群受植被、海拔影响不大;万县地区海拔对蜱螨、弹尾目影响较大;神农架地区线虫分布受植被影响较大,螨类和弹尾目在不同植被和土层广布,而该地区枯枝落叶层中螨类数量随植被、海拔变化显著. 相似文献
16.
Laboratory experiments were conducted using intact collembolan communities, exposed to Madit D®, a phenylurea herbicide (active ingredient isoproturon). Effects were investigated using two distinct humus types, an acid Dysmoder and a neutral Eumull. Within two weeks, no effect of the herbicide was displayed by the Eumull population, while the Dysmoder population was stimulated. When animals were able to escape from the herbicide through a perforated wall separating two compartments filled with natural soil, the behavior of collembolan communities exhibited interactive (non-additive) effects of humus type and herbicide application. The combination of an acid soil (supposedly providing greater tolerance to organic pollutants) with a neutral soil, increased biodiversity of Collembola, but caused the disappearance of some acido-sensitive species, pointing to complex relationships between pesticides, soils and soil organisms. Parallel experiments with single species demonstrated that at the recommended dose Madit D® may cause avoidance effects, but no toxicity. 相似文献
17.
不同种植年限转基因抗虫棉对土壤中小型节肢动物的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2007~2008年,在分别于1999年、2002年和2006年种植Cry1Ac基因抗虫棉的棉田中,于棉花的苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期采集土壤样品,采用改良的Tullgren法收集土壤中的中小型节肢动物,以监测长期种植转基因抗虫棉对土壤节肢动物群落的影响。2年8次采样共获得12类中小型节肢动物,隶属于节肢动物门中的7纲10目,其中弹尾目、蜱螨目、蜘蛛目为本地区棉田中的优势类群,综合纲、双翅目、半翅目、双尾目、鞘翅目和同翅目为常见类群。广义线性混合模型分析结果表明,随着转基因抗虫棉种植年限的增加,各转基因抗虫棉田中的土壤主要类群中小型节肢动物的个体密度和多样性指数没有产生显著性差异,但是随着采样时期的不同各棉田土壤主要中小型节肢动物的个体密度和群落多样性指数均呈显著性季节变化。主成分分析表明,弹尾目、蜘蛛目、蜱螨目的得分值较高,可作为本地区未来转基因抗虫棉环境影响监测的重要指标生物。 相似文献
18.
西双版纳热带人工林与次生林土壤动物群落结构时空变化初查 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15
在西双版纳热带雨林地区,对３类人工林和１类次生林土壤动物群落结构的时空变化进行了调查。结果表明;蜱螨目和弹尾目在所查４类林地中为常年优势类群;４类林地中,土壤动物类群数和个体数均呈相同的季节消长规律,干热季（４月）〉雨季（８月）〉干凉季（１月）,各林地优势类群的种群数量在４月呈现剧增;次生林土壤动物群落类群数,个人本数及多样性在全年高于人工林,林地表层土壤动物拓全年明显多于底层。 相似文献