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1.
东非狼尾草(PennisetumclandestinumHochst.ex.Chiov.)又名隐花狼尾草,英文名为"Kikuyugrass”,原产于东非.云南省通过中澳技术合作项目于1984年从澳大利亚引入威提特等品种;经在不同气候带种植观测,品种威提特在云南的广大亚热带和暖温带表现优良,通过种子自然繁殖和人工无性繁殖,现已在一定区域成为分布较广的单优群落.该草具有高消化率、高蛋白质、低纤维、适口性好、对氮肥反应敏感、耐重牧、耐干旱、竞争力强等优良特性,也是优良的水土保持植物和草坪草.通过种子繁殖和无性繁殖的成本比较,采用种子繁殖是较好经济的推广措施;在云南,威提特东非狼尾草的种子成熟较好,由于种子成熟被包于叶鞘中,收籽比较困难,限制了该草的大面积推广利用.因种子进口价格昂贵,故应加"威提特东非狼尾草种子收种技术的研究”. 相似文献
2.
威提特东非狼尾草在云南的种植表现 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
东非狼尾草(Pennisetumclandestinum)原产非洲东部的厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚等国,后经澳大利亚育种家选育,于1970年通过品种审定登记为栽培种威提特(cv.Whittet),云南省肉牛和牧草研究中心1983年在“中澳牲畜与草场改良项目”期间从澳大利亚引进[1]。在云南相应气候带的种植试验表明,东非狼尾草在云南的亚热带和北亚热带地区生长表现较好,具有产量高,适口性好的特点,近年来逐渐在亚热带人工混播草地中作为当家牧草品种。另外,由于其匍匐生长、竞争力强、耐瘠薄、耐践踏的特性,也被广泛使用在公路护坡、园林绿化等生态建设中。威提… 相似文献
3.
东非狼尾草具有草坪草的许多优良特性：相当强的竞争力,较好的覆盖率,粗壮的匍匐茎,叶量大,能形成覆盖度较大的低矮的草皮层,耐践踏性极强,耐旱耐涝性强,枯黄期较短,管理粗放,自身修复能力强等。这些特点说明东非狼尾草具有较高的坪用价值,应在各种城乡绿地中管理粗放、践踏强度大、频率高的场所大力推广使用。 相似文献
4.
不同脱粒方法对狼尾草种子数量和质量的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
比较了8种脱粒方法对威提特东非狼尾草Pennisetum clandestinum cv.whittet种子数量和质量的影响,结果表明,人工锤打脱粒法获得的种子破损率最低,纯净度和发芽率最高;木刀脱粒机脱粒法(筛孔直径0.8 cm)获得的种子数量最多, 10 kg种子材料可获得937.3 g种子,种子的破损率也较小,为8.37%,种子的纯净度为88.33%,种子的发芽率高达92.33%,仅次于人工锤打脱粒法.综合排名表明,人工锤打脱粒法和木刀脱粒机脱粒法(筛孔直径0.8 cm)同为第一,但人工锤打脱粒种子数量偏低,费时费力,经济效益不高.因此,最终确定木刀脱粒机脱粒法(筛孔直径0.8 cm)为威提特东非狼尾草种子脱粒的最佳方法. 相似文献
5.
东非狼尾草具有草坪草的许多优良特性：相当强的竞争力,较好的覆盖率,粗壮的匍匐茎,叶量大,能形成覆盖度较大的低矮的草皮层,耐践踏性极强,耐旱耐涝性强,枯黄期较短,管理粗放,自身修复能力强等。这些特点说明东非狼尾草具有较高的坪用价值,应在各种城乡绿地中管理粗放、践踏强度大、频率高的场所大力推广使用。 相似文献
6.
东非狼尾草具有草坪草的许多优良特性:相当强的竞争力,较好的覆盖率,粗壮的匍匐茎,叶量大,能形成覆盖度较大的低矮的草皮层,耐践踏性极强,耐旱耐涝性强,枯黄期较短,管理粗放,自身修复能力强等。这些特点说明东非狼尾草具有较高的坪用价值,应在各种城乡绿地中管理粗放、践踏强度大、频率高的场所大力推广使用。 相似文献
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8.
刈牧兼用型优良禾草——纳罗克非洲狗尾草 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
非洲狗尾草(Setaria sphacelata Stapf)简称狗尾草、原产东非。云南1983年从澳大利亚引入纳罗克品种cv.narok,在云南省内亚热带地区种植、观测,表现较好,推广种植面积现已在400公顷以上。该草主要特点是:适应性强、耐牧、耐刈割、寿命长、产草量和产籽量均较高。目前,种子已销往广西等区种植。总之,该草是南方亚热带山地草场改良的重要牧草之一。 相似文献
9.
<正> 本文所讨论的牧场上应用的优良牧草是看它在价格合理时优质种子或播种材料的连续效用的大小。在很多热带国家,种子供应不足已经成为开发草地的主要障碍。有些种如坚尼草(Panicum maximum)长期出现供应短缺,有些品系如非洲臂形草(Brachi—aria decumbens)通常很差,难于收种子的草如 Lotononis bainesii 和东非狼尾草(Pennisetum clandestinum)种子价格很高。另一方面,近十年来在改良热带牧草种子生产的技术上已有很大的发展。在鉴定种子高 相似文献
10.
杂交狼尾草是美洲狼尾草和象草杂交产生的杂种,其后代不结实生产上通常用杂交一代种子繁殖或无性繁殖。该品种是一种热带型牧草,在长江中下游种植,一般产鲜草15万千克/公顷,且鲜草粗蛋白质含量高,氨基酸含量比较平衡是喂养禽畜和鱼类的优质饲料。株型紧凑,高约300厘米,根系发达,分蘖11.2个,最多达15~20个,成穗茎蘖4~5个茎直立、圆形;主茎叶片20多片披针形,长60~70厘米,单株粒重75.49克,种子千粒重7.0克籽实灰色,米质粳性,可食用,更是优质精料。 相似文献
11.
Kanga JS Kanengoni AT Makgothi OG Baloyi JJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1797-1802
A study was carried out to determine voluntary forage intake and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed a mixed forage and concentrate diet. Twenty-five 8-week-old Large White?×?Landrace crossbred male pigs (27?±?3.8?kg) were blocked by weight into five groups, and each was randomly allocated to four indoor treatments (A, B, C, and D), which received 100, 90, 80, and 70?% of ad lib concentrated intake and an outdoor treatment (E) that received 80?% of ad lib concentrate. Indoor treatments were either fed the concentrate only (A) or also received freshly cut Kikuyu grass (Pennissetum clandestinum) ad libitum (B, C, and D), while pigs on treatment E were reared outdoors in Kikuyu grass paddocks. There was a significant correlation between the amount of concentrate offered and its intake (P??0.05). Mean acid-insoluble ash digestibility estimates of organic and dry matter were superior to C(32) estimates (P?相似文献
12.
R K Reinecke R Kirkpatrick L Swart A M Kriel F Frank 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1987,54(1):27-38
Regular worm counts were done post-mortem on sheep that had grazed on Kikuyu pastures at the Elsenburg Research Station near Stellenbosch, a winter rainfall region. Major species were Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei, while Ostertagia circumcincta was usually present in large numbers. Minor species were Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus spathiger, Dictyocaulus filaria, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris spp., Chabertia ovina and larvae of the arthropod Oestrus ovis. Muellerius capillaris caused the formation of nodules in the lungs but were not counted. The trial started in April 1982 and was concluded in March 1984. One hundred and four sheep died or were slaughtered and 99 were examined post-mortem during this period. Total worm burdens rose to a peak of 88,763 (range 67,281-124,735) worms in March 1983, i.e. sheep mortality was such that the flock had to be treated with an anthelmintic in April 1983 to prevent further losses. Kikuyu pastures provide shade, form an excellent mat, the humus layer under the grass retains moisture and is an excellent incubator for preinfective larvae and a protector for infective larvae. If these qualities are combined with more than 100 mm of rain in spring and summer, Kikuyu pastures are a paradise for the free-living stages. 相似文献
13.
J.P. Marais 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(2):106-110
The effect of the nitrogen content of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) on the oxalate and calcium content of leaf and stem material was investigated. The grass contained equal portions of soluble and insoluble oxalate. Leaf material contained more than three times as much total oxalate as stem tissue. A high nitrogen content was associated with a high insoluble oxalate content of the sward. The calcium content of both leaf and stem material was extremely low. Results suggested that approximately 95% of the calcium could be bound as calcium oxalate and would probably not be available to ruminants. The bio‐availability of calcium in the herbage tended to decrease with an increase in nitrogen content of the grass. 相似文献
14.
Abstract An experiment was conducted on Smuts finger (Digitaria eriantha ssp. eriantha) and Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures during a winter and spring period to study the effect of postruminal energy and/or protein supplementation on the selection pattern and performance of sheep. In a further experiment the digestion and utilization of these pastures were quantified. Voluntary intake on both pastures was not significantly affected by postruminal addition of casein but glucose tended to depress intake. In vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) and crude protein content of oesophageal samples were not significantly influenced by either casein or glucose. Consequently, it was concluded that postruminal amino acid and energy supply do not alter the quality of pasture selection but, depending on circumstances, the amount eaten may be affected. The amount of non‐ammonia nitrogen (NAN) in winter and spring samples flowing through the abomasum was proportional to the nitrogen (N) content in the grass organic matter (OM), while the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was approximately associated with the digestible OM (DOM) intake. N retention on Smuts finger was significantly higher than on Kikuyu. One of the reasons appears to be less unavailable N in the cell wall of Smuts finger than in the cell wall of kikuyu grass. 相似文献
15.
Kikuyu poisoning of cattle in New South Wales and its relationship to pasture fungi on kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the late summer and autumn of 1980 kikuyu poisoning of cattle was diagnosed on 9 farms in New South Wales resulting in 213 deaths among 1370 cattle at risk. Clinical, autopsy and histopathological findings are described and are consistent with those previously recorded. Kikuyu grass samples from 5 paddocks in which deaths were occurring were examined for the presence of fungi. Myrothecium spp were not present. Fusarium semitectum, F. moniliforme var subglutinans, Penicillium spp and a Phoma sp were the most common fungi isolated but with the exception of F. semitectum were not consistently present. F. semitectum was present in adjacent kikuyu grass paddocks in which deaths were not occurring. Two of the farms had army caterpillar (Mythimna convecta) infestations. Army caterpillar faeces present in these paddocks did not contain Myrothecium spp; the fungi present reflected the population present on the kikuyu grass. These findings do not suggest a mycotic cause for kikuyu poisoning. 相似文献
16.
Maria deFigueiredo J.P. Marais N.M. Tainton 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(2):99-103
Small‐scale laboratory silos were used to study the fermentation process of Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst) silage prepared from grass containing 25% and 40% dry matter. Silage made from grass containing 40% dry matter was found to be better preserved and of better quality than silage made from wetter grass. The better preservation and quality of the drier grass was reflected in the lower production of ammonia‐N (0,19 vs 0,26%) and total volatile fatty acids (5,48 vs 16,27%). Better quality was also reflected in the higher content of crude protein (16,3 vs 14,4%), true protein (9,0 vs 7,0%), residual total non‐structural carbohydrates (2,4 vs 2,3%), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (58,7 vs 55,2%). Both low and high dry matter silages had a low lactic‐acid content and high pH throughout fermentation. Both silages were of the acetate type. 相似文献
17.
Horak IG 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1999,66(3):175-184
Individual calves, exposed to infestation for 14 d on dry-land Kikuyu grass pastures on the coast near Alexandria, were slaughtered at approximately monthly intervals over a period of 2 years and examined for ticks. Although seven species were recovered total tick burdens were for the most part low. Changing the acaricide with which other cattle on the farm, but not the survey calves, were treated from an organophosphate-based compound to a synthetic pyrethroid resulted in a marked sustained reduction in the number of ticks on the calves. Successive pairs of yearling cattle exposed to infestation on a farm in Valley Bushveld were slaughtered at monthly intervals over a period of 2 years and examined for ixodid ticks. Eleven species were recovered, of which Amblyomma hebraeum, Haemaphysalis silacea, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum were the most abundant and prevalent. Adult A. hebraeum were generally most numerous from early to late summer, adult R. appendiculatus from mid to late summer, and adult R. glabroscutatum from spring to mid-summer. 相似文献
18.
香根草是一种高大的、簇生成丛的禾本科多年生草本植物,也是一种优良的热带牧草,香根草有很多用途,特别是在作为一种廉价而有效的,并且有利于生态环境的抗击土壤侵蚀的工具方面发挥着很重要的作用。目前香根草已被世界上100多个国家列为理想的水土保持植物种之一。香根草生态工程技术也曾被国际评估委员会评为全世界71项持续发展技术中最为优秀的项目,受到热带、亚热带地区的政府、科学家和使用者的高度重视,已在这些地区的山坡地水土保持、路基护坡、海滩和河岸固土以及污染治理等领域广泛应用。本文将重点介绍我国香根草种质资源领域的研究现状,同时对目前存在的一些问题进行分析说明,为将来我国香根草种质资源的开发利用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
19.
《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):93-101
The seasonality of growth and low nutritional value of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture restrict milk production. The aim of the study was to determine the dry matter yield, botanical composition and nutritional value of irrigated kikuyu over-sown with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum), white clover (Trifolium repens) and red clover (T. pratense) or a mixture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with white and red clovers under intensive grazing conditions with dairy cows. The incorporation of annual ryegrass, perennial clover or perennial ryegrass–clover into kikuyu pasture changed the seasonal fodder flow and increased the spring dry matter (DM) production. The over-sowing of kikuyu with annual ryegrass had no effect on the DM production of kikuyu during the summer and autumn. Kikuyu and kikuyu–ryegrass, fertilised with nitrogen fertiliser, had a higher DM production rate than kikuyu–clover pastures. Kikuyu–ryegrass pasture transformed from ryegrass-dominant in spring to kikuyu-dominant in summer and only kikuyu in autumn. This led to a decrease in metabolisable energy (ME) and increase in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of the pasture during spring, summer and autumn as kikuyu became more dominant. The clover content of kikuyu over-sown with clover decreased annually but was still higher than 30% at the end of two years after establishment. As the kikuyu content of the kikuyu–clover pastures increased, the seasonal growth rate changed from a low autumn growth (37.9 kg DM ha?1 d?1) in the first year to a higher autumn growth (48.5 kg DM ha?1 d?1) in the second year. The over-sowing of kikuyu with clover resulted in lower DM production and NDF values and higher crude protein (CP), ME and calcium (Ca) values. The lowest CP content in kikuyu–ryegrass pasture was during summer and autumn when kikuyu was dominant. The Ca content of the grass pastures (kikuyu and kikuyu–ryegrass) was low. The phosphorus (P) content of both the kikuyu–clover and grass pastures exceeded the requirement needed for dairy production (0.38%). The mean Ca:P ratio of the kikuyu–clover pasture meets the 1.6:1 ratio needed by dairy cows. The kikuyu and kikuyu–ryegrass pasture had a Ca:P ratio lower than 1:1 and Ca supplementation would be needed for dairy cows. The incorporation of annual ryegrass, perennial clover or perennial ryegrass–clover into kikuyu pasture improved the seasonal DM production and nutritional value of the pasture. 相似文献
20.
“新农一号”狗牙根足球场草坪的建植与管理技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过总结“新农一号”狗牙根在新疆托克孙县建植足球场草坪的成功经验,探索了我国西北干旱、半干旱地区利用“新农一号”狗牙根建植运动场草坪的建植和养护管理技术。初步形成了适合该地区运动场草坪的建植和养护管理技术规范。对同等地区运动场草坪的建植及养护管理具有指导性意义。 相似文献