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1.
利用显微介导远缘杂交技术将河蟹总DNA直接导入镜鲤受精卵内,再利用AFLP分子标记技术检测显微介导河蟹基因镜鲤的外源DNA。在30对AFLP引物中,有3对引物扩增出供体基因片段,即在显微介导河蟹基因镜鲤中均有和河蟹基因相同而对照镜鲤没有的条带。对6尾阳性显微介导河蟹基因镜鲤的扩增产物进行回收、克隆和测序验证。结果表明:阳性显微介导河蟹基因在镜鲤中均含有供体基因目的片段。本研究在分子和基因水平上验证了河蟹总DNA可通过显微介导方式整合到镜鲤基因组中,为显微介导外源总DNA转化技术的应用提供新的思路。  相似文献   

2.
本文通过显微注射方法,将中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)总DNA直接导入鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)受精卵内,获得显微介导中国对虾基因鲤。为了研究显微介导中国对虾基因鲤蛋白质的表达变化,利用i TRAQ技术定量蛋白质测序分析了未进行显微介导和显微介导中国明对虾基因的2种鲤的肌肉组织,寻找与氨基酸和脂肪酸相关的差异表达蛋白,并分析了差异表达蛋白GO功能注释和KEGG代谢通路。结果共鉴定蛋白质999个,表达差异蛋白92个,其中上调蛋白58个,下调蛋白34个。差异蛋白Pathway富集分析表明,显著富集于脂肪酸和氨基酸等代谢通路上的差异蛋白有13个,其中在精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路中发现的上调7.51倍的肌酸激酶(creatine kinase)有促进鱼类肌肉发育的作用;而在脂肪酸代谢通路中发现的下调0.59倍的线粒体三功能蛋白(mitochondrial trifunctional protein),有提高鱼体内多种饱和与不饱和脂肪酸含量的作用。同时对筛选到的两个蛋白进行实时荧光定量PCR验证,证实了蛋白质组的分析结果。  相似文献   

3.
为系统了解渔盐一体化生态养殖模式下中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的营养价值,通过测定其肌肉基本营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、总糖),蛋白质的氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、维生素和无机元素等,对其营养价值进行评价。结果显示:该养殖模式下,中国明对虾蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.03%,符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;呈味氨基酸含量高达43.73%;脂肪含量低;维生素B3和维生素E含量丰富;富含人体必需的钙、铁、锌、镁、硒等矿质元素,无重金属污染。研究表明:渔盐一体化生态养殖的中国明对虾是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、高矿物质、营养价值较高的优质海产虾类。  相似文献   

4.
从转基因鲤的食用安全角度出发,研究了转基因鲤与正常鲤的营养成分和细菌致突变实验及对食用动物的影响。研究结果表明,转基因鲤与正常鲤肌肉中粗蛋白质含量分别为17.52%和17.45%、粗脂肪含量分别为2.55%和2.83%、灰分分别为1.29%和1.23%、水分分别为78.85%和78.27%,氨基酸总量分别为16.54%和16.77%,经统计分析,二者均无显著差别;其抗病能力虽稍弱于正常鲤鱼,经t值检验,无显著差别。而用转生长激素基因鲤作为食物,食用它的动物的各组织的重金属含量经过检测与对照组动物也没有显著差异(P>0.05),说明外源基因的插入没有引起作为食物的蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸等组成的变化。  相似文献   

5.
对同池饲养的南非斑节对虾和中国明对虾肌肉的营养成分进行了分析比较,结果显示,南非斑节对虾肌肉中的粗脂肪含量显著低于中国明对虾(P0.05);水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、氨基酸含量二者没有显著差异。南非斑节对虾与中国明对虾肌肉的脂肪酸组成有较大差异,南非斑节对虾肌肉中的饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于中国明对虾(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于中国明对虾(P0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸含量二者无显著差异。南非斑节对虾的n-3族多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于中国明对虾的(P0.05),而n-6族多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于中国明对虾(P0.01),表明南非斑节对虾合成n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的能力较差。  相似文献   

6.
醛缩酶(FBA)是糖酵解和糖异生中的关键酶,参与多种生物过程。本研究采用RACE技术,克隆获得中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)FBA基因(Fc FBA)的全长c DNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,中国明对虾Fc FBA基因的c DNA全长为2496 bp,其中,ORF长1098 bp,5~′UTR长79 bp,3~′UTR长1319 bp。完整的阅读框编码365个氨基酸,分子量为39.8 k Da,预测的理论等电点为6.6。同源性及系统进化分析表明,Fc FBA与节肢动物的FBA聚为一类,与卤虫(Artemia franciscana)、家蚕(Bombyx mori)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)的相似度分别是86%、79%和78%。荧光定量PCR结果显示,Fc FBA在肌肉中的相对表达量最高,肝胰腺中最低。WSSV感染后,该基因在鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉中呈现出不同的时空表达特点。ds RNA干扰24 h以后,抑制效率达到最大。与PBS对照组相比,Fc FBA干扰组(ds RNA组)加快了对虾染病后的死亡速度。本研究表明,Fc FBA基因可能参与了中国明对虾生物胁迫的应答反应。  相似文献   

7.
中国明对虾在养殖中表现出较强的竞争行为,对其生长性能产生了较大的影响,然而,到目前为止其发生的分子机制尚不清楚。钙调神经磷酸酶(calcineurin,CN)是高度保守的Ca2+/钙调蛋白(calmodulin,CaM)依赖性丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶,由催化亚基(CNA)和调节亚基(CN-B)组成,是参与许多重要生理过程的多功能蛋白质。CNB在Ca2+/CaM的介导下主要在动物的中枢神经系统发挥重要作用。另外,前期通过比较转录组分析筛选出的与中国明对虾竞争行为相关的候选基因中包括CNB基因。为了进一步明确CNB在中国明对虾竞争过程中的作用,实验通过RACE技术克隆了中国明对虾CNB基因(FcCN-B)的全长cDNA序列,并利用Real-time PCR技术分析了其在高竞争能力组(HCG)和低竞争能力组(LCG)组间不同组织(神经节、心脏、胃、肝胰腺和肠)中的表达情况。结果显示,FcCN-B的cDNA全长序列为2867 bp,包括95 bp的5′非编码区(UTR),540 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),和2232 bp的3′UTR,其中ORF中具有4个保守的EF-hand Ca2+结合结构域。蛋白质同源性分析显示,FcCN-B的氨基酸序列与其他物种具有较高的同源性(78.8%~93.8%),其中最高的是中华绒螯蟹(93.8%)和黑腹果蝇(90.5%);系统进化关系分析显示,脊椎动物和无脊椎动物分别独立为一支,且中国明对虾与中华绒螯蟹单独聚为一支,之后与黑腹果蝇聚类关系最近,提示FcCN-B在中国明对虾中可能具有与其在中华绒螯蟹和果蝇中相类似的功能。Real-time PCR定量结果显示,FcCN-B在HCG组的神经节中的表达极显著高于LCG组,而其在HCG组的心脏中的表达极显著低于LCG组。研究结果表明,calcineurin B基因在中国明对虾的竞争行为中可能发挥一定的作用,将为解析中国明对虾竞争行为的分子机制奠定重要的基础。  相似文献   

8.
不同地域黄河鲤、建鲤肌肉生化组成的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为给黄河鲤肉质改良研究提供科学依据,分别采集了陕西新民家鱼原种场、河南郑州黄河鲤鱼良种场养殖黄河鲤和伊洛河花园口段野生黄河鲤,并与养殖范围较广的建鲤品种(采自辽宁丹东英波鸭绿江生态科技股份有限公司)作了比较分析。应用生化分析方法对4个鲤群体肌肉中的基本营养成分、氨基酸含量以及脂肪酸含量进行了分析。分析结果表明,各群体之间水分和灰分的差异不显著(P0.05),黄河鲤群体的粗脂肪含量除郑州良种场群体外,均显著低于建鲤群体,陕西群体的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他3个鲤群体(P0.05)。陕西群体的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和总呈味氨基酸均最高,必需氨基酸含量为陕西群体伊洛河群体建鲤群体郑州良种场群体。建鲤群体的必需氨基酸指数最高,平均为90.11。郑州良种场群体的单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,建鲤群体多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,而不饱和酸总量最大的为陕西群体,必需脂肪酸最大的为伊洛河群体。以氨基酸评分和化学评分进行评价4个鲤鱼群体的第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,氨基酸评分第二限制性氨基酸均为异亮氨酸,化学评分第二限制性氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸。  相似文献   

9.
中草药对斑节对虾生长、饲料利用和肌肉营养成分的影响   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
研究了中草药对斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon(初始体重0.30g.尾-1)生长性能、饲料利用以及肌肉营养成分和氨基酸的影响。6种实验饲料(按顺序分别为1,2,3,4,5和6)中中草药的添加量分别为0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0和8.0g·kg-1饲料。除了饲料2之外,斑节对虾的成活率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率都显著(P<0.05)优于对照组(饲料1)。投喂饲料3的斑节对虾增重率与对照组相比,虽然统计学上不存在显著差异,但有较大幅度的提高。投喂添加中草药的饲料对斑节对虾肌肉的水分和蛋白质含量无显著影响,但脂肪含量明显下降。结果表明,斑节对虾饲料中添加适量的中草药能够促进生长、显著提高成活率和降低饲料系数,并改变斑节对虾肌肉中脂肪含量和氨基酸组成。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究对虾免疫致敏过程中Dscam基因的表达规律,实验采用同源克隆和RACE技术获得了中国明对虾Dscam基因c DNA全长序列,并对该序列进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,中国明对虾Dscam基因的c DNA全长为6 624 bp,其中包括171 bp的5′端非编码区,459 bp的3′端非编码区,开放阅读框的长度为5 994 bp,编码1 996个氨基酸。推测该基因编码的蛋白含有一个信号肽、10个Ig结构域、6个FNIII功能区、1个胞质尾区和1个跨膜结构域。同源性分析及系统进化分析表明,Dscam基因与节肢动物的Dscam基因首先聚为一类,且与凡纳滨对虾的同源性最高,为92.4%。连续投喂6 d热灭活白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)饵料来诱导免疫致敏反应,在0、6和12 d及二次感染后的12、24、48、72和168 h分别取样,用RT-PCR的方法检测中国明对虾Dscam的相对表达量。结果显示,诱导感染组Dscam基因在第12天开始上调,且与阴性对照组和未诱导感染组差异显著;二次感染后24 h,Dscam基因的相对表达量达到最大值,与阴性对照组和未诱导感染组差异显著;48 h后基因表达量开始下降,但表达量仍高于阴性对照组和未诱导感染组。实验表明,中国明对虾存在Dscam基因,并在免疫致敏过程中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
鲍遗传育种研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
蔡明夷 《水产学报》2004,28(2):201-208
Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice.  相似文献   

12.
以本实验室构建的半滑舌鳎BAC文库为基础,通过对其进行有序混合,构建了两步PCR筛选体系;对性别决定相关的sox9基因的序列设计特异性引物,筛选获得阳性单一BAC克隆。利用BAC-FISH技术将包含sox9基因的BAC克隆定位在半滑舌鳎染色体上。结果显示,sox9基因在雌、雄半滑舌鳎的一对常染色体的长臂上分别存在两个杂交信号位点,信号稳定且特异。研究证实了该文库筛选体系的有效性;首次实现了对性别相关的sox9基因在半滑舌鳎染色体上的定位,其结果为揭示sox9基因参与鱼类性别控制的机制提供了重要基础。  相似文献   

13.
对虾病毒性偷死病(Viral covert mortality disease,VCMD)是由偷死野田村病毒(Covert mortality nodavirus,CMNV)引起的一种新发疫病,近年来使中国对虾养殖业遭受了严重的经济损失。为筛查对虾池塘养殖系统中CMNV的自然宿主种类,本研究在山东潍坊一个发生VCMD的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖场排水渠中采集了野生鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)样品,对其携带和感染CMNV的情况进行了系统分析。逆转录套式PCR检测结果显示,鲫鱼样品的总RNA能扩增出与预期大小一致的CMNVRNA依赖的RNA聚合酶目标基因片段。组织病理和原位杂交分析显示,鲫鱼脑部神经组织空泡化严重,脑皮层锥体细胞和二叠体颗粒细胞核固缩明显,心肌呈现典型的溶解样坏死病理变化,脑和心肌组织的病变部位均可见淡紫色CMNV探针杂交信号。透射电子显微镜观测显示,鲫鱼脑中可见神经组织空泡化,心肌组织坏死严重,CMNV样病毒颗粒占据了心肌细胞内大部分区域。本研究表明,CMNV在自然条件下能够跨越物种障碍、感染对虾养殖池塘排水渠中的野生鲫鱼,并导致靶组织明显的病理损伤,同时也提示,CMNV感染其他鱼类尤其是淡水鱼类的风险值得高度关注。  相似文献   

14.
  1. The Yaqui catfish, Ictalurus pricei, is the only native ictalurid species described from north-west México and south-west USA. It is an endangered species owing to the decline and loss of most of its historical populations, mainly because of competition and hybridization with the non-native channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The Arroyo Cajón Bonito is one of the few remnant populations of Yaqui catfish in the Yaqui River basin, and it is threatened by the presence of channel catfish that escaped from private culture facilities.
  2. Phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes was used to detect evidence of hybridization with channel catfish in a collection of 20 catfish from Arroyo Cajón Bonito. Fourteen putatively pure Yaqui catfishes, five hybrids and one channel catfish were detected.
  3. This study further highlights hybridization between channel and Yaqui catfish as the main threat to the remaining Yaqui catfish populations. We recommend urgent evaluation of the remnant populations of native catfish elsewhere and their current conservation status.
  相似文献   

15.
  1. This study was intended to identify mussel species from the Magellanic ecotone, quantifying interspecific hybridization within Mytilus and depicting the genetic architecture of Mytilus chilensis in its South Pacific range.
  2. The analysis comprises the sub‐Antarctic Magallanes Province as a rich ecotone of climates, ecosystems and admixed faunas embedded among the biogeographic regions of the Pacific, the Atlantic, and Antarctica.
  3. Highly conserved molecular sequences within species were used to identify species, and polymorphic microsatellites were used to calculate the genetic architecture of M. chilensis. The absence of the invasive species Mytilus galloprovincialis from the M. chilensis range clarifies previous doubts on its expansion southward from the Arauco Gulf. The ubiquitous presence of the typical Glu‐5′‐Me‐15/16 PAP allele of Mytilus trossulus in the Northern Hemisphere might come from hull biofouling, but rather it seems to be an ancient polymorphism conserved in M. chilensis as occurs in blue mussels from other regions of the Southern Hemisphere. There is a very limited connectivity (FST = 0.167) between two latitudinal gene pools of M. chilensis that are highly divergent in composition, architecture, and ecological relevance.
  4. Fifty years of aquaculture enhancement in Los Lagos explains its high diversity and genetic heterogeneity among patches, so its mussel management should seek a balance between exploitation and environmental sustainability.
  5. The Magellanic ecotone bears a pristine M. chilensis × Mytilus edulis platensis hybrid zone around the Southern Cone, larger (450 km) than previously thought. Such a hybrid zone permeates one of the last remaining wilderness areas in the world (Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve) and is a natural laboratory for addressing introgression, hybridization, and evolution of Mytilus spp. genomes in their last southern frontier.
  相似文献   

16.
利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术将5S rDNA基因定位在牙鲆和半滑舌鳎染色体上,结果表明,5S rDNA基因在雌、雄性半滑舌鳎的一对同源染色体上分别存在2个杂交信号位点;在二、三倍体牙鲆的同源染色体上分别存在2个和3个杂交信号位点,杂交信号明显且特异。本研究首次将5S rDNA基因定位在半滑舌鳎和三倍体牙鲆的染色体上,为牙鲆及半滑舌鳎倍性鉴定、染色体鉴别提供了有效方法。此外,根据牙鲆5S rDNA基因编码区序列设计引物,扩增出大菱鲆和半滑舌鳎5S rDNA基因编码区序列,与鲽、塞内加尔鳎、大口黑鲈、七鳃鳗的5SrDNA基因序列进行同源性比较后发现,5种鲽形目鱼类5S rDNA基因序列同源性高达98.3%,系统发生分析结果显示5种鲽形目鱼类聚为一支;各序列中GC含量均显著高于AT含量。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract. Oligonucleolides GsV4B, GdV4 and GtV4, complementary to sequences from Gyrodactylus Salaris, G. derjavini and G. truttae , respectively, were designed following examination of the sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene from each species. The oligonucleotides were end-labelled with digoxigenin for use us species-specific probes. The V4 region of the srRNA gene was amplified from individual gyrodactylids using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and aliquots of the PCR products werespotted onto nylon membrane. Optimum conditions for hybridization of the oligonucleotide probes to these samples were determined. The use of these three probes against aliquots of PCR product provides an objective, sensitive and specific method suitable for routine diagnostic use in identifying Gyrodactylus species found on salmonid fish, but cannot be used to distinguish G. salaris and G. thymulli .  相似文献   

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2011年9月利用潜水原位采样法对竹洲人工鱼礁及附近天然岛礁上附着生物群落进行了调查。此次调查共记录附着生物68种,多属于热带一亚热带暖水种,其中优势种为网纹藤壶(Balanusreticulatus)、华美盘管虫(Hydroideselegans)和马氏珠母贝(Pinctadamartensi)。投礁6个月的礁体上附着生物种类和生物量与天然岛礁上附着生物存在显著差异,投礁12个月礁体上附着生物种类与天然岛礁上附着生物差异有减少趋势,生物量不存在显著差异。聚类分析表明竹洲礁区海域附着生物群落可划分为2个群落,投礁12个月礁体与天然岛礁同属一个群落,投礁6个月礁体附着生物为一个群落。人工鱼礁附着生物群落演替过程中改变了礁体表面空间结构,空间异质性提高,人工鱼礁附着生物群落逐步向着天然岛礁附着生物群落的方向发展。  相似文献   

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