共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
本试验旨在研究酪蛋白(CAS)、大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和玉米醇溶蛋白(ZEIN)对大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢基因表达的影响。试验选用60只生长大鼠进行饲养试验,按照体重一致原则随机分为3个处理,每个处理20只大鼠,饲喂等能等氮半纯合日粮。结果表明:玉米醇溶蛋白(ZEIN)日粮使试鼠腓肠肌具有较高的mTOR、RhebmR NA水平及磷酸化mTOR蛋白量(P<0.01)和较高的Atrogin1(MAFbx)、MuR F1、pUb和FoxO mR NA表达量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。本研究揭示出蛋白源对蛋白质代谢基因表达产生的差异,可能主要由饲料蛋白质氨基酸组成模式不同所体现,尤其表现为亮氨酸(Leu)对组织蛋白质代谢进行调控。可见,蛋白质合成代谢调控与mTOR途径有关,蛋白质分解代谢与泛素-蛋白酶蛋白降解途径(UPP)有关。 相似文献
2.
成志强管勤超臧长江陈开旭刘建成焦毅灵李凤鸣李晓斌杨开伦雒秋江 《动物营养学报》2023,(10):6507-6515
本试验旨在研究高精料饲粮中添加烟酸对绵羊瘤胃内乳酸代谢及其相关酶活性的影响。选取8月龄左右、体重(36.04±1.81)kg、体况相近且健康的哈萨克公羊24只,试验前安装好永久性瘤胃瘘管,随机分为4组,每组6只。对照组饲喂精粗比为70∶30的基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在对照组饲粮的基础上添加100、130和160 mg/d烟酸。试验期共18 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期4 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组在饲喂后1 h时瘤胃液中L-乳酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂后3 h时瘤胃液中L-乳酸浓度极显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组在饲喂后1 h时瘤胃液中D-乳酸浓度极显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,在饲喂后3 h时,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中L-乳酸浓度极显著降低(P<0.01),D-乳酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。2)在饲喂后1 h时,对照组瘤胃液中乳酸脱氢酶活性显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),在饲喂后3、5 h时,对照组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.01);饲喂后3 h时,试验Ⅱ组瘤胃液中氧化态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),对照组瘤胃液中还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)浓度极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。3)在饲喂后1 h时,试验Ⅱ组瘤胃液中丙酮酸激酶活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),瘤胃液中苹果酸脱氢酶活性极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),瘤胃液中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。4)在饲喂后1 h时,试验Ⅱ组瘤胃液中丙酮酸浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组瘤胃液中苹果酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组瘤胃液中琥珀酸浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。综上所述,高精料饲粮中添加烟酸提高了绵羊瘤胃液中NAD+浓度,丙酮酸激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶活性以及丙酮酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸浓度,同时降低了瘤胃液和血清中L-乳酸、D-乳酸浓度。本试验条件下,绵羊高精料饲粮中烟酸的推荐添加量为130 mg/d。 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在考察饲料蛋白品质与断奶大鼠生长性能和养分代谢之间的关系。选用80只清洁级SD雄性断奶大鼠,通过饲喂酪蛋白(CAS)、大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、玉米醇溶蛋白(ZEIN)为唯一蛋白源的半纯合日粮,研究不同蛋白源对机体产生的代谢效应。结果表明:相对于CAS组(对照组)而言,采食ZEIN具有较低的的养分消化率(P<0.05);血浆尿素氮显著升高(P<0.01);血浆胰岛素和类胰岛素生长因子水平分别低于和高于CAS对照组(P<0.05)。采食ZEIN引起血浆赖氨酸水平较CAS组显著降低(P<0.05),而亮氨酸水平显著升高(P<0.05)。试验表明,蛋白品质影响养分代谢的营养生理原因在于机体内分泌水平和体液氨基酸营养状态存在差异,从而引起大鼠生长性能发生相应变化。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮交替饲喂对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆激素含量及抗氧化指标的影响。试验分为2个阶段,配制6种试验饲粮,妊娠前期试验饲粮:低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮(12.54 MJ/kg、15.55%)、中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮(13.27 MJ/kg、16.47%)、高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮(13.44 MJ/kg、17.86%);妊娠后期试验饲粮:低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮(12.73 MJ/kg、15.96%)、中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮(13.27 MJ/kg、16.47%)、高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮(13.84 MJ/kg、18.13%)。选取2胎、体重相近的加系大白母猪48头,随机分为对照组(早上饲喂中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮,下午饲喂中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮)、试验Ⅰ组(早上饲喂低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮,下午饲喂高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮)、试验Ⅱ组(早上饲喂高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮,下午饲喂低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮),每组16个重复,每个重复1头母猪。每天饲喂2次。妊娠前期中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮每次饲喂1.125 kg,低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮每次饲喂1.150 kg,高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮每次饲喂1.140 kg;妊娠后期中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮每次饲喂1.805 kg,低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮每次饲喂1.800 kg,高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮每次饲喂1.800 kg。试验期114 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组妊娠36~90 d的平均日增重(ADG)显著增加(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组总产仔数高于对照组(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组活仔数高于对照组(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组妊娠35 d的血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组妊娠80 d的血浆CAT活性极显著升高(P<0.01),且试验Ⅰ组较试验Ⅱ组显著升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组妊娠80 d的血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组妊娠35 d的血浆MDA含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组妊娠80 d的血浆瘦素(LEP)含量显著升高(P<0.05);试验组妊娠105 d的血浆胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。综上所述,与早、晚饲喂相同营养水平饲粮相比,早、晚交替饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮可提高妊娠母猪的繁殖性能,影响血浆中激素含量和抗氧化指标。 相似文献
5.
《中国畜牧兽医》2010,(9)
试验研究了代谢蛋白质中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量对中国荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能和氮素利用的影响。对照组日粮能量充足但代谢蛋白质轻微受限。代谢蛋白质中蛋氨酸和赖氨酸的浓度分别为1.87%和5.93%,处理组如下(可代谢蛋白质中蛋氨酸和赖氨酸的百分数):L=以干物质计,对照日粮中添加0.49%的L-蛋氨酸盐酸盐(蛋氨酸,1.87;赖氨酸,7.00);M=对照日粮添加0.15%的2-羟基-4-甲硫基-丁酸(HMB)(蛋氨酸2.35;赖氨酸5.93);ML=对照组日粮同时添加0.49%赖氨酸盐酸盐和0.15%的2-羟基-4-甲硫基-丁酸(蛋氨酸2.39;赖氨酸7.10)。以上日粮用于饲喂60头泌乳中期奶牛,连续饲喂8周。单独添加赖氨酸(1.5 kg/d)或蛋氨酸(2.0 kg/d)可提高牛乳产量,且同时添加2种氨基酸可进一步提高牛乳产量(3.8 kg/d)。不同处理组奶牛采食量差异不显著。与对照组和饲喂L日粮组奶牛相比,饲喂M和ML组日粮的奶牛乳脂肪含量较高,但乳蛋白、乳糖和体细胞数各处理组差异不显著。添加蛋氨酸或赖氨酸可显著提高动脉血浆中蛋氨酸和赖氨酸浓度。饲喂ML日粮奶牛摄入氮向乳氮的转化率高于对照组,而血清、尿液和乳中尿氮浓度低于对照组。饲喂可代谢蛋白质轻微受限的日粮时,添加HMB和L-蛋氨酸盐酸盐以提供2.3%蛋氨酸和7.0%赖氨酸提高了乳产量、乳蛋白产量和氮素利用率。 相似文献
6.
为了研究日粮中添加NCG(N-氨甲酰谷氨酸)对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊血液、尿囊液和羊水中氨基酸浓度的影响,试验选择年龄、胎次和体况相近、平均体重为50.62±0.52 kg的受孕鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊40只,随机分为3组(NCG1组饲喂基础日粮+0.30 g NCG/d(n=13),NCG2组饲喂基础日粮+0.40 g NCG/d(n=13),对照组饲喂基础日粮(n=14)),开展妊娠期0 d至90 d的饲喂试验。结果表明,日粮添加不同剂量的NCG对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊体重、胎儿体重、尿囊液和羊水含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。妊娠期第45 d,NCG2组母羊血浆中瓜氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度显著高于NCG1组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01);NCG1组和NCG2组母羊尿囊液中谷氨酰胺浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。妊娠期第90 d,NCG2组母羊血浆中丝氨酸和精氨酸(Arg)浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);NCG2组和NCG1组母羊尿囊液中Arg浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),NCG1组鸟氨酸浓度显著高于NCG2组(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01);NCG2组母羊羊水中谷氨酰胺、Arg和瓜氨酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),NCG2组和NCG1组鸟氨酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);NCG2组和NCG1组胎儿血浆中苏氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),NCG2组和NCG1组Arg浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。妊娠前期NCG有效提高母羊血浆、尿囊液、羊水和胎儿血浆中Arg家族氨基酸的浓度,对胎儿早期程序化的健康生长发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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亮氨酸有利于赖氨酸的吸收,但是没有报道表明粗蛋白质、赖氨酸和亮氨酸水平对于猪阳离子氨基酸转运体表达的影响.因此,本试验选用20头猪(初始体重为14.9 kg±0.62 kg)用于评价两种蛋白质水平及低蛋白质日粮中赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸及亮氨酸含量不同对于空肠中b0+和CAT-1 mRNA表达、背最长肌和半腱肌的影响.处理组如下:①小麦-豆粕日粮,20％粗蛋白质(对照组);②小麦日粮,其中缺乏赖氨酸、苏氨酸和蛋氨酸(基础日粮);③基础日粮中添加70％L-赖氨酸、0.27％L-苏氨酸、0.1％ DL-蛋氨酸(LTM日粮);④LTM日粮添加0.8％L-苏氨酸(LTM日粮+苏氨酸).除了基础日粮,其余日粮中的赖氨酸、苏氨酸和蛋氨酸含量均满足营养需要.LTM日粮+苏氨酸日粮提供超过60％的亮氨酸.LTM日粮中添加赖氨酸、苏氨酸和蛋氨酸提高了空肠中b0+及背最长肌和半腱肌中CAT-1的<表达,同时降低了空肠中CAT-1的表达;且血清中赖氨酸浓度增加(P＜0.01).继续添加L-亮氨酸(LTM日粮+亮氨酸)降低了空肠中b0+及背最长肌CAT-1的表达量,提高了血清中亮氨酸和精氨酸浓度,但降低了异亮氨酸浓度(P＜0.05).与饲喂LTM日粮组相比,饲喂对照组日粮的仔猪空肠中b0+表达量稍低,背最长肌和半腱肌中CAT-1表达量较高(P＜0.05),且血清中异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸浓度较低(P＜0.05),而赖氨酸的浓度较高(P＜0.01).以上结果表明,日粮氨基酸水平和来源均可影响饲喂小麦基础日粮猪体内阳离子氨基酸转运体的表达. 相似文献
8.
饲粮中添加竹青素对肉鸡脂质代谢的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验在饲粮中添加一定比例的竹青素(green bamboo extract,GBE)饲喂石岐胡须鸡,研究GBE对肉鸡脂质代谢的影响。选取26日龄石岐胡须鸡仔鸡360只,随机分成4组(每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1.5、3.0和6.0 g/kg GBE的试验饲粮,试验期49 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1.5、3.0 g/kgGBE显著降低肉鸡的腹脂率(P<0.05),添加1.5、6.0 g/kg GBE极显著降低皮下脂肪厚度(P<0.01),添加6.0 g/kg GBE极显著降低肝脏脂肪含量(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加3.0 g/kg GBE极显著降低血清甘油三酯的含量(P<0.01),但添加GBE对体重、血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1.5、3.0 g/kgGBE显著提高血清中瘦素含量(P<0.05),添加3.0 g/kg GBE显著提高血清中脂联素含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1.5、3.0 g/kg GBE极显著提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.01),极显著降低血清中丙二醛含量(P<0.01),添加3.0 g/kg GBE极显著提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.01)。综上所述,饲粮中添加GBE饲喂肉鸡可起到显著的降脂作用,添加3.0 g/kg GBE效果最佳。 相似文献
9.
试验研究不同阶段添加血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)对肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响。选用240只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验设基础日粮组(对照组)和3个试验组,即添加0.5%SDPP日粮分别饲喂7、14、21d构成3个试验组。而试验后期(22～49d)各处理组饲喂同一基础日粮。试验结果表明:①与对照组相比,饲喂SDPP7d组显著提高前期ADG(P<0.05),极显著提高后期和全期ADG、ADFI(P<0.01);饲喂SDPP14d组极显著提高前期和全期ADG、ADFI(P<0.01),极显著提高后期ADFI(P<0.01);饲喂SDPP21d组极显著提高前期ADG(P<0.01),极显著提高全期ADF(IP<0.01);试验组各个时期F/G差异不显著(P>0.05)。②就全期生产性能看,饲喂SDPP7d组好于其它处理组,但各添加SDPP组间生产性能差异不显著(P>0.05)。③各处理组Ea、Et、淋巴细胞转化率和各免疫器官指数均高于对照组,饲喂SDPP14d组的Et和淋巴细胞转化率分别达到显著和极显著水平。④血浆蛋白粉可提高肉鸡生产性能,并随着饲喂时间的延长有下降的趋势,添加血浆蛋白粉对肉鸡免疫功能有增强的作用。 相似文献
10.
为探究低蛋白质水平日粮对育肥猪养分消化率、血浆生化指标和生长性能的影响,笔者进行相关试验。选择120头健康状况良好的育肥猪,随机分为2个组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头,对照组饲喂蛋白质水平为16%的基础日粮;试验组饲喂蛋白质水平为14%并添加合成氨基酸的基础日粮。试验期49 d。结果表明：低蛋白质水平日粮对育肥猪的养分消化率、血浆生化指标和生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）,试验组的谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量较对照组分别降低了16.59%(P<0.05)和11.71%(P<0.05)。说明日粮蛋白质水平降低2个百分点并添加合成氨基酸不会影响育肥猪生长性能,且能够有效减少蛋白质饲料的使用量,从而降低氮的排放量。 相似文献
11.
Hendriks WH Sritharan K Hodgkinson SM 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2002,86(9-10):333-341
The aim of the study was to determine and compare the endogenous ileal excretions of nitrogen and amino acids under protein-free and peptide alimentation by the dog and rat. Two diets were prepared, one that was devoid of protein and the other containing 23% enzyme hydrolysed casein. Chromic oxide was included in the diets as an indigestible marker. A total of 10 mixed breed dogs were fed hourly either a protein-free or enzymatically hydrolysed casein diet for a total of 10 days. A faecal sample was obtained from each dog on day 9 while digesta was obtained from the terminal 20 cm of the ileum directly after euthanasia on day 10. A total of 12 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats received the same diets as the dogs. A faecal sample from each rat was obtained on day 7 while ileal digesta samples were obtained on day 8. The endogenous ileal excretions of most amino acids were greater in the dogs and rats that received the enzymatically hydrolysed casein diet compared with those receiving the protein free diet. Whereas the pattern of endogenous amino acid excretion was similar in the rats and dogs, the dogs excreted a significantly greater amount of nitrogen (1.91 vs. 2.27 and 1.63 vs. 4.12 g/kg dry matter intake for the protein-free and peptide alimentation method, respectively) and all amino acids except for glycine, isoleucine and leucine. Endogenous ileal amino acid excretions are higher in dogs compared to omnivorous animals such as rats and pigs but similar to the carnivorous cat. 相似文献
12.
亮氨酸改善宫内发育迟缓的作用及机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验旨在研究日粮中添加亮氨酸对宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)大鼠的改善及其作用机理。试验采取限饲方法建立大鼠IUGR模型,在基础日粮中添加亮氨酸进行处理。试验共分5个处理组:全量组、限饲组、丙氨酸组、精氨酸组和亮氨酸组,每组10只大鼠,处理期为整个孕期,妊娠第20天宰杀孕鼠,测母鼠胎盘重、胚胎重、胚胎鼠窝重。采用Real-timePCR检测胎盘IGF-II、子宫激素受体(ER)以及孕激素受体(PR)的基因表达量。结果表明:亮氨酸显著增加了胚胎鼠重、胎盘重和产仔数。此外,亮氨酸也显著提高了胎盘的IGF-II和子宫ER、PR的基因表达量。结果提示,大鼠日粮中添加亮氨酸可以通过改变胎盘和子宫转运功能改善IUGR。 相似文献
13.
The present study investigated the effect of 3 different durations of feeding a diet supplemented with defatted bovine colostrum (Col) on growth performance and sanitary status of the weaned piglet. At 28 d of age, piglets were weaned and fed 1 of the 2 following diets: a control (Ctrl) starter diet or a starter diet supplemented with Col. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 310 piglets (12 pens consisting of 10 piglets/pen and 10 pens consisting of 19 piglets/pen) were allocated to 1 of the 2 dietary treatments for 12 d. In Exp. 2, 522 piglets (18 pens consisting of 10 piglets/pen and 18 pens consisting of 19 piglets/pen) were allocated to 1 of the following 3 dietary treatments: fed the Ctrl diet from d 1 to 12 (Ctrl), Col diet from d 1 to 4 and then the Ctrl diet up to d 12 (Col-4d), or the Col diet from d 1 to 6 and then the Ctrl diet up to d 12 (Col-6d). For both experiments, a commercial second-phase diet was fed to piglets from d 12 to 46. Feed intake, growth performance, and cleanliness of floor and hindquarters of animals were investigated during the first 7 wk postweaning. In Exp. 1, from d 0 to 12, ADFI, ADG, and G:F were 16 (P = 0.004), 23 (P < 0.001), and 5% (P = 0.069) greater, respectively, in Col piglets compared with Ctrl piglets. Thereafter, ADFI and ADG were 7 (P < 0.001) and 9% (P < 0.001) greater, respectively, in Col piglets than Ctrl piglets (d 12 to 46). On d 12 after weaning, piglets fed the Col diet had more normal feces (+13%) and less soft or liquid feces (-9 and -4%, respectively) than piglets fed the Ctrl diet (P = 0.06). Compared with Ctrl piglets, feeding the Col diet led to more days with normal feces for the floor cleanliness (+22%; P < 0.001) from d 7 to 11. In Exp. 2, compared with Ctrl piglets, ADFI, ADG, and G:F were 8, 23, and 13% greater (P < 0.05) in Col-6d piglets from d 0 to 9, whereas values for Col-4d piglets were intermediate and did not differ from the values of the other dietary treatments. On d 9 after weaning, piglets fed the Col-4d or the Col-6d diet had more normal feces (+6 and +4%, respectively) and less liquid feces (-4 and -3%, respectively) than piglets fed the Ctrl diet (P = 0.08). No long lasting effects were observed thereafter. In conclusion, there was a reduction of weaning-induced growth check and diarrheal episodes in weaned piglets fed the Col diet. The beneficial effects of the bovine colostrum were observed beyond the period of treatment when the supplementation covered the first 6 d postweaning, which corresponded to the acute phase of postweaning digestive disturbances. 相似文献
14.
J. A. Nolles A. M. Verreijen R. E. Koopmanschap M. W. A. Verstegen V. V. A. M. Schreurs 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(4):431-438
Postprandial oxidation of dietary free amino acids or egg white protein was studied using the [13CO2] breath test in rats, as well as in humans. Thirty‐eight male rats were assigned to four dietary test groups. Two diets only differed in their protein fraction. Diet I contained 21% egg white protein. For the breath test egg white protein, intrinsically labelled with [1‐13C]‐leucine, was used as a substrate. Diet II contained the same amino acids as diet I, though not as egg white protein but in free form. Free [1‐13C]‐leucine was used to label this diet. In addition, two 1:1 mixtures of both diets were used. During the breath test either the free amino acid or the protein fraction was labelled as in diets I or II. The animals were breath‐tested following short‐term (day 5) and long‐term adaptation (day 20) to their experimental diet. For all diets, including the mixed diets, postprandial oxidative losses on day 5 were significantly higher for the free leucine compared with the protein‐derived leucine. Differences between free and protein‐derived leucine oxidation had, however, largely disappeared on day 20. The human subjects were breath‐tested without any adaptation period to the diets. The oxidative losses of free leucine were also higher than those of protein‐derived leucine. None of the studies showed any indication for an interaction between the oxidation of protein‐derived amino acids and free amino acids. It is concluded that free and protein‐derived amino acids in the diet are mainly metabolized independently. 相似文献
15.
Three pigs of 34 kg live weight were fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the duodenum, and with two catheters placed in the jugular vein and carotid artery. They were fed 1.2 kg/d of wheat-dried-skimmed milk diet. Digesta from the proximal duodenal cannula were collected for 12 h on 2 consecutive days; 50% were reintroduced into the respective distal cannula and 50% were stored at -20 degrees C. Three days later 14C-leucine was infused into the jugular vein for 12 h, starting with the morning meal. During this period the digesta from the proximal cannula were collected and stored for analysis while the digesta collected previously were reintroduced into the distal cannula. Blood samples were taken from the carotid artery. The total flow of duodenal digesta in 12 h was 5760 +/- 530 g. On average 70 percent of the radioactivity in digesta was associated with the TCA-precipitable fraction. During hours 0-3 and 11-12 of infusion 60-70% and 96-98% of the radioactivity in the TCA precipitable fractions was in leucine. In the TCA soluble fraction only 30-40 per cent of the radioactivity was associated with leucine. At the plateau 2.1 and 3.3% of infused 14C-leucine and of radioactivity were recovered in the duodenal digesta. The calculated amount of endogenous protein passing the duodenum was 20.4 g/d/pig. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on protein synthesis and secretion in which 14C- and 15N-amino acids were used. 相似文献
16.
Male Albino rats (90-100 g) were fed ad libitum (with limited periods of feeding) for 14 days. The diets were adjusted to a crude protein content of 10%. Powdered whole egg, fish meal, yeast and gelatine were used as protein sources. Additionally, one group of rats was fed a protein-free diet. On the 15th day of experiment the rats were fed a test diet at a level of 2 g per 100 g of body weight. 2 hrs after that the rats received 25 muCi of 3H glycine and 5 muCi of 14C-L-Leucine per 100 g of body weight administered by way of intragastric infusion. It was found that a large proportion of the radioactive amino acids were absorbed as early as after 0.5 hr. The highest rate of absorption was observed in animals fed dietary proteins of poor quality or a protein free diet, so that in animals receiving a gelatine diet or a protein-free diet only 68.4% or 56.4% of the administered amount of 14C activity were detected inside the gastro intestinal tract after 0.5 hr. Analogous data for the 3H activity were 52.4% and 25.3%. Maximum absorption occurred after 3-7 hrs. Following this the level of radioactivity in the intestinal contents again increased reaching a peak value after 14-24 hrs; in the case of 14C activity this peak value amounted to 25.4% of the administered dose in animals fed the gelatine diet and 32.8% in the group receiving the protein-free diet. It was established that the major proportion of the resecreted amount of 14C activity was present in leucine. Until 72 hrs after the intake of 14C activity the level of radioactivity was again found to decline, a processes which was induced by processes occurring in the large intestines. Moreover, evidence was obtained in confirmation of previous findings, indicating that the composition of faecal amino acids was constant and unaffected by dietary proteins. 相似文献
17.
Moser SA Tokach MD Dritz SS Goodband RD Nelssen JL Loughmiller JA 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(3):658-667
Sows (n = 306; PIC, Line C-19; average parity 2.1) were used to evaluate the interrelationship between valine, isoleucine, and leucine on sow and litter performance. Our objective was to determine whether the increase in litter weaning weight associated with added dietary valine is specific for valine or a result of the total branched-chain amino acid (i.e., isoleucine and[or] leucine) concentration of the diet. Eight dietary treatments (36 to 41 sows/treatment) were arranged as a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial with two levels of valine (.80 and 1.20%), isoleucine (.68 and 1.08%), and leucine (1.57 and 1.97%). This provided total branched-chain amino acid levels of 3.05, 3.45, 3.85, and 4.25%. The lowest level of each branched-chain amino acid was similar to that in a .90% lysine corn-soybean meal diet containing .15% L-lysine HCl. Amino acids other than valine, isoleucine, and leucine met or exceeded their suggested estimates relative to lysine using ratios derived from the National and Agricultural Research Councils. Average number of pigs on d 2 of lactation was 11.2, and average lactation length was 20.9 d. Number of pigs weaned (x = 10.6), sow ADFI (x = 5.85 kg), and sow weight loss (x = 4.25 kg) were not affected by dietary treatment (P > .10). Sow backfat loss (P < .02), litter weaning weight (P < .04), and litter weight gain from d 2 to weaning (P > .05) increased as dietary valine increased. Litter weight at weaning and litter weight gain were not affected by dietary isoleucine (P > .80) or leucine (P > .60). Sixteen or 17 sows per treatment (129 total) were milked manually on d 14 to 16 of lactation. Increasing dietary valine tended to increase milk urea N (P < .07) but did not affect milk DM, CP, fat, lactose, or ash. Increasing dietary isoleucine or leucine had no effects on milk composition. These results confirm the importance of dietary valine for increased litter weaning weight, independent of either additional dietary leucine or isoleucine. 相似文献
18.
M Imaoka A Sayama T Suzuki T Jindo A Sanbuissho 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(2):155-161
The effect of hypertension on the occurrence of micro-hemorrhage in the pancreatic islet, known to be observed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats spontaneously, and endothelial markers were investigated in male Dahl-Iwai salt-sensitive (DIS, derived from SD rats), salt-resistant (DIR), and SD rats. DIS and DIR rats were fed 8% NaCl-containing diet to induce hypertension, with blood pressure measurement once a week, euthanized at 6, 8, or 12 weeks of age, and subjected to the measurement of plasma nitric oxide (NO) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentrations combined with histopathological examinations and immunohistochemical detections of vWF in the pancreas and kidney. As a result, hypertension was observed from 7 through 12 weeks of age in DIS rats. At 12 weeks of age, only DIS rats showed decreased plasma NO and increased vWF, indicating endothelial abnormality in the body. Histopathologically, micro-hemorrhage in the islet was observed with a similar incidence and severity in SD and DIS rats aged 12 weeks, and vWF was immunohistochemically localized in the islet endothelium with similar reactivity between age-matched SD rats. On the other hand, in the kidney, glomerular sclerosis was observed in DIS rats aged 12 weeks and accompanied broad stainability of vWF in the sclerotic glomerulus, including endothelium. In conclusion, there was no enhancement/exaggeration in the micro-hemorrhage in the pancreatic islet of hypertensive DIS rats in comparison with that in SD rats under the present experimental conditions. It is suggested that hypertension is not related to the occurrence of islet micro-hemorrhage, spontaneously observed in SD rats. 相似文献
19.
Metges CC Petzke KJ Backes G Elsner A Junghans P Derno M Nürnberg G Hennig U 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(4):833-841
An experiment was conducted to examine the response to wheat gluten (WG)-based diets at two lysine levels in adult minipigs (23 kg BW) using the indicator AA oxidation (IAAO) approach and N balance. Twenty minipigs (n = five per group), fitted with reentrant ileoileal cannulas allowing collection of ileal effluents, were fed restrictively two WG-based diets (WG and WG + Lys; 2.7 and 6.6 g of lysine/kg, respectively) for adaptation periods of 10 and 100 d. On d 7 and 9, for pigs fed the diets for 10 d, and on d 97 and 99, for pigs fed the diets for 100 d, primed i.v. fasted/fed tracer protocols with [(13)C]bicarbonate, and [(13)C]leucine were performed. With the WG diet, [(13)C]bicarbonate recoveries (%) were lower irrespective of the adaptation period, and higher during the fed period (fasted: WG + Lys = 82.5, and WG = 69.1; fed: WG + Lys = 90.6, and WG = 85.9; P < 0.05). Leucine oxidation rate was higher with the lower lysine intake (WG = 194.6 vs. 109.5 mg/[kg BW x d]; P < 0.05). Wheat gluten feeding resulted in a negative leucine balance independent of the adaptation period (WG = -29.1, and WG + Lys = 48.2 mg/[kg BW x d]; P < 0.05). In contrast with the IAAO method, N balance did not differ between the two lysine intakes, possibly because of an underestimation of N losses. The finding of a lower (13)C bicarbonate recovery with the lower dietary lysine intake suggests that caution should be taken in using a single recovery factor for all AA oxidation studies. 相似文献
20.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加亮氨酸和谷氨酸对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。试验选取体重为77 kg左右的"杜×长×大"肥育猪60头,随机分为5个组,每组12头猪,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加2.05%L-丙氨酸(等氮对照组)、1.00%亮氨酸+1.37%L-丙氨酸(亮氨酸组)、1.00%谷氨酸+1.44%L-丙氨酸(谷氨酸组)、1.00%亮氨酸+1.00%谷氨酸(亮氨酸+谷氨酸组)。试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,谷氨酸组1~30 d的平均日采食量、末重和背膘厚均显著降低(P0.05),31~60 d的平均日增重降低了22.50%(P0.05);亮氨酸组、亮氨酸+谷氨酸组背最长肌和股二头肌中的肌内脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),且亮氨酸+谷氨酸组1~30 d的平均日增重增加了8.04%(P0.05),31~60 d的平均日增重则降低23.70%(P0.05)。与等氮对照组相比,亮氨酸组和谷氨酸组的熟肉率、滴水损失和肉色均无显著差异(P0.05),亮氨酸+谷氨酸组肌肉黄度值显著降低(P0.05);各试验组背最长肌和股二头肌中风味氨基酸含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。上述结果提示,饲粮添加1.00%亮氨酸可降低1~30 d肥育猪的料重比,增加背最长肌肌内脂肪含量;饲粮添加1.00%谷氨酸或1.00%亮氨酸+1.00%谷氨酸可增加1~30 d的平均日增重,降低31~60 d的平均日增重;饲粮添加1.00%亮氨酸+1.00%谷氨酸可降低肉色黄度值,增加肌内脂肪含量,从而改善猪肉品质。 相似文献