共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Nanoscale semiconductor heterostructures such as tetrapods can be used to mimic light-harvesting processes. We used single-particle light-harvesting action spectroscopy to probe the impact of particle morphology on energy transfer and carrier relaxation across a heterojunction. The generic form of an action spectrum [in our experiments, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) under absorption in CdS and emission from CdSe in nanocrystal tetrapods, rods, and spheres] was controlled by the physical shape and resulting morphological variation in the quantum confinement parameters of the nanoparticle. A correlation between single-particle PLE and physical shape as determined by scanning electron microscopy was demonstrated. Such an analysis links local structural non-uniformities such as CdS bulbs forming around the CdSe core in CdSe/CdS nanorods to a lower probability of manifesting excitation energy-dependent emission spectra, which in turn is probably related to band alignment and electron delocalization at the heterojunction interface. 相似文献
2.
Colloidal nanocrystal shape and size control: the case of cobalt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We show that a relatively simple approach for controlling the colloidal synthesis of anisotropic cadmium selenide semiconductor nanorods can be extended to the size-controlled preparation of magnetic cobalt nanorods as well as spherically shaped nanocrystals. This approach helps define a minimum feature set needed to separately control the sizes and shapes of nanocrystals. The resulting cobalt nanocrystals produce interesting two- and three-dimensional superstructures, including ribbons of nanorods. 相似文献
3.
Tosatti E Prestipino S Kostlmeier S Dal Corso A Di Tolla FD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5502):288-290
Multishell helical gold nanowires were recently imaged by electron microscopy. We show theoretically that the contact with the gold tips at either end of the wire plays a crucial role and that local minima in the string tension rather than the total wire free energy determine the nanowire stability. Density functional electronic structure calculations of the simplest and thinnest coaxial gold and silver wires of variable radius and chirality were carried out. We found a string tension minimum for a single-tube gold nanowire that is chiral and consists of seven strands, in striking agreement with observation. In contrast, no such minimum was found for silver, where the s-d competition leading to surface reconstruction is lacking. 相似文献
4.
Wiesendanger R Shvets IV Bürgler D Tarrach G Güntherodt HJ Coey JM Gräser S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,255(5044):583-586
The topographic and magnetic surface structure of a natural single crystal of magnetite (Fe(3)0(4)), a common mineral, has been studied from the submicrometer scale down to the atomic scale with a scanning tunneling microscope having nonmagnetic tungsten as well as ferromagnetic iron probe tips. Several different (001) crystal planes were imaged to atomic resolution with both kinds of tips. A selective imaging of the octahedrally coordinated Fe B-sites in the Fe-O planes, and even a selective imaging of the different magnetic ions Fe(2+) and Fe(3+), has been achieved, demonstrating for the first time that magnetic imaging can be realized at the atomic level. 相似文献
5.
恶性肿瘤严重威胁着人类的健康。合成了姜黄素修饰的纳米金棒(Cur@Au NRs),并考察其对胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)的作用,采用MTT法测试其对5种肿瘤细胞株的体外增殖活性的影响,同时观察其对SGC-7901形态学的影响;利用实时x CELLigence细胞分析系统(RTCA)检测不同浓度Cur@Au NRs对SGC-7901增殖能力及迁移能力的影响;利用划痕愈合实验及血管形成实验检测Cur@Au NRs对细胞的迁移及血管形成的抑制作用;采用腹腔注射Cur@Au NRs后与正常小鼠内脏组织切片的对比,对其进行毒理学研究。研究结果表明,Cur@Au NRs具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,尤其对SGC-7901,且其IC50值明显低于姜黄素,并且能够抑制SGC-7901的增殖和迁移。毒理学研究表明即使在高剂量下也不具有明显的毒性。 相似文献
6.
H A Bern 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(800):455-462
The structures discussed above illustrate some of the evolutionary knowledge to be obtained from studies of the comparative biology of the endocrine system among the fishes (see also 17, 78). The interrenal (adrenocortical) gland is an example of an endocrine structure which shows great morphologic variation in the vertebrate series, and among the fishes themselves. The structural variability implies little selective value for any particular pattern, and, in fact, biochemically the interrenal tissue would seem to be involved in much the same kind of steroidogenesis in the vertebrates generally. However, the hormone aldosterone may be a tetrapod novelty. The caudal neurosecretory system is a good example of a ubiquitous endocrine apparatus, among at least teleostean and elasmo-branch fishes, for which a function has yet to be elucidated and which continues to challenge the comparative physiologist. This system, along with the Stannius corpuscles, is lacking in the tetrapods. The existence of these structures makes it clear that the endocrine biology of fishes cannot be tacitly summarized as being essentially similar to that of the tetrapods, only less well developed. The prolactin situation illustrates the existence of a gland-the pituitary-present among fishes as among tetrapods, which secretes a product only partly related to the tetrapod hormone and having a very different functional significance. In this case it is clear that "the hormone and the uses to which it is put" have undergone evolutionary change during vertebrate phylogeny. 相似文献
7.
棉花茎尖农杆菌转化体系的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]建立高效的以草甘膦为选择剂的棉花茎尖农杆菌遗传转化体系。[方法]以中棉35号、中棉27号、石远321和珂字312号4个陆地棉品种茎尖为遗传转化受体材料,采用农杆菌介导转化法,结合草甘膦筛选,探讨了影响棉花茎尖遗传转化效率的几个重要因素。[结果]棉花茎尖对草甘膦极为敏感,所有品种棉花茎尖均在60μmol／L草甘膦浓度下停止生长。对茎尖用OD600=1．0菌液浸染20min、预培养2d、恢复培养1周和共培养72h的处理能显著提高棉花遗传转化效率。对所有成活转基因棉株进行PCR检测的结果表明,所有植株均能扩增出目的基因aroA—M1 1．3kh的特定条带。[结论]该研究为进一步加速转基因棉花的产业化进程奠定基础。 相似文献
8.
Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We demonstrate that semiconductor nanorods can be used to fabricate readily processed and efficient hybrid solar cells together with polymers. By controlling nanorod length, we can change the distance on which electrons are transported directly through the thin film device. Tuning the band gap by altering the nanorod radius enabled us to optimize the overlap between the absorption spectrum of the cell and the solar emission spectrum. A photovoltaic device consisting of 7-nanometer by 60-nanometer CdSe nanorods and the conjugated polymer poly-3(hexylthiophene) was assembled from solution with an external quantum efficiency of over 54% and a monochromatic power conversion efficiency of 6.9% under 0.1 milliwatt per square centimeter illumination at 515 nanometers. Under Air Mass (A.M.) 1.5 Global solar conditions, we obtained a power conversion efficiency of 1.7%. 相似文献
9.
Grooves a few nanometers wide can be formed on a Si(111) surface with a scanning tunneling microscope when the tip is above a critical voltage. This may provide a promising approach to nanodevice fabrication. The dependence of the critical voltage on tunneling current, tip polarity, and tip material was studied with silver, gold, platinum, and tungsten tips. The results are consistent with field emission of positive and negative silicon ions. The variation of critical voltage with current is explained quantitatively by a simple tunneling equation that includes the effect of the contact potential between tip and sample. 相似文献
10.
樟子松枯梢病的侵染规律 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
对樟子松枯梢病、健组织病菌的分离、孢子萌发和接种试验等研究结果表明，樟子松枯梢病是一种寄主主导性病害。引起该病的松壳色二孢[Diplodia pinea(Dem.)Kickx]可在历年病树上的针叶、芽、梢、枝和果鳞上越冬，又可在健康树上的针叶、芽、梢、枝和果鳞上潜代侵染。其潜伏侵染带菌率：健康樟子松越冬各部位比当年生各部位潜伏带菌率高，分别为20％－70％和6％－30％，其中以针叶、梢、枝和每年4，5月份、9，10月份潜伏带菌率最高。病害的初次侵染源主要来自历年病树上病菌子实体飞散出来的分生孢子，借风和雨水淋洗传播，种子上不带菌。病菌可直接侵入当年嫩梢和嫩针叶，也可通过伤口、气孔侵入针叶、芽、梢和枝。潜伏期7－14d,繁殖期23－28d。 相似文献
11.
The macroevolutionary events leading to neural innovations for social communication, such as vocalization, are essentially unexplored. Many fish vocalize during female courtship and territorial defense, as do amphibians, birds, and mammals. Here, we map the neural circuitry for vocalization in larval fish and show that the vocal network develops in a segment-like region across the most caudal hindbrain and rostral spinal cord. Taxonomic analysis demonstrates a highly conserved pattern between fish and all major lineages of vocal tetrapods. We propose that the vocal basis for acoustic communication among vertebrates evolved from an ancestrally shared developmental compartment already present in the early fishes. 相似文献
12.
An early tetrapod fossil from the Upper Devonian of Pennsylvania (Catskill Formation) extends the temporal range of tetrapods in North America and suggests that they attained a virtually global equatorial distribution by the end of the Devonian. Derived features of the shoulder girdle indicate that appendicular mechanisms of support and propulsion were well developed even in the earliest phases of tetrapod history. The specialized morphology of the pectoral skeleton implies that the diversity of early tetrapods was great and is suggestive of innovative locomotor patterns in the first tetrapods. 相似文献
13.
建立有效可靠的细胞悬浮培养方法对进一步开展原生质体培养和转基因研究具有重要意义。本研究以茎尖和幼穗作为外植体,采用愈伤振荡培养法、匀浆收集培养法和直接培养法三种方法进行了细胞悬浮系建立的方法研究。结果表明:与茎尖相比,幼穗是更适宜开展高粱细胞悬浮培养的理性外植体。采用三种培养方法均可建立幼穗细胞悬浮系,其中幼穗愈伤振荡培养法最为稳定可靠,幼穗匀浆收集培养法和直接培养法的稳定性稍差,但获得的细胞悬浮系生长状态较好,有利于进一步开展增殖继代培养。结果还表明,茎尖愈伤振荡培养法也是一种稳定可靠的细胞悬浮系制备方法,但茎尖匀浆收集培养法稳定性稍差,而直接培养法效果最差不宜采用。 相似文献
14.
McKee RA Walker FJ Nardelli MB Shelton WA Stocks GM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1726-1730
The barrier height for electron exchange at a dielectric-semiconductor interface has long been interpreted in terms of Schottky's theory with modifications from gap states induced in the semiconductor by the bulk termination. Rather, we show with the structure specifics of heteroepitaxy that the electrostatic boundary conditions can be set in a distinct interface phase that acts as a "Coulomb buffer." This Coulomb buffer is tunable and will functionalize the barrier-height concept itself. 相似文献
15.
Interfacial force microscopy has been used to show that a single layer of self-assembling molecules adsorbed on a gold substrate can prevent adhesion between gold and a tungsten probe. The passivated gold is able to elastically support large repulsive loads, with plots of load versus deformation closely following the Hertzian model. The gold shear-stress threshold for plastic deformation is determined to be approximately 1 gigapascal, which is in agreement with the theoretical value for the intrinsic gold-lattice stability. 相似文献
16.
Madix RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4769):1159-1166
One of the primary objectives of modern surface chemistry of transition metals is the synthesis of surface compounds and complexes and the understanding of their reactivity, structure, and bonding. Such considerations are paramount for advancing understanding of catalysis, adhesion, organic thin-film growth, and electrocatalysis. On selected metals, particularly copper, silver, and gold, selective scission of X-H bonds (where X is oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur) by surface-bound atomic oxygen occurs to form moderately stable species that can be isolated for further study. Selective oxidation reactions may occur heterogeneously by means of this novel oxygen- activated route. Furthermore, this selective chemistry offers a paradigm for synthesis of a wide variety of surface organometallic complexes, whose formation can be predicted from acid-base principles. These subjects are discussed in this article with emphasis on their role in catalytic oxidation cycles. 相似文献
17.
设计了一种以单片机HT46R47为核心,半导体制冷片为发热制冷体的智能恒温控制系统.通过H桥驱动电路控制半导体制冷片进行加热或制冷,实现了自动恒温控制. 相似文献
18.
美丽胡枝子多倍体诱导的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用秋水仙碱对美丽胡枝子的种子和茎尖进行了多倍体诱导。研究结果表明,诱导种子和茎尖均能获得多倍体,但以茎尖加倍效果较好,以φ=0.1%处理36h,多倍体诱导率达到44.4%。加倍植株表现为茎短、叶厚、叶大、色深,其体细胞染色体数为44(2n=4x=44)。 相似文献
19.
为早期发现桉树幼苗和土壤带菌情况,本试验利用PCR技术对桉树林地土壤及潜伏期桉树青枯菌的检测进行了研究。结果表明:通过SDS法与简单提取法提取土壤中青枯菌DNA,PCR检测灵敏度均达2.5×104CFU/g,简单提取法与SDS法相比具有快速、成本低廉等优点;CTAB法提取人工接菌的桉树组织中青枯菌,PCR检测灵敏度达3×102CFU/g。利用浸泡法处理1年生桉树茎段,用1×107CFU/mL菌悬液处理后,第4天开始发病,至第8天发病率达100%,利用该数据得到了一种制备桉树青枯病潜伏期材料的方法,通过CTAB法提取潜伏期桉树青枯菌的DNA,利用OLI1和Y2引物进行PCR扩增后,检测出288 bp的条带。因此,PCR可以有效地检测土壤和感病潜伏期组织中桉树青枯病菌。 相似文献
20.
The transition from aquatic to terrestrial locomotion was a key development in vertebrate evolution. We present a spinal cord model and its implementation in an amphibious salamander robot that demonstrates how a primitive neural circuit for swimming can be extended by phylogenetically more recent limb oscillatory centers to explain the ability of salamanders to switch between swimming and walking. The model suggests neural mechanisms for modulation of velocity, direction, and type of gait that are relevant for all tetrapods. It predicts that limb oscillatory centers have lower intrinsic frequencies than body oscillatory centers, and we present biological data supporting this. 相似文献