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贝奥不育剂林间防治效果调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
贝奥不育灭鼠剂是一种新型的植物源灭鼠剂,来源于天然植物雷公藤。2007年在内蒙古大兴安岭林区,分别采取6 m×6 m,7 m×7 m,8 m×8 m和10 m×10 m的不同投药方式,对棕背Clethrionomys rufocanusSundevall和莫氏田鼠Microtus maximowicziiSchrenck进行了林间防治试验,结果表明莫氏田鼠的适口性较好,盗食率达到75%以上,而棕背最高盗食率仅为10.1%。对莫氏田鼠采取10 m×10 m的投药方式(3 450 g/hm2)可达到较好的控制效果。 相似文献
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棕背平 (ClethrionmysrufocanusSundevan)主要在秋季以后危害树木。通过对方正林业局六块地的调查 ,结果表明 ,棕背平的秋季分布规律受坡度影响极大 ,同下草、下木的繁茂程度有着十分密切的关系。坡度的增大 ,棕背平的分布量就逐渐少 ,林内杂草、下木繁茂 ,棕背平的分布数量就多 ,反之就少。提出了对棕背平的重点防治、适当防治、高峰年防治与平年不需防治及任何时候都不需防治林地的条件 ,为棕背平的防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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<正>林木地上鼠棕背平、大林姬鼠对塞罕坝云杉、落叶松、樟子松等林木的危害,对地上鼠害防治以溴敌隆毒饵拌香油整袋投放为主,天敌、物理防治为辅的综合防治措施,可有效控制地上鼠的危害。1林木鼠害发生危害情况多年来,塞罕坝林木地上鼠害时有发生,只是危害较轻,未能对林木的生长造成威胁,近几年林木地上鼠害发生呈上升态势,2013年发生面积达4533hm2,平均受害株率达17.9%,面积大,分布广,危害重。其中重度危害区被害株率达 相似文献
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在黑龙江省张广才岭海林林区,采用铗捕法逐月捕获棕背(鼠平),根据胴体重和繁殖情况划分棕背(鼠平)的年龄(以月为单位),计算各月新生个体的生命表、各月种群平均年龄和平均寿命.共捕棕背682只,其中雌性351只,雄性331只,雌雄性比为0.515: 0.485.5,6,7月出生的个体最长寿命为5个月,雌性平均为2.37个月,雄性平均为2.18个月.8,9月出生的个体,最长寿命超过12个月,雌性平均为3.83个月,雄性平均为4.03个月.秋生个体比春生个体寿命长.各月种群平均寿命4月份最高,为10.52个月,7月份最低,为2.94个月. 相似文献
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于宁乡、湘乡、道县选择18、19、21年生的马尾松人工中龄林,对其间伐与施肥效应进行研究,结果表明:间伐与施肥1年后,缩短了轮伐期1～4年。宁乡试验点胸径平均增长了2.26 cm,较对照的增长量大1.89 cm,平均增长率达15.44%;单株材积平均增长了0.023 2 m3,较对照的增长量大0.014 8 m3,平均增长率达19.72%;单位面积材积平均增长了0.267 5 m3/667 m2,较对照的增长量大0.256 1 m3/667 m2,平均增长率达2.82%;胸径增长量和单株材积增长量均以保留密度为50株/667 m2的处理最大,而单位面积材积增长量则以保留密度为70株/667 m2的处理最大。湘乡试验点的单株材积增长显著,平均增长率达62.65%;道县试验点的单位面积材积增长显著,平均增长率为5.29%。差异显著性检验结果是:密度、施肥方式和区组间的胸径增长量均存在极显著差异,同时,密度×施肥方式和施肥方式×区组对胸径增长的交互作用也达到了极显著;单株材积增长量在密度间的差异达到了极显著;单位面积材积增长量在施肥方式间的差异极显著。 相似文献
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研究通过室内饲养和实地调查相结合的方法,掌握了广东地区樟巢螟（Orthaga achatina）的形态特征和发生及为害规律;并通过室内生测的方法,筛选出了防治樟巢螟幼虫的高效低毒药剂。主要研究结果如下：樟巢螟幼虫体棕黑色,中胸至腹末背面有1 条灰黄色宽带。成虫全身灰褐色,后翅棕灰色,雌雄成虫主要形态区别在于雄虫头部两触角间着生1~2 束向后伸展的锤状毛束。樟巢螟在广东省1年发生2 代,以幼虫群集筑巢啃食叶片。在广东省的寄主植物主要包括樟（Cinnamomun camphora）、肉桂（Cinnamomun cassia）、山胡椒（Lindera gluauca）、山苍子（Litsea cubeba）等,其中以香樟受害最为严重。不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、毒死蜱乳油、马拉硫磷乳油对樟巢螟2~3 龄幼虫的毒力测定结果表明,毒死蜱100 倍稀释液处理24 h 后幼虫死亡率达100%,氯虫苯甲酰胺500 倍和马拉硫磷250 倍稀释液处理组24 h 的死亡率分别为55% 和80%,48 h 的死亡率分别为100% 和90%。毒死蜱1 000 倍稀释液对樟巢螟的LT50 最小,仅为12.6 h,击倒速度最快;其次为马拉硫磷250 倍稀释液,LT50 为15.8 h,氯虫苯甲酰胺的击倒速率相对毒死蜱和马拉硫磷较慢。综合防效和价格成本等因,70% 马拉硫磷乳油不仅成本较低,而且对樟巢螟幼虫的综合防效和毒死蜱相当,因此建议选择70% 马拉硫磷稀释250 倍用于林间防治樟巢螟幼虫。 相似文献
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IntpoductionTheHazelgrouse(BoIIasaboIlasia)iswidelydistribute`Iintbeforestofnord1Eurasia.li1Cllli1a,itismailllydis-tributedinChangbaiMountain,nortlleastofDaxiIlg'al1MountainsandXiaoxing'anMou111ali1s,al1datAltaiMountaininXinjiangProvlilce.Previousstudiesontl1eHazelRouseinChinawasbasedOI1lyOI1interruptedfieldobservationsandcaptivebreedli1g(7dsaoZl1engjie1977,ZhuZuobliletal.1988,GaoWeiandZlluZllobil1199l).Duringl993~l994,radiotelenletrywasusedol1tlIestudyofHaZelgrouseinChal1gbaiMo… 相似文献
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The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan moun-tain range, South Korea in September 2001, We especially focused on the distribution and body condition of small rodents near the roads, Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) seems to be more sensitive to the existence of a road than striped field mouse (Apodemus agradus), Korean field mouse prefers interior forest area to around road. Striped field mouse is a habitat generalist and has wide distributional range around road, but Korean field mouse is forest-inhabiting species and their distribu-tion is limited in forest area. These results suggest the effect of road is different on each small rodent species and their habitat preferences. 相似文献
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STUDYAREAThefieldinvestigationofsmallrodentcommunitywasconductedinLiangshuiReservefromJunel0t0Julyl8,l992.LiangshuiReserve(El28o53'2OH,N47oI0,50H)locatedinDailingDistrict,YichunCity.Sixforestcut-overareaswithdifferentages(lyear,5years,l0years,l5years,2Oyearsand28years)wereselected.Inthecentreofeacharea,a2.5hm2sam-plesitewasmarkedout.Thetrappingdaymethodwasused.Fourtytrapswereplacedineachsampleareafortwo24-hourcyclesandwereexaminedonetimein24hours.Thebaitwasfreshpineseeds.Theseclear… 相似文献
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We studied population changes of the field mouse,Apodemus speciosus Temminck, by live trapping in a mixed stand of cypress and broad-leaved trees at Tama Forest Science Garden during the period
from October 1991 to March 1994. We also used radiotelemetry to investigate acorn hoarding. The number of mice captured in
1992 was three to ten times higher than that in either 1991 or 1993. The home ranges of resident mice overlapped greatly,
but a path and differences in the vegetation structure may have affected the home range of individuals. From June 1992 to
April 1993, mice actively transported and hoarded acrons. Individuals hoarded 70% of the acorns in their home ranges within
one day after release. This species was a typical scatter-hoarder and hoarded a single acorn at each cache site. Mice buried
acrons in the soil at the first hoarding, but recovered and carried them into their nests later. Although more than 50% of
the acorns were buried 0–5 cm deep, where the condition for germination seemed to be good, mice recovered and ate all cached
acorns. Mice relocated acorns farther from the original food station as they repeated hoarding. Mice transported acorns an
average of about 15–18 m (range: 2.2–49.8 m) before they ate them. From May 1993 to March 1994, the hoarding behavior of mice
was not active. Most acorns were left at food stations or cache sites for more than three months. Acorn hoarding byA. speciosus probably contributes little to the dispersal and regeneration of acorn-producing trees in years with a high rodent density. 相似文献
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A multiple mark-recapture study was carried out on the males of a population ofOperophtera brumata L. in Hungary using pheromone traps in order to estimate the home range and the population size. The number of males caught by traps set up 1 m above ground culminated after half an hour after the twilight and successively decreased. The delay of the first capture of traps set up different heights was about 1 h per 5 m. Decreasing number of males was caught in traps with increasing height. The flight range of one third of marked males was within 10 m after the 2–3 days period. The population density of males calculated by 3 estimators of open populations were 4,800–7,200 individuals per hectare. 相似文献
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The use
of resting sites of sables (Martes zibellina) was studied by radio-tracking techniques in
Daxing’an Mountains in 1994-1996. The results showed that the males used 191 different
resting sites, while females used 159 sites averagely in a year. The number of used
resting sites varied among seasons, and the reuse index calculated for each individual in
each season varied from 0.07 to 0.94. The reuse index was highest for males in
autumn-winter. In spring the number of resting sites of females was significantly less
than that of males. In summer, both sexes used more resting sites. In winter, the reuse
index was negative related to snow depth. The average distance between consecutively used
resting sites differed significantly between males (716 m, SD=479, n=1 081) and females
(455 m, SD=298, t=-8.59, P<0.001). For males the average distance was the shortest in
February-March and the longest in August-September, whereas the shortest distance was
recorded in April-May for females. In spring and autumn-winter, most individuals used
resting sites that randomly distribute in their home ranges. The standardized Morisita
coefficient of resting site dispersion in the home range varied from 0.06 to 0.50. In
summer, the standardized Morisita coefficient of resting site dispersion in the home range
varied from 0.38 to 0.51. Furthermore, in summer, 72% of all resting sites used by sables
were located near the edges of their home ranges. 相似文献
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为了探究绿化树种对改善城市污染的影响,选取保定市11种常见城市绿化树种,对其滞纳PM2.5能力进行了探讨。利用冠层分析仪(LAI-2000)、叶面积扫描仪和气溶胶再发生器(QRJZFSQ—I)测定各树种的叶面积指数、单位叶面积PM2.5滞纳量,并计算单位绿地面积PM2.5滞纳量,结果表明:叶面积指数、单位叶面积PM2.5滞纳量、单位绿地面积PM2.5滞纳量3个指标,都是针叶树大于阔叶树,说明针叶树对PM2.5的滞纳能力高于阔叶树;针叶树、阔叶树叶面积指数范围分别为2.172 1~3.026 3、0.873 8~2.120 5,单位叶面积PM2.5滞纳量范围分别为0.53~1.39mg/m~2、0.11~0.34mg/m~2,单位绿地面积PM2.5滞纳量范围分别为1.151 2~4.206 6mg/m~2、0.108 8~0.622 8mg/m~2。 相似文献
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Forest-covered home gardens around the tropical world vary in their structure, but serve to supply food and other products for direct family consumption or marketing. Little quantitative data exist defining home garden structure. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the variation in home garden structures in response to market or household needs and the subsequent variation in light interception and productivity.Four home gardens were studied in the Department of the Petén, in northern Guatemala. Areal extent and height of canopies were mapped in transects through four gardens representing a range of site water regimes and market orientation. Light intensities incident on the ground were measured along each transect to assess light use. Results showed structural complexity, with full canopy closure in the one or more layers within the canopy for most gardens. The garden architectures made efficient use of light and space, with intersive management for food and fuel production. Farmers grew the crops for both cash and family subsistence. One home garden on a comparatively dry site with shallow soil seemed less structured, with only a single broken canopy layer, but with diverse species of plants.The results indicate that development of gardens in this area utilized existing trees, thinning them to leave the most useful, and inserting other desirable trees and shrubs in the understory and in open spaces. This strategy seemed to maximize light use, regardless of market orientation.This look at the structure and composition of four home gardens, in a forested area of current immigration, demonstrated (1) variety of organization and plant components, (2) different architecture for different soil/site conditions and market orientations, and (3) efficient use of available light through the arrangement of plants. 相似文献