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江苏省油菜田杂草的发生种类与麦田基本相同,其前茬有旱地茬和稻板茬两种。旱茬油菜主要杂草有：猪殃殃、麦仁珠、婆婆纳、小藜、播娘蒿、荠菜、遏兰菜、离蕊荠、早熟禾、野燕麦、蔚蓄、麦瓶草、刺儿菜、小旋花等,部分地区野燕麦危害严重。稻茬油菜主要杂草以看麦娘、日本看麦娘、硬草、早熟禾为主, 相似文献
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我国油菜田草害比较严重。据全国农田杂草考察组调查 ,长江流域冬油菜田草害面积达种植面积的 46 9% ,约 2 6 0 0万亩 ,因草害损失产量约 7% ,每年损失油菜籽5 5 0 0ｔ;青海春油菜区草害面积达 78 1 % ,约88万亩 ,损失产量 2 0 % ,年损失油菜籽1 1 0 1ｔ。本文将报道 2 5 %敌草强可湿性粉剂防除油菜田杂草应用技术、药效及其安全性。1 油菜田杂草种类与发生规律1 1 杂草种类冬油菜产区油菜田主要杂草有看麦娘、日本看麦娘、稗、千金子、棒头草、早熟禾等禾本科杂草 ,繁缕、雀舌草、荠菜、猪殃殃、大巢菜、藜、毛茛、婆婆纳等阔叶杂草。… 相似文献
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小麦、油菜是我省两大秋（冬）播作物。小麦、油菜田杂草是影响高产、稳产、优质的一大障碍，推广化学除草对有效控制小麦、油菜田杂草，夺取丰收、减轻农民劳动强度具有十分重要意义。不同耕作制度和不同前茬形成不同的杂草群落，而针对不同杂草群落选择和应用好小麦、油菜田除草剂是搞好化学除草的关键。１麦田化学除草１．１杂草种类现状地处江汉平原的后湖农场调查，水田小麦优势杂草以看麦娘、繁缕、猪殃殃、泥胡莱、婆婆纳为主，尚有小飞蓬、毛莨、荠莱、碎米荠、附地菜、早熟禾、草和棒头草等。地处鄂北岗地的枣阳市对前作为棉花的旱… 相似文献
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油菜田几种杂草药剂防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潜江市油菜种植面积3.33万hm2.随着作物重茬面积的增多,油菜田杂草为害日趋严重,常年发生面积达6 667hm2,主要有禾本科杂草看麦娘、野燕麦、狗牙根、早熟禾、棒头草,阔叶杂草猪秧秧、繁缕等.油菜田杂草与油菜争肥争水,严重影响油菜产量品质.为了有效防治油菜田杂草,2010年～2011年,我们开展25％二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可湿性粉剂、75％二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂、120g/L烯草酮乳油防治油菜田杂草试验,为油菜生产提供有效、安全的除草剂. 相似文献
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防除油菜田杂草,应根据油菜的播栽方式及田间杂草发生特点,重点在秋冬季选用合适的除草剂进行防除。主要杂草种类江苏省油菜田杂草发生种类与麦田基本相同,根据前茬作物的类型可分为旱茬和稻茬2类。旱茬油菜田主要杂草有早熟禾、野燕麦、猪殃殃、麦仁珠、婆婆纳、小藜、播娘蒿、荠菜、遏蓝菜、萹蓄、麦瓶草、刺儿菜、小旋花等, 相似文献
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《杂草科学》2018,(3)
为明确不同耕作模式下小麦田杂草发生规律及其危害,通过田间实地调查,初步探讨了耕翻秸秆还田、耕翻无秸秆还田、浅旋秸秆还田、浅旋无秸秆还田、免耕秸秆还田等5种耕作方式下小麦田杂草群落组成。结果表明,当前小麦田杂草发生种类有27种,分属于14科24属,其中,双子叶植物13科24种,单子叶植物1科3种。频度最高杂草主要有看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.)、硬草[Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv.]、早熟禾(Poa annua L.)、繁缕[Stellaria media (L.) Villars]、猪殃殃[Galium aparine L. var. tenerum (Gren. et Godr.)Rchb.]、荠菜[Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic]等,但不同耕作方式下杂草优势群落有所不同,5种耕作方式分别以硬草+看麦娘+繁缕+猪殃殃、猪殃殃+繁缕+硬草+荠菜、硬草+荠菜+繁缕+猪殃殃+看麦娘、猪殃殃+繁缕+硬草+荠菜+早熟禾、硬草+猪殃殃+看麦娘+荠菜+繁缕为优势杂草群落,其中硬草+猪殃殃+繁缕为群落基本结构。不同播种方式对杂草的发生没有影响,而水旱轮作、秸秆还田对杂草具有一定的控制作用。 相似文献
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江苏省镇江市麦田杂草发生情况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了摸清江苏省镇江市麦田杂草种类、分布状况、出草规律、草相变化、防除情况等,通过倒"W"形九点取样法对镇江市麦田杂草进行了调查。调查结果显示镇江市麦田杂草有29科99种,日本看麦娘、菵草、猪殃殃、看麦娘、稻槎菜、硬草、繁缕、大巢菜、荠菜、涩荠、野老鹳草、牛繁缕、早熟禾为该地区主要危害性杂草,其中菵草、日本看麦娘、猪殃殃为麦田杂草群落优势种。不同地形区域杂草种类和优势种不同。镇江市麦田杂草由20世纪90年代初以看麦娘、日本看麦娘和猪殃殃等为主演变为以菵草、日本看麦娘、猪殃殃为主,稻槎菜、硬草、繁缕等发生较重。出草高峰集中在小麦播后15 d左右,具体到镇江来说11月底至12月上旬为杂草发生高峰期。针对镇江本地杂草发生情况,制定了以土壤封闭和茎叶处理相结合的防控技术方案。 相似文献
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荆门市近年来油菜扩大到3万hm~2。随着重茬面积的增多,油菜田草害日趋严重。为了摸清我市油菜田杂草的种类及分布情况,为制定防除方案提供依据,1993～1994年,我们对全市分属山区、丘陵、平原、湖区不同生态类型的四个乡镇进行了普查,其结果如下: 1 杂草的种类 据调查,荆门市油菜田杂草有16科36种,其中:禾本科有看麦娘、野燕麦、狗牙根、早熟禾、棒头草5种,占杂草种数的13.8％;菊科有飞蓬、一年蓬、鼠麹草、稻槎菜、小蓟、艾蒿、苦苣菜、泥胡菜等8种,占杂草总数的22.22％;豆科有大巢菜、小巢菜、 相似文献
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The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites. 相似文献
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利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。 相似文献
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Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
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西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。 相似文献
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Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):153-158
During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L1 resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P0, P1.2 and P1.2.3. Results of this study show that P1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L1. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P1, P1,2 en P1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):147-152
Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden. 相似文献