共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Spin structures of nanoscale magnetic dots are the subject of increasing scientific effort, as the confinement of spins imposed by the geometrical restrictions makes these structures comparable to some internal characteristic length scales of the magnet. For a vortex (a ferromagnetic dot with a curling magnetic structure), a spot of perpendicular magnetization has been theoretically predicted to exist at the center of the vortex. Experimental evidence for this magnetization spot is provided by magnetic force microscopy imaging of circular dots of permalloy (Ni(80)Fe(20)) 0.3 to 1 micrometer in diameter and 50 nanometers thick. 相似文献
2.
Choe SB Acremann Y Scholl A Bauer A Doran A Stöhr J Padmore HA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5669):420-422
Time-resolved x-ray imaging shows that the magnetization dynamics of a micron-sized pattern containing a ferromagnetic vortex is determined by its handedness, or chirality. The out-of-plane magnetization in the nanometer-scale vortex core induces a three-dimensional handedness in the planar magnetic structure, leading to a precessional motion of the core parallel to a subnanosecond field pulse. The core velocity was an order of magnitude higher than expected from the static susceptibility. These results demonstrate that handedness, already well known to be important in biological systems, plays an important role in the dynamics of microscopic magnets. 相似文献
3.
Jonietz F Mühlbauer S Pfleiderer C Neubauer A Münzer W Bauer A Adams T Georgii R Böni P Duine RA Everschor K Garst M Rosch A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6011):1648-1651
Spin manipulation using electric currents is one of the most promising directions in the field of spintronics. We used neutron scattering to observe the influence of an electric current on the magnetic structure in a bulk material. In the skyrmion lattice of manganese silicon, where the spins form a lattice of magnetic vortices similar to the vortex lattice in type II superconductors, we observe the rotation of the diffraction pattern in response to currents that are over five orders of magnitude smaller than those typically applied in experimental studies on current-driven magnetization dynamics in nanostructures. We attribute our observations to an extremely efficient coupling of inhomogeneous spin currents to topologically stable knots in spin structures. 相似文献
4.
We report electrical manipulation of magnetization processes in a ferromagnetic semiconductor, in which low-density carriers are responsible for the ferromagnetic interaction. The coercive force HC at which magnetization reversal occurs can be manipulated by modifying the carrier density through application of electric fields in a gated structure. Electrically assisted magnetization reversal, as well as electrical demagnetization, has been demonstrated through the effect. This electrical manipulation offers a functionality not previously accessible in magnetic materials and may become useful for reversing magnetization of nanoscale bits for ultrahigh-density information storage. 相似文献
5.
Lake B Aeppli G Clausen KN McMorrow DF Lefmann K Hussey NE Mangkorntong N Nohara M Takagi H Mason TE Schröder A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5509):1759-1762
Neutron scattering is used to characterize the magnetism of the vortices for the optimally doped high-temperature superconductor La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (x = 0.163) in an applied magnetic field. As temperature is reduced, low-frequency spin fluctuations first disappear with the loss of vortex mobility, but then reappear. We find that the vortex state can be regarded as an inhomogeneous mixture of a superconducting spin fluid and a material containing a nearly ordered antiferromagnet. These experiments show that as for many other properties of cuprate superconductors, the important underlying microscopic forces are magnetic. 相似文献
6.
Villegas JE Savel'ev S Nori F Gonzalez EM Anguita JV García R Vicent JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1188-1191
We fabricated a device that controls the motion of flux quanta in a niobium superconducting film grown on an array of nanoscale triangular pinning potentials. The controllable rectification of the vortex motion is due to the asymmetry of the fabricated magnetic pinning centers. The reversal in the direction of the vortex flow is explained by the interaction between the vortices trapped on the magnetic nanostructures and the interstitial vortices. The applied magnetic field and input current strength can tune both the polarity and magnitude of the rectified vortex flow. Our ratchet system is explained and modeled theoretically, taking the interactions between particles into consideration. 相似文献
7.
Krause S Berbil-Bautista L Herzog G Bode M Wiesendanger R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5844):1537-1540
Switching the magnetization of a magnetic bit by injection of a spin-polarized current offers the possibility for the development of innovative high-density data storage technologies. We show how individual superparamagnetic iron nanoislands with typical sizes of 100 atoms can be addressed and locally switched using a magnetic scanning probe tip, thus demonstrating current-induced magnetization reversal across a vacuum barrier combined with the ultimate resolution of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Our technique allows us to separate and quantify three fundamental contributions involved in magnetization switching (i.e., current-induced spin torque, heating the island by the tunneling current, and Oersted field effects), thereby providing an improved understanding of the switching mechanism. 相似文献
8.
Acremann Y Back CH Buess M Portmann O Vaterlaus A Pescia D Melchior H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5491):492-495
We report on imaging of three-dimensional precessional orbits of the magnetization vector in a magnetic field by means of a time-resolved vectorial Kerr experiment that measures all three components of the magnetization vector with picosecond resolution. Images of the precessional mode taken with submicrometer spatial resolution reveal that the dynamical excitation in this time regime roughly mirrors the symmetry of the underlying equilibrium spin configuration and that its propagation has a non-wavelike character. These results should form the basis for realistic models of the magnetization dynamics in a largely unexplored but technologically increasingly relevant time scale. 相似文献
9.
We show experimentally and theoretically that two readily observed effects in solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-radiation damping and the dipolar field-combine to generate bizarre spin dynamics (including chaotic evolution) even with extraordinarily simple sequences. For example, seemingly insignificant residual magnetization after a crusher gradient triggers exponential regrowth of the magnetization, followed by aperiodic turbulent spin motion. The estimated Lyapunov exponent suggests the onset of spatial-temporal chaos and the existence of chaotic attractors. This effect leads to highly irreproducible experimental decays that amplify minor nonuniformities such as temperature gradients. Imaging applications and consequences for other NMR studies are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Lappas A Prassides K Vavekis K Arcon D Blinc R Cevc P Amato A Feyerherm R Gygax FN Schenck A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,267(5205):1799-1802
The zero-field muon spin relaxation technique has been used in the direct observation of spontaneous magnetic order below a Curie temperature (T(c)) of approximately 16.1 kelvin in the fullerene charge-transfer salt (tetrakisdimethylaminoethylene)C(60) [(TDAE)C(60)]. Coherent ordering of the electronic magnetic moments leads to a local field of 68(1) gauss at the muon site at 3.2 kelvin (parentheses indicate the error in the last digit). Substantial spatially inhomogeneous effects are manifested in the distribution of the local fields, whose width amounts to 48(2) gauss at the same temperature. The temperature evolution of the internal magnetic field below the freezing temperature mirrors that of the saturation magnetization, closely following the behavior expected for collective spin wave (magnon) excitations. The transition to a ferromagnetic state with a T(c) higher than that of any other organic material is now authenticated. 相似文献
11.
Hirjibehedin CF Lin CY Otte AF Ternes M Lutz CP Jones BA Heinrich AJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5842):1199-1203
Magnetic anisotropy allows magnets to maintain their direction of magnetization over time. Using a scanning tunneling microscope to observe spin excitations, we determined the orientation and strength of the anisotropies of individual iron and manganese atoms on a thin layer of copper nitride. The relative intensities of the inelastic tunneling processes are consistent with dipolar interactions, as seen for inelastic neutron scattering. First-principles calculations indicate that the magnetic atoms become incorporated into a polar covalent surface molecular network in the copper nitride. These structures, which provide atom-by-atom accessibility via local probes, have the potential for engineering anisotropies large enough to produce stable magnetization at low temperatures for a single atomic spin. 相似文献
12.
Venkataramani S Jana U Dommaschk M Sönnichsen FD Tuczek F Herges R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):445-448
Magnetic bistability, as manifested in the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials or spin crossover in transition metal complexes, has essentially been restricted to either bulk materials or to very low temperatures. We now present a molecular spin switch that is bistable at room temperature in homogeneous solution. Irradiation of a carefully designed nickel complex with blue-green light (500 nanometers) induces coordination of a tethered pyridine ligand and concomitant electronic rearrangement from a diamagnetic to a paramagnetic state in up to 75% of the ensemble. The process is fully reversible on irradiation with violet-blue light (435 nanometers). No fatigue or degradation is observed after several thousand cycles at room temperature under air. Preliminary data show promise for applications in magnetic resonance imaging. 相似文献
13.
纳米Fe3O4对红壤微生物数量、酶活性及2,4-D降解的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】从磁致效应的角度考察纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)对红壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,研究纳米Fe3O4处理对红壤中2,4-D的降解效果,为纳米磁处理技术用于污染土壤修复提供依据。【方法】采用不同剂量的纳米Fe3O4处理红壤,用稀释平板法和化学比色法测定处理前后微生物数量和酶活性的变化;利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定土壤中2,4-D浓度的变化。【结果】纳米Fe3O4对细菌和放线菌有激活效应,但对真菌存在抑制作用,且当纳米Fe3O4投加量为80 g•kg-1时磁致效应最显著;同样,纳米Fe3O4对淀粉酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶也具有激活效应,但对不同酶活性的影响程度存在差异;经纳米Fe3O4处理后红壤中2,4-D的降解率明显高于未处理组,7 d内2,4-D的降解率可达84%。【结论】纳米Fe3O4处理后红壤中的微生物数量和酶活性显著增加,且红壤对2,4-D的降解能力明显增强。 相似文献
14.
The spin-polarized organic light-emitting diode (spin-OLED) has been a long-sought device within the field of organic spintronics. We designed, fabricated, and studied a spin-OLED with ferromagnetic electrodes that acts as a bipolar organic spin valve (OSV), based on a deuterated derivative of poly(phenylene-vinylene) with small hyperfine interaction. In the double-injection limit, the device shows ~1% spin valve magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) response, which follows the ferromagnetic electrode coercive fields and originates from the bipolar spin-polarized space charge-limited current. In stark contrast to the response properties of homopolar OSV devices, the MEL response in the double-injection device is practically independent of bias voltage, and its temperature dependence follows that of the ferromagnetic electrode magnetization. Our findings provide a pathway for organic displays controlled by external magnetic fields. 相似文献
15.
Kodama K Takigawa M Horvatić M Berthier C Kageyama H Ueda Y Miyahara S Becca F Mila F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5592):395-399
We report the observation of magnetic superstructure in a magnetization plateau state of SrCu2(BO3)2, a frustrated quasi-two-dimensional quantum spin system. The Cu and B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra at 35 millikelvin indicate an apparently discontinuous phase transition from uniform magnetization to a modulated superstructure near 27 tesla, above which a magnetization plateau at 1/8 of the full saturation has been observed. Comparison of the Cu NMR spectrum and the theoretical analysis of a Heisenberg spin model demonstrates the crystallization of itinerant triplets in the plateau phase within a large rhomboid unit cell (16 spins per layer) showing oscillations of the spin polarization. Thus, we are now in possession of an interesting model system to study a localization transition of strongly interacting quantum particles. 相似文献
16.
M Hehn K Ounadjela JP Bucher F Rousseaux D Decanini B Bartenlian C Chappert 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5269):1782-1785
The basic magnetic properties of three-dimensional nanostructured materials can be drastically different from those of a continuous film. High-resolution magnetic force microscopy studies of magnetic submicrometer-sized cobalt dots with geometrical dimensions comparable to the width of magnetic domains reveal a variety of intricate domain patterns controlled by the details of the dot geometry. By changing the thickness of the dots, the width of the geometrically constrained magnetic domains can be tuned. Concentric rings and spirals with vortex configurations have been stabilized, with particular incidence in the magnetization reversal process as observed in the ensemble-averaged hysteresis loops. 相似文献
17.
We demonstrate a quantum coherent electron spin filter by directly measuring the spin polarization of emitted current. The spin filter consists of an open quantum dot in an in-plane magnetic field; the in-plane field gives the two spin directions different Fermi wavelengths resulting in spin-dependent quantum interference of transport through the device. The gate voltage is used to select the preferentially transmitted spin, thus setting the polarity of the filter. This provides a fully electrical method for the creation and detection of spin-polarized currents. Polarizations of emitted current as high as 70% for both spin directions (either aligned or anti-aligned with the external field) are observed. 相似文献
18.
C Betthausen T Dollinger H Saarikoski V Kolkovsky G Karczewski T Wojtowicz K Richter D Weiss 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6092):324-327
Spin-transistor designs relying on spin-orbit interaction suffer from low signal levels resulting from low spin-injection efficiency and fast spin decay. Here, we present an alternative approach in which spin information is protected by propagating this information adiabatically. We demonstrate the validity of our approach in a cadmium manganese telluride diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum well structure in which efficient spin transport is observed over device distances of 50 micrometers. The device is turned "off" by introducing diabatic Landau-Zener transitions that lead to a backscattering of spins, which are controlled by a combination of a helical and a homogeneous magnetic field. In contrast to other spin-transistor designs, we find that our concept is tolerant against disorder. 相似文献
19.
Recent studies have shown that the remanent magnetization carried by an extrusive igneous rock may not be entirely thermal remanent magnetization (TRM). Some may be thermochemical remanent magnetization (TCRM) acquired by the rock at temperatures at least as low as 300 degrees C during oxidation of the contained titanomagnetite grains. Results from a study of a set of basaltic samples from one locality indicate that the intensity of TCRM acquired by a sample in a known magnetic field is equal to that of TRM subsequently produced in the same sample in the same field. On the assumption that the samples we studied are not magnetically unique, we tentatively conclude that paleointensity studies are valid in spite of the presence of TCRM, as long as the rock acquired the magnetization during the initial cooling. 相似文献
20.
Manipulation of single spins is essential for spin-based quantum information processing. Electrical control instead of magnetic control is particularly appealing for this purpose, because electric fields are easy to generate locally on-chip. We experimentally realized coherent control of a single-electron spin in a quantum dot using an oscillating electric field generated by a local gate. The electric field induced coherent transitions (Rabi oscillations) between spin-up and spin-down with 90 degrees rotations as fast as approximately 55 nanoseconds. Our analysis indicated that the electrically induced spin transitions were mediated by the spin-orbit interaction. Taken together with the recently demonstrated coherent exchange of two neighboring spins, our results establish the feasibility of fully electrical manipulation of spin qubits. 相似文献