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以柱花草奥克雷品种为材料，采用改良的CTAB法提取基因组DNA，对影响AFLP反应体系的主要因素进行了优化，建立了柱花草的AFLP反应体系。结果表明：20 μL为最佳反应体系，酶切体系中DNA模板量为1 000 ng，用5 U EcoR I 37℃酶切2 h、5 U Mse I 65℃酶切2 h效果最佳；分别取5 μL酶切液、1 μL T4连接酶(5 μL/L)、1 μL EcoR I接头、1 μL Mse I接头、2 μL缓冲液(T4DNA酶自带)，于22℃下连接10 min效果最佳；预扩增体系中模板稀释15倍、Mg2+浓度为0.75 mmol/L、Taq酶用量为1 U、dNTPs浓度为0.2 mmol/L、引物浓度为2 ng/μL效果最佳；选择扩增体系中模板稀释20倍、Mg2+浓度为1.25 mmol/L、Taq酶为1 U、dNTPs浓度为0.225 mmol/L、引物浓度为0.4 ng/μL效果最佳。利用热研5号、奥克雷2个品种对8对引物组合进行筛选，筛选出46对引物组合，为利用AFLP标记对柱花草进行分子生物学研究及分子育种奠定基础。 相似文献
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黑麦基因组DNA甲基化修饰位点的MSAP分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了获得黑麦基因组DNA甲基化修饰水平、模式及位点等表观遗传信息,采用EcoR Ⅰ和Hpa Ⅱ / Msp Ⅰ双酶切建立适合于黑麦基因组的"甲基化敏感扩增多态性"(Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)分析体系,在全基因组水平检测黑麦DNA甲基化修饰位点.以12对MSAP引物进行选择性扩增,共检测到甲基化修饰位点226个,"CCGG/GGCC"位点甲基化修饰比例为51.72%.对部分黑麦基因组甲基化修饰位点进行回收,最终分离了22条存在甲基化修饰的基因组DNA序列.BLAST比对分析结果表明,黑麦基因组中包括转座子序列、散在重复序列以及单拷贝蛋白质编码序列在内的多种类型DNA序列中均存在DNA甲基化修饰现象.同时发现,在甲基化检出序列中都存在明显的"CpG"二核苷酸成簇富集现象,这些区域分布与MSAP分析结果相一致.在此基础上,对应用MSAP技术分离黑麦基因组DNA甲基化修饰位点的有效性以及黑麦基因组序列中DNA甲基化修饰潜在位点分布特征和生物意义进行了讨论. 相似文献
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cDNA-SCoT差异显示分析是应用于植物基因差异表达研究的一项新技术.本研究以甘蔗品种桂糖11号根尖为材料,提取总RNA并反转录第1链cDNA,对影响甘蔗cDNA-SCoT差异显示PCR反应的cDNA模板、SCoT引物、dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶和Mg2+等因子进行优化,建立甘蔗cDNA-SCoT反应体系,同时应用优化后反应体系分离25％PEG6000胁迫诱导甘蔗根尖差异表达基因片段.结果表明:各项因子均对PCR扩增效果存在影响,20μL反应体系中各因子的最佳含量如下:cDNA 80 ng、引物浓度1.0 μmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶2.0 U、dNTPs浓度200 μmo1/L、Mg2+浓度1.8 mmol/L.研究结果还显示,SCoT引物扩增多态性丰富,平均每条引物扩增条带30条,多态性条带比率为46.9％,6条引物分离得到PEG诱导甘蔗根尖特异表达片段45条,表明本研究所建立的甘蔗cDNA-SCoT反应体系具有操作简便、结果稳定、重复性好、成本低、多态性丰富等优点,可为甘蔗基因差异表达研究提供新的技术支持. 相似文献
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马铃薯SSR-PCR体系的优化与建立 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以马铃薯叶片DNA为模板,采用单因素试验的方法,对影响马铃薯SSR-PCR反应体系的主要成分模板DNA、dNTP浓度、引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、Taq酶浓度及退火温度进行了优化,并建立最优化的马铃薯SSR扩增反应体系。结果表明:在20μL反应体系中,模板DNA用量为60 ng,dNTP为0.3125 mmol/L,引物浓度为2.4pmol,Mg2+为1.5 mmol/L,Taq酶为0.5 U,筛选各引物最适宜的退火温度,经2.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,扩增条带清晰,优化后的SSR反应体系稳定性好,可用于马铃薯遗传多样性分析。 相似文献
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甜菜ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甜菜基因组DNA为模板,研究了ISSR的主要影响因素,建立一套适宜于甜菜的ISSR优化反应体系及程序,并对该优化体系进行了验证.实验结果表明:①优化的ISSR扩增的反应体系为:20μL的反应体积中包括2.5mmol/L MgCl2,0.25mmol/L dNTPs,1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶,0.5μmol/L引物,10×PCR Buffer 2μL,100ng DNA模板.②优化的PCR扩增条件为:94℃预变性3min,然后94℃变性30s,45℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,35个循环后,72℃延伸5min.③利用优化的反应体系仅用1条引物就能将10份甜菜材料区分开. 相似文献
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以蝴蝶兰嫩叶提取的DNA为材料,蝴蝶兰SRAP反应体系中的重要参数Mg2+、Taq酶、模板DNA及随机引物,建立了一套适合蝴蝶兰基因扩增的SRAP反应体系：25 μL的反应体系中Mg2+浓度为2.0 mmol/L,Taq酶1.0 U,DNA模板40 ng,上下游引物0.8 mmol/L。该体系扩增条带清晰,重复性好,有望在蝴蝶兰属植物的遗传育种研究中运用。 相似文献
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通过单因子、双因子实验研究了胡椒ISSR-PCR反应体系中热参数和5个主要成分,即退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间以及Mg2+、dNTPS、引物、模板DNA、Taq DNA聚合酶对扩增结果的影响,建立了适合胡椒ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25 μL反应体系中,内含2 mmol/L Mg2+、200 μmol/L dNTPS、1×PCR Buffer、2 μmol/L引物、100 ng模板、1 U Taq DNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性3 min, 94℃变性120 s,复性60 s,72℃延伸 3 min,循环35个,结束后72℃延伸7 min。这一优化体系的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行胡椒种质鉴定、遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以中粒种咖啡部分种质为试材,采用U25（55）均匀设计表,对影响ISSR和RAPD标记的模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTPs、TaqDNA聚合酶和引物浓度5个因素进行优化,分别建立适合于中粒种咖啡ISSR-PCR和RAPD-PCR标记的反应体系。结果表明：2种标记的反应体系相似,20 μL的反应体系中含DNA模板20 ng,Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.3 mmol/L,Taq酶1.25 U,引物0.6 μmol/L。利用所确立的体系对13份中粒种咖啡种质进行扩增,结果条带清晰明亮,多态性好 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献