共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
对3种密度大叶相思人工林的林下植物和土壤特性进行了研究.结果表明,大叶相思人工林林下植物的总覆盖度为:低密度林分(1 667株/hm2)＞中密度林分(4 444株/hm2)＞高密度林分(10 000株/hm2).林下植物总生物量呈现:低密度林分＞中密度林分＞高密度林分,低密度林分的灌木生物量最高,中密度林分的草本生物量最高.低、中、高密度林分的林下灌木层的Simpson多样性指数分别为0.679,0.935和0.708,草本层分别为0.837,0.678和0.789;灌木层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为1.657,0.535和1.171,草本层分别为0.904,1.228和1.064;灌木层的Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.691,0.333和0.654,草本层的分别为0.504,0.886和0.594.除有效P外,低密度和中密度林分的土壤特性优于高密度林分. 相似文献
2.
陕西省淳化县人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用标准样地调查的方法,分析了林地的总体多样性、林下植物群落多样性及物种多样性。研究了陕西省淳化县刺槐林径阶、平均树高同密度的关系。结果表明,人工刺槐林在自然恢复下,共发现灌木12种,分属于7科10属;草本46种,分属于17科37属。林下植物种类丰富度和多样性指数也增加,灌木层、草本层分层较为明显,草本层在植物多样性和重要值等指数上显示高于灌木层。研究表明,1 000～1 500株/hm2的中等密度刺槐林,坡度小于35°的斜缓坡、阳坡、坡下部更有利于林下植物生长。林分径阶随林龄的增长而增大,随密度的增大而减小。林分密度小于1 500株/hm2时,平均树高随密度的增大而增高。 相似文献
3.
泰山罗汉崖林场林下植被物种组成及生物多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对泰山罗汉崖林场9种人工林林下植被种类、盖度、密度的调查,采用丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数,研究9个人工森林群落林下植被的物种组成和生物多样性.结果表明:1)草本层相对灌木层较为发达,草本植物的物种以禾本科的植物为最多,其次为菊科,人工林林下植... 相似文献
4.
林分密度对毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林林分结构和林下植被的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
[目的]研究不同密度下,樟子松人工林林分结构和林下物种多样性的变化,以期为毛乌素沙地以樟子松为建群种的植物固沙模式提供理论依据。[方法]以毛乌素沙地榆林地区5种不同密度25a生樟子松人工林为研究对象,采用样方调查和测试分析法,探究樟子松人工林林分结构和林下物种多样性随林分密度的变化特征。[结果]樟子松人工林密度与平均胸径呈幂函数递减关系,与高径比呈显著的线性正相关关系。樟子松人工林林下共出现植物8科13属16种。草本以禾本科的狗尾草为优势种,草本丰富度、多样性指数随着密度的不断减小,表现出明显的增加趋势。林分密度与物种丰富度指数、多样性指数呈显著的负相关关系,Shannon多样性指数对密度变化最为敏感。[结论]毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林的林分密度与林分结构、林下物种多样性的相关关系十分显著,可以将林下物种多样性指数作为衡量林分密度是否合理的参考指标。 相似文献
5.
城郊4种人工林林下植被物种多样性、生物量与土壤养分相关性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用样方调查及取样分析方法,研究了长沙市城郊4种人工林林下植被物种多样性、生物量及其土壤理化性质,并探讨了它们之间的相关性。结果表明:4种人工林灌木层植物丰富度、多样性指数均高于草本层,但均匀度指数却低于草本层;林下植被生物量总体表现为针叶林高于阔叶林;土壤养分含量垂直分布表现为随土壤深度增加而下降规律明显;土壤全N、全K、速效K含量与林下植物物种多样性指标呈显著相关性(p0.05),林地土壤含水率、速效P、速效K含量对各项多样性指标影响较为明显;灌木层生物量与pH值、枯落物生物量与全N的相关性较大,草本层生物量与有机质呈显著的负相关(p0.05),总生物量与全N相关性显著(p0.05)。 相似文献
6.
[目的]探究樟子松人工林林龄与林下草本植物多样性指数的关系,分析樟子松林林下草本植物群落动态,为樟子松林下的植被管理提供参考。[方法]以科尔沁沙地南部章古台地区不同林龄(8,18,27,35,48a)樟子松人工林为研究对象,调查林下草本植被的植物种类、数量、盖度和生物量特征,定量分析林龄对林下草本植物的影响。[结果]在樟子松人工林林下,马唐Digitaria sanguinalis的重要值高于其它草本植物,能更好地适应林下环境,是最主要的优势种。随着樟子松林龄的增长,林下草本植被的生物量和多样性呈先减少后增加的趋势,其中27a生樟子松林的林下草本植被生物量和多样性最低。林龄与Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均呈显著的二元回归关系。[结论]樟子松人工林中龄林与近熟林林下草本植被存在退化现象,需要通过间伐、中耕、围封等方法人工促进草本植被的生长与演替。 相似文献
7.
为给黄前流域人工林综合治理的进一步实施提供科学依据,对流域内4种人工林群落的植物区系组成和地理成分进行分析,并采用常规生物多样性的调查方法对其物种多样性特征进行了定量研究。结果表明:1)该流域的植物区系比较丰富,占泰山植物区系物种总数的13.02%;2)4种人工林灌木层和草本层的Simpson指数、Shannon-Wienner指数和均匀度指数差异显著,物种丰富度指数差异不显著,草本层发育明显好于灌木层;3)各人工林尚处于演替初期阶段,混交林下多以阴生性植物为主,其他林下植被发育常以禾本科等阳生性植物为主;4)不同人工林物种总体多样性特征分析表明,板栗林总体物种丰富度最低,均匀度指数最大,多样性指数较低,而赤松+元宝槭混交林总体物种丰富度最大,多样性指数也最大,均匀度指数较低,群落总体多样性混交人工林较大而单一林分较小,混交人工林更有利于林下植被的发育和更新。 相似文献
8.
[目的]探明科尔沁沙地南缘的奈曼旗沙区小叶杨(Populus simonii)防护林造林密度对林下植被的影响，提出适宜植被群落多样性恢复与稳定性发展的造林密度。[方法]以自然恢复状态下，林龄相近的3种典型造林密度类型(867～1 022株/hm2,1 444～1 667株/hm2,2 177～2 322株/hm2)的小叶杨防护林为研究对象，开展每木检尺、物种组成与多样性、植被群落结构等调查，对野外采集数据进行统计分析。[结果]造林可以显著提高植被恢复与演替速度，造林密度的大小对林下植被多样性与群落稳定有显著影响，随着造林密度的减小，林下草本生物量、物种组成丰富度、物种多样性指数增大，植物恢复程度、群落稳定性上升；造林密度与林下物种多样性指数、物种数量、林下植被盖度、林下草本生物量等植被特征指标均呈现极显著负相关关系(p<0.01)。[结论]当小叶杨防护林造林密度为867～1 022株/hm2时，群落与未经开垦的草地样地的群落相似性最高，植被群落演替逐渐向地带性植被发展，与其他造林密度相比更有利... 相似文献
9.
不同经营模式对华北落叶松人工林林下植被的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探究华北落叶松人工林在不同林龄下的健康经营模式,并对其经营效果进行评价。[方法]以内蒙古赤峰市喀喇沁旗旺业甸林场华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,以林下植被盖度、多样性指数、生物量为指标,对照无干扰经营模式,研究常规经营模式和近自然经营模式对华北落叶松人工林林下植被的影响。[结果](1)在幼龄林阶段,无干扰经营模式有利于林下植被多样性的发展,常规经营模式有利于获取最大生物量;(2)在中龄林阶段,无干扰经营模式的林下植被多样性最高,近自然经营模式的林下植物种类、盖度、生物量最大;(3)在近熟林阶段,近自然经营模式的林下植被种类、盖度、多样性指数、生物量均大于常规经营模式和无干扰经营模式。[结论]开展华北落叶松人工林抚育经营活动时,应依据林龄和经营目标,选择制定最适宜的经营方案。 相似文献
10.
宝天曼自然保护区栓皮栎林人工恢复与天然恢复效果比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较宝天曼自然保护区内栓皮栎林人工恢复天然恢复的差异,采用样地调查法对相同恢复年限的栓皮栎人工林与天然次生林的物种组成、重要值、多样性指数和土壤性质等群落特征指标进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)栓皮栎人工林群落具有维管束植物12科18属24种,次生林群落具有维管束植物27科40属48种,两个群落相似性较低(0.36);(2)栓皮栎次生林乔木层和灌木层物种的重要值比人工林低,乔木层和灌木层的物种数较人工林多;(3)栓皮栎人工林与次生林群落的乔木层、灌木层和草本层的Maglef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson和Pielou均匀度指数相比均较低,人工林的4个多样性指数大小依次为灌木层、草本层、乔木层,天然次生林指数大小表现依次为灌木层、乔木层、草本层;(4)栓皮栎次生林的土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量比人工林均较高。研究表明在宝天曼自然保护区内,相同恢复的年限,栓皮栎天然次生林无论物种组成、多样性指数、群落结构和土壤理化性质均优于栓皮栎人工林,天然恢复比人工造林恢复效果好。 相似文献
11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
J. K. Leary N. V. Hue P. W. Singleton D. Borthakur 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):215-223
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) infestation occupies over 4,000 ha of agriculture and conservation lands on the southeastern slope of Mauna Kea on the Island
of Hawaii. The aim of this investigation is to identify ecological features associated with this weed invasion by comparing
the gorse-infested areas to the surrounding uninfested areas of this landscape. The soils within the gorse infestation are
more acidic, resulting in higher levels of KCl-extractable Al and lower levels of Mehlich III-extractable Ca, Mg, Mn, and
Zn. Yet, gorse accumulates higher concentrations of Ca, Zn and, Cu than the kikuyu grass (Pennesitum clandestinum), which is ubiquitous throughout the site. The Ca:Al and Mg:Al molar charge ratios of the soils are lowest within the epicenter
of the gorse infestation, while the molar ratios are highest in the gorse apical stem tissues. All gorse plants are nodulated
and have higher nitrogen contents than the surrounding kikuyu grass. Furthermore, the δ15N of the gorse stem tissues approaches 0‰, suggesting that nitrogen is being symbiotically fixed from the atmosphere. Characterization
of the Bradyrhizobium isolated from gorse nodules shows similarities and distinctions to Bradyrhizobium isolated from the endemic legume koa (Acacia koa) within the same location. Population densities of the indigenous Bradyrhizobium are higher within the gorse rhizosphere than the kikuyu grass. Soil acidification, nutrient depletion, and symbiotic nitrogen
fixation distinguish gorse-infested areas from the surrounding uninfested areas. These observations suggest that gorse has
a competitive advantage over kikuyu grass under conditions of soil nutrient deficiency. 相似文献
15.
Ten leguminous trees, four exotic species (Australian Acacia) and six indigenous species (three Sahelian Acacia spp. and three Sesbania spp.), were grown for 4 months in a natural Sahelian soil inoculated with or without the endomycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices. In control trials, the determinant factor structuring the soil nematode fauna was the plant species, related plants having a similar influence on the nematode community in the soil. Soil nematode abundance increased from exotic acacias (3.3 g-1 dry soil) to native acacias (11.5 g-1 dry soil) and Sesbania species (17.6 g-1 dry soil). Plant feeding nematodes (mainly Scutellonema and Tylenchorhynchus) were significantly less abundant under exotic acacias (1.4 g-1 dry soil) than under native acacias (7.2 g-1 dry soil) or Sesbania species (7.3 g-1 dry soil). Bacterial feeding nematode density increased from exotic acacias (1.2 g-1 dry soil) to native acacias (3.0 g-1 dry soil) and Sesbania species (7.7 g-1 dry soil) as total densities. However, the differences in the structure of the nematode communities between plant groups were suppressed in the presence of the mycorrhizal fungus. In fact, no difference in nematode densities remained between plant groups when G. intraradices developed in several dominant taxa belonging to different trophic groups, particularly: Tylenchorhynchus, Apelenchina, Cephalobus and Dorylaimoidea. This study clearly indicated that inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus G. intraradices diminished the plant-specific effect on the structure of the soil nematode community. 相似文献
16.
Sofie E. De Meyer Koenraad Van Hoorde Bram Vekeman Tamara Braeckman Anne Willems 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2384-2396
We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies. 相似文献
17.
One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre,
Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes
of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were
observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China
is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars
bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces
were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China
does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources. 相似文献
18.
The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments. 相似文献
19.
I. V. Rodushkin T. I. Moiseenko L. P. Kudryavtseva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(2):731-736
The powerful mass-flow of melt water during the brief period of spring thaw provides a surge of pollutants and causes extremely toxic short term conditions. Together with the increase in total metal concentrations during this period, a redistribution in metal speciation occurs that increases the proportion of more toxic forms. Concentrations of ion-exchangeable fractions of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn) show strong negative correlations with pH. The sum of complex metal species shows a strong positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC). A data analysis model based on relationships observed between key parameters and metal behaviour together with gidrological data allowed an assessmrnt of the metal impact on waterbodies from accumulated airborne pollution (Ni, Cu) as well as from accelerated leaching from watersheds (Al, Mn). 相似文献
20.
The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been
indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also
been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome
number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of
Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed. 相似文献