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为了解广西牛群中戊型肝炎(HE)的感染状况,应用反转录—套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)对采自广西8个市牛群的粪、肝样品进行了戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)RNA检测。结果从广西6个市牛粪样品中检出HEV阳性率为19.13%(35/183),从4个市牛肝样品中检出HEV的阳性率为20%(5/25),8个市牛粪、牛肝样品中HEV的总阳性率为19.23%(40/208)。表明广西受检牛群中存在HEV感染,应重视牛HE这一新发人畜共患传染病的防控。 相似文献
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猪戊型肝炎ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在建立有效的针对猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的诊断技术及试剂盒。作者建立了应用猪HEVORF3筛选出来的一段序列合成肽swHEV11检测HEV血清抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法,确定的抗原最适包被浓度为3μg·mL-1;血清最适稀释度为1∶10,作用时间为30min;酶标抗体最适稀释度为1∶12000,作用时间为60min。用HEV ORF3合成肽swHEV11研制的猪HEV ELISA诊断试剂盒,与北京万泰试剂盒检测比较,符合率为73.4%(205/279),灵敏度和特异性分别为73.3%(200/273)和83.3%(5/6)。该试剂盒批内重复的变异系数10%,批间变异系数20%。结果表明,该方法的建立和所研制的猪戊型肝炎诊断试剂盒灵敏度高,特异性强,稳定性合格,为猪戊型肝炎病毒抗体的检测和流行病学的调查提供了一种简便快速的血清学诊断方法。 相似文献
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检测猪戊型肝炎病毒的荧光定量PCR方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据GenBank中猪戊型肝炎病毒的ORF2核苷酸序列的保守区域设计合成一对特异性引物,建立了一套SYBRGreen Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测猪源戊型肝炎病毒(swHEV)的方法,并评价了该方法的灵敏度、稳定性和特异性,同时与常规的RT-nPCR进行对比分析.结果表明,建立标准曲线的相关系数为0.998,斜率为-3.039,Ct值变异系数(CV)在0.17％～1.41％之间,有良好的稳定性.同时在检测猪群常见病中显示出很好的特异性,并且比RT-nPCR更灵敏,适合于swHEV的检测. 相似文献
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戊型肝炎病毒研究动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)是引起戊型肝炎(hepatitis E,HE)的病原体,主要经粪口途径传播,呈全球分布,戊型肝炎病毒不仅可以感染人类,而且可以跨物种在多种动物中传播。作为一种新的人畜共患病,本文从病原学、流行病学、疫苗研制以及检测方法等方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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为了解甘孜州藏猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染情况，分析其相似性和遗传进化关系。本试验用反转录套式聚合酶链反应(RT-nPCR)方法对采集于2018—2019年甘孜藏族自治州藏猪主要养殖区域4个县10个藏猪养殖场的229份藏猪粪便样本进行核酸检测，并对全部阳性样本进行ORF2基因部分片段扩增测序，遗传进化分析。结果显示：猪粪便HEV核酸阳性率为16.59%(38/229,95%CI=12.00%～22.10%),猪场HEV阳性率为70%(7/10,95%CI=34.8%～93.3%);38个ORF2基因片段彼此之间核苷酸序列相似性为76.1%～100.0%,推导的氨基酸序列相似性为79.6%～100.0%,系统进化树分析显示所有阳性毒株均为基因4型，且与人源HEV毒株亲缘关系近。结果表明甘孜州藏猪中存在一定程度的HEV感染，与人源HEV毒株遗传关系近，相关部门采取防控措施以降低HEV感染的公共卫生风险。 相似文献
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A. Rivero‐Juarez M. Frias P. Lopez‐Lopez A. Martinez‐Peinado M. Á. Risalde T. Brieva I. Machuca Á. Camacho I. García‐Bocanegra J. C. Gomez‐Villamandos A. Rivero 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(5):584-588
Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is established by detection of anti‐HEV IgM antibodies by ELISA or by amplification of serum viral RNA. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic value of testing HEV RNA in saliva to identify patients with acute HEV infection. Prospective proof‐of‐concept study including patients with acute hepatitis. Whole blood and neat saliva samples were obtained from all patients. Saliva samples were processed and analysed for HEV RNA by RT‐PCR within 2 hr after collection. A total of 34 patients with acute hepatitis and 12 healthy donors were included in the study. HEV RNA in serum was confirmed by RT‐PCR in eight of these patients (23.5%; 95% CI: 12.2%–40.2%). HEV was isolated in the saliva of eight of 34 patients (23.5%; 95% CI: 12.2%–40.2%). All patients with HEV RNA amplified in saliva had detectable HEV RNA in serum. HEV was isolated neither in the saliva of any of the 26 patients without detectable HEV RNA in serum nor in healthy donors. Our study suggests that acute HEV infection could be diagnosed by assessing viral load in saliva. 相似文献
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Ellen G. Murphy Nicola J. Williams Daisy Jennings Julian Chantrey Ranieri Verin Sylvia Grierson Lorraine M. McElhinney Malcolm Bennett 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(6):686-694
In the United Kingdom, there has been an increase in the number of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in people annually since 2010. Most of these are thought to be indigenously acquired Orthohepevirus A genotype 3 (HEV G3), which has been linked to pork production and consumption. However, the dominant subgroup circulating in British pigs differs from that which is found in people; therefore, an alternative, potentially zoonotic, source is suspected as a possible cause of these infections. Rodents, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in particular, have been shown to carry HEV, both the swine HEV G3 genotype and Orthohepevirus C, genotype C1 (rat HEV). To investigate the prevalence of HEV in British rodents, liver tissue was taken from 307 rodents collected from pig farms (n = 12) and other locations (n = 10). The RNA from these samples was extracted and tested using a pan‐HEV nested RT‐PCR. Limited histopathology was also performed. In this study, 8/61 (13%, 95% CI, 5–21) of brown rat livers were positive for HEV RNA. Sequencing of amplicons demonstrated all infections to be rat HEV with 87%–92% nucleotide identity to other rat HEV sequences circulating within Europe and China (224 nt ORF‐1). Lesions and necrosis were observed histologically in 2/3 samples examined. No rat HEV RNA was detected in any other species, and no HEV G3 RNA was detected in any rodent in this study. This is the first reported detection of rat HEV in Great Britain. A human case of rat HEV infection has recently been reported in Asia, suggesting that rat HEV could pose a risk to public health. 相似文献
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Luca De Sabato Giovanni Ianiro Marina Monini Alessia De Lucia Fabio Ostanello Ilaria Di Bartolo 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(1):62-69
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains belonging to the Orthohepevirus genus are divided into four species (A–D). HEV strains included in the Orthohepevirus A species infect humans and several other mammals. Among them, the HEV‐3 and HEV‐4 genotypes are zoonotic and infect both humans and animals, of which, pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs. Viruses belonging to the Orthohepevirus C species (HEV‐C) have been considered to infect rats of different species and carnivores. Recently, two studies reported the detection of HEV‐C1 (rat HEV) RNA in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, suggesting a possible transmission of rat HEV to humans. The role of rats and mice as reservoir of HEV and the potential zoonotic transmission is still poorly known and deserves further investigation. To this purpose, in this study, the presence of HEV RNA was investigated in the intestinal contents and liver samples from 47 Black rats (Rattus rattus) and 21 House mice (Mus musculus) captured in four pig farms in Northern Italy. The presence of both Orthohepevirus A and C was investigated by the real‐rime RT‐PCR specific for HEV‐1 to HEV‐4 genotypes of Orthohepevirus A species and by a broad spectrum hemi‐nested RT‐PCR capable of detecting different HEV species including rat HEV. The intestinal content from two Black rats resulted positive for HEV‐C1 RNA and for HEV‐3 RNA, respectively. None of the House mice was HEV RNA positive. Sequence analyses confirmed the detection of HEV‐C1, genotype G1 and HEV‐3 subtype e. The viral strain HEV‐3e detected in the rat was identical to swine HEV strains detected in the same farm. Liver samples were negative for the detection of either rat HEV or HEV‐3. 相似文献
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Rebecca Veronesi Marina Morach Ella Hübschke Claudia Bachofen Roger Stephan Magdalena Nüesch‐Inderbinen 《Zoonoses and public health》2021,68(1):8-11
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of an acute and in most cases self‐limiting hepatitis. Of the four major HEV genotypes that infect humans, genotype 3 and 4 are zoonotic and have been identified in humans but predominantly in pigs and wild boar, which are considered the main reservoirs. However, the known host range of zoonotic HEV may be increasing to comprise additional species, including companion animals. Several studies have identified contact with dogs as a risk factor for HEV infection in humans, yet information on the occurrence of HEV in Swiss dogs is lacking. To examine a possible risk of exposure, this study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of HEV in 84 Swiss dogs. Serum and plasma samples collected from four veterinary clinics were screened for HEV‐specific antibodies by HEV‐antibody ELISA test kit. In addition, information of 22 dogs regarding the country of origin, the type of dog feed and any history of hunting was recorded. Samples from seropositive animals were also screened for the presence of HEV RNA by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). Overall, 38% (32 of 84) of the dogs tested seropositive for anti‐HEV, indicating exposure to HEV. Among the 22 dogs for which information was available, HEV‐specific antibodies were detected in three of five dogs that were born abroad, in one of two dogs that were fed a raw meat‐based diet, and in one hunting dog. No viral RNA could be detected in any of the serum and plasma samples; thus, the genotype of the strains remained undetermined. This study provides further evidence for canine exposure and susceptibility to HEV and highlights the need to further assess the risks of HEV transmission to humans with contact to dogs. 相似文献
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Hepatitis E in southern Vietnam: Seroepidemiology in humans and molecular epidemiology in pigs 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Berto H. A. Pham T. T. N. Thao N. H. T. Vy S. L. Caddy R. Hiraide N. T. Tue I. Goodfellow J. J. Carrique‐Mas G. E. Thwaites S. Baker M. F. Boni the VIZIONS consortium 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):43-50
Viral pathogens account for a significant proportion of the burden of emerging infectious diseases in humans. The Wellcome Trust‐Vietnamese Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (WT‐VIZIONS) is aiming to understand the circulation of viral zoonotic pathogens in animals that pose a potential risk to human health. Evidence suggests that human exposure and infections with hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes (GT) 3 and 4 results from zoonotic transmission. Hypothesising that HEV GT3 and GT4 are circulating in the Vietnamese pig population and can be transmitted to humans, we aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of HEV exposure in a population of farmers and the general population. We additionally performed sequence analysis of HEV in pig populations in the same region to address knowledge gaps regarding HEV circulation and to evaluate if pigs were a potential source of HEV exposure. We found a high prevalence of HEV GT3 viral RNA in pigs (19.1% in faecal samples and 8.2% in rectal swabs) and a high HEV seroprevalence in pig farmers (16.0%) and a hospital‐attending population (31.7%) in southern Vietnam. The hospital population was recruited as a general‐population proxy even though this particular population subgroup may introduce bias. The detection of HEV RNA in pigs indicates that HEV may be a zoonotic disease risk in this location, although a larger sample size is required to infer an association between HEV positivity in pigs and seroprevalence in humans. 相似文献
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F. Hammerschmidt K. Schwaiger L. Dähnert A. Vina‐Rodriguez D. Höper M. Gareis M. H. Groschup M. Eiden 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(8):612-622
Recently, a change of hepatitis E from being a typical travel‐associated disease to an autochthonous zoonosis in Germany was observed. An increasing number of autochthonous infections with the hepatitis E Virus (HEV) have been recognized in developed countries. Venison from wild boar is already known to be a potential source of infection, if not prepared properly by the consumer. In Germany, certain wild animals are known to be a reservoir for HEV. However, current information is missing about European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Thus, a total of 833 hunting‐harvested animals (European brown hares n = 669; wild rabbits n = 164) were tested for the occurrence of HEV RNA and HEV antibodies. For this, liver and blood specimens were taken after hunts in six German federal states. HEV antibodies were found by ELISA in 2.2% (624/14) of European brown hares, but no HEV RNA was detectable by nested real‐time RT‐PCR. In contrast, a seroprevalence of 37.3% (126/47) was observed for wild rabbits, and 17.1% (164/28) of the samples were HEV RNA positive. Genomic analysis revealed that these partial sequences clustered within the rabbit clade of HEV‐3 genotype. In addition, one rabbit sequence segregated into subtype 3g of HEV‐3. Highest seroprevalences for hares and rabbits were detected in the federal states of Bavaria and of Schleswig‐Holstein, respectively. Comparing urban, rural and insular areas, the highest seroprevalence was shown for wild rabbits in rural areas and for European brown hares on the northern island Fehmarn. This study provides evidence that European brown hares and wild rabbits from Germany can be infected with HEV. The different prevalences indicate that wild rabbits are a potential reservoir for HEV in Germany, whereas European brown hares seem to be only of minor importance for the epidemiology of HEV. 相似文献
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Background
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of which swine was reported as major reservoirs. HEV has been divided into 4 different genotypes according to phylogenetic analysis. Recent reports showed that genotype 4 HEV is freely transmitted between humans and swine in eastern China, including Shanghai area. This paper investigated the recent infection status of HEV among swine population of Shanghai area in China.Methods
480 swine faecal specimens were collected from 23 farms which distribute all over Shanghai from September to November, 2007 and tested for the presence of HEV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results
Our results showed that 26.1% (6/23) of the swine farms were positive for HEV RNA and the positive rate of the six farms were ranged from 9.1% to 33.3%. The HEV RNA positive rate for total samples were 5% (24/480). The resulted positive band specific for HEV was sequenced and sequence analysis indicated that all of these isolates belonged to genotype 4 HEV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 24 isolates clustered into 4 distinct subgroups, sharing 83.3–89.7% inter-subgroup and 97–99% intra-subgroup identities. More over, isolates in three of the four subgroups closely clustered with previous identified strains, sharing up high to 97% identity with them.Conclusion
These results suggested that there were 4 different subgenotypes of HEV prevalent in Shanghai, and some of them may not be indigenous to Shanghai but introduced from other geographic regions. 相似文献19.
Takumi MOTOYA Noriko NAGATA Harumi KOMORI Ikuko DOI Miho KUROSAWA Toshimasa KETA Nobuya SASAKI Koji ISHII 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1705-1709
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is known as a causative agent of zoonosis and food poisoning.
Pigs and some species of wild animals, including wild boar, are known to be a reservoir of
HEV. In this study, we investigated the situation regarding HEV infection in wild boars in
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Serum, liver and feces samples from 68 animals were collected,
and the presence or absence of HEV genomic RNA and HEV antibodies were analyzed. The viral
genome was detected in samples from 7 (10.3%) animals, with all HEVs classified as
genotype 3, subtype 3b. HEV antibodies were detected in samples from 28 (41%) animals.
This report demonstrates for the first time the high prevalence of HEV infection in wild
boars in Ibaraki Prefecture. 相似文献
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Lee YH Ha Y Ahn KK Cho KD Lee BH Kim SH Chae C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):131-135
A synthetic, peptide-derived, polyclonal antibody-based, immunohistochemical test was developed to detect swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) and was compared with in situ hybridisation for the detection of HEV in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from experimentally infected pigs. Solid-phase peptide synthesis was used to generate peptides from swine HEV open reading frame 2, and the purified peptides were injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. The specificity and sensitivity of the test were both 100%. Liver was most consistently positive for swine HEV antigen and RNA by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, respectively, but both were detected much less frequently in extrahepatic tissues such as lymph node, tonsil, spleen, and intestine. Swine HEV antigen and RNA showed a similar distribution in virus-infected hepatocytes in serial sections. The novel test developed in this study is suitable for consistently detecting swine HEV antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. 相似文献