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1.
不同结构的日粮对犊牛胃重量及瘤胃内黏膜发育的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为研究不同结构日粮对犊牛胃重量及瘤胃内黏膜发育的影响,选用中国荷斯坦乳用公犊牛39头,随机分为早期断奶(EW)组、低奶量(LQM)组和充裕奶量(HQM)组三个处理组,分别饲喂不同结构的日粮.试验犊牛在0日龄、7日龄、30日龄、60日龄、90日龄分别进行屠宰,每组屠宰13头,并称量胃重量、观察瘤胃粘膜色泽、量取粘膜长度.(结果)结果为:(1)三组犊牛7日龄时瘤网胃的重量均差异不显著(P>0.05).30日龄、60日龄、90日龄时,EW和LQM组犊牛瘤网胃重量均显著高于HQM组(P<0.05),EW与LQM组问犊牛瘤网胃重量差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)7日龄和30日龄时,三组犊牛瓣胃重量差异均不显著,60日龄时犊牛瓣胃重量为EW>LQM>HQM(P<0.05);(3)7日龄和30日龄时,三组犊牛皱胃重量差异均不显著(P>0.05).在60日龄和90日龄时,HQM组犊牛皱胃重量均显著高于EW组和LQM组(P<0.05),Ew组与LQM组间差异不显著.试验表明不同结构的日粮对犊牛瘤网胃,皱胃增重影响较大,对瓣胃影响较小,犊牛适时食入固体料可以刺激前胃的发育,在60日龄之前不给犊牛喂固体饲料会影响犊牛瘤胃及其黏膜发育.  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究开食料补饲日龄对羔羊生长性能和胃室发育的影响。选用72只体重接近的湖羊公羔(双羔,初生重(3.51±0.51)kg),随机分为2组,分别在7或42日龄补饲开食料。每7d空腹称重,分别在14、28、42、56、70和84日龄每组屠宰6只羔羊,测定胃室和肠道重量和体积。结果表明:7日龄补饲组在42日龄后(除70日龄)体重显著大于42日龄补饲组(P0.05),在21~28和35~42日龄时7日龄补饲组平均日增重(ADG)显著大于42日龄补饲组(P0.05),采食量随日龄增加而提高;7和42日龄补饲组羔羊前胃重量和体积差异出现在28或42日龄,28日龄时7日龄补饲组瘤网胃重、瘤网胃相对重(%宰前活重)、前胃重和前胃相对重(%全胃重)有大于42日龄补饲组的趋势(0.05P0.1),42日龄时7日龄补饲组瘤网胃重、瘤网胃体积、瘤网胃相对重(%宰前活重)、瓣胃重、瓣胃体积、前胃重、前胃相对重(%宰前活重)、皱胃重、皱胃体积和皱胃相对重(%宰前活重)均显著大于42日龄补饲组(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲喂开食料可提高羔羊生产性能并促进瘤网胃发育,相对于42日龄饲喂开食料,7日龄饲喂开食料更有利于瘤网胃、瓣胃及皱胃的发育,促进其快速生长;7日龄补饲开食料羔羊在35日龄断奶较为可行,42日龄补饲开食料羔羊在56日龄断奶较为可行。  相似文献   

3.
早期断奶对湖羊羔羊生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为研究湖羊羔羊28日龄断奶是否可行,本试验选用48只初生重[(3.51±0.57)kg]接近的湖羊公羔,随机均分为2组,分别为早期断奶组(28日龄断奶)和对照组(56日龄断奶)。从7日龄开始补饲开食料,60日龄同时逐渐换生长料。分别在42、56、70、84日龄测定羔羊体重,每组屠宰6只,测定各胃室重量、容积以及各肠段重量、长度。结果表明:1)42、56、70、84日龄2组羔羊体重差异不显著(P0.05),各时间段平均日增重2组差异不显著(P0.05);2)瘤网胃、瓣胃的重量、容积,瘤网胃相对重量(占活体重、胃肠道重、胃重百分比),瘤网胃相对容积(占胃容积百分比)在42、56日龄早期断奶组显著高于对照组(P0.05);3)除70日龄结肠重外,其余各肠段重量、长度在各日龄2组间无显著差异(P0.05)。综合以上各项指标认为,本试验条件下,28日龄断奶可促进湖羊羔羊胃肠道早期发育,28日龄断奶可行。  相似文献   

4.
为研究优质牧草对犊牛体尺指标和瘤胃发育的影响,选取20头体重、日龄相近的健康荷斯坦奶犊牛,采用完全随机设计的方法,分为试验组和对照组,每组10头,其中公、母各半。对照组饲喂颗粒精料+鲜牛奶,试验组饲喂颗粒精料+优质苜蓿干草+鲜牛奶,于3月龄断奶时进行体尺指标和瘤胃发育指标的测量。结果表明:试验组和对照组各项体尺指标差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组显著提高了犊牛3月龄的瘤胃平均重量、瓣胃平均容积、瓣胃平均重量、皱胃平均容积(P<0.05),且瘤胃乳头绒毛长,颜色深,以瘤胃底部发育最好且分布较多乳头,顶部分布较少且稀疏,还可有效地防止了瘤胃内毛球的形成,明显降低犊牛异食癖和瘤胃臌气的发生,而对照组瘤胃乳头发育较差,颜色较浅,瘤胃壁薄,但瘤胃乳头分布均匀。  相似文献   

5.
已有的研究表明,消化道可以小肽的形式吸收氨基酸,但尚未很好地确定小肽的主要吸收部位。我们在另一项研究中对牛Ⅰ型肽载体(BPepTⅠ)第3~10结构域1566bp片段序列进行了测定(Genebank登录号:DQ309694),与绵羊相同区域片段序列同源性高达96.04%。本研究以BPepⅠ测序结果为基础,并参考绵羊的部分序列设计了跨内含子引物,荧光实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法测定了牛离体各段消化道黏膜或上皮组织BPepTⅠ的相对表达水平,以评估小肽在牛消化道的主要吸收部位。以持家基因β-actin为参比基因,结肠样品为校正样品(其相对表达量2-△△CT值为1),研究结果表明:在整段消化道中,BPepTⅠ的相对表达量(2-△△CT值)由高到低依次为回肠(30.62)、空肠(26.12)、瓣胃(22.61)、瘤胃(16.17)、十二指肠(11.97)、网胃(5.18)、皱胃(3.22)、盲肠(1.13)和结肠(1.00)。各段消化道BPepTⅠ相对表达量差异显著(P<0.05),其中回肠相对表达量与空肠和瓣胃差异不显著(P>0.05),与瘤胃、十二指肠、网胃、皱胃、盲肠、结肠差异显著(P<0.05);空肠相对表达量与瓣胃、瘤胃、十二指肠差异不显著(P>0.05),与网胃、皱胃、盲肠、结肠差异显著(P<0.05);网胃、皱胃、盲肠、结肠的2-△△CT值均在5.2以下,相互之间相对表达量的差异不显著(P>0.05)。由BPepTⅠ基因相对表达活性可以将牛的各段消化道分为3组,回肠、空肠、瓣胃的活性最高,其次为瘤胃和十二指肠,网胃、皱胃、盲肠、结肠则;。  相似文献   

6.
研究不同精粗比全价颗粒饲料对犊牛不同组织中PepT1、PHT2和PHT1 mRNA表达的影响。试验选取日龄相近、体重相近的中国荷斯坦断奶公犊牛12头,分为4组,每组3头,各试验组精粗比分别为75:25(Ⅰ)、70:30(Ⅱ)、65:35(Ⅲ)和60:40(Ⅳ),预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:脾脏中PHT1mRNA表达量最高,肺中的PHT2mRNA表迭量最高,瘤胃中的PepT1mRNA表达量最高,而它们在心脏中表达量均最低;试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组肝脏、皱胃、瓣胃和瘤胃中的PHT1 mRNA表达量极显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P0.01),而试验Ⅲ组网胃的PHT1 mRNA表达量极显著高于其他各组(P0.01);试验Ⅲ组犊牛肝脏和网胃以及试验Ⅱ组皱胃中PHT2 mRNA表达量极显著高于其他各组(P0.01),试验Ⅰ和Ⅳ组瘤胃和瓣胃中PHT2 mRNA表达量极显著高于其他2组(P0.01);试验Ⅳ组犊牛肝脏中Pep T1 mRNA表达量极显著高于其他各组(P0.01),试验Ⅰ组瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃中PepT1 mRNA表达量极显著高于试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P0.01)。结果表明,不同精粗比全价颗粒饲料对不同组织的PepT1、PHT1和PHT2表达具有一定的影响作用,其中高精粗料促进其表达。  相似文献   

7.
本文研究代乳品中不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛胃肠道形态结构发育的影响.选取15头2～8周龄的新生荷斯坦犊牛随机分为3组,分别饲喂乳蛋白和植物性蛋白比例分别为80∶20、50∶50及20∶80的代乳品,记为S20、S50、S80组.结果表明:蛋白质来源影响犊牛胃肠道器官与犊牛体重的比值,其中瘤网胃相对比重随日粮植物性蛋白含量升高而上升,皱胃则与之相反,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);肝脏、胰脏的相对比重随植物性蛋白含量升高而降低.日粮植物性蛋白含量增加可促进犊牛瘤网胃的发育,通过切片观察发现S80组犊牛瘤胃乳头高度较高、呈舌状或圆筒状、上皮颜色较深,该组犊牛瘤胃功能发育较好.不同蛋白质来源影响犊牛肠道的绒毛形态,但不显著影响肠道绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P>0.05),小肠各段的比值均在3.0～4.7之间.上述结果表明,利用植物性蛋白代乳品饲喂早期断奶犊牛可以一定程度上刺激瘤胃发育,并未对肠道绒毛造成严重影响.  相似文献   

8.
本文从生长发育、营养物质消化和血清学指标3方面研究人工哺育代乳粉对湖羊双胎羔羊早期培育的效果。选取24对新生湖羊双胎公羔羊,采用配对试验设计分成2组,1对双胎羔羊分别分至其中1组,MM组随母哺乳,MR组人工哺育代乳粉,每组24只。饲养试验试验期90 d,60日龄断奶,每隔10 d于晨饲前进行称重、采血,60和90日龄时,随机选取3对双胎羔羊进行屠宰。在46~55日龄和76~85日龄随机选取4对双胎羔羊进行消化代谢试验。结果显示：1)在20、30、40日龄时,MR组羔羊的体重显著低于MM组(P<0.05),但差异在逐渐减小,到50日龄以后就不存在显著性差异( P>0.05)。 MR组羔羊的平均日增重在10~20日龄显著低于MM组(P<0.05),在40~50日龄显著高于 MM 组(P<0.05),其他时段差异不显著(P>0.05),0~90日龄的平均日增重差异亦不显著( P>0.05)。2)在60日龄时,MR组羔羊的瘤胃占复胃总重比例显著高于MM组(P<0.05),而瓣胃和皱胃占复胃总重比例显著低于MM组(P<0.05)。在90日龄时,2组羔羊各胃室重量以及占复胃总重比例均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但MR组羔羊瘤胃的重量比 MM组高;MR 组羔羊的小肠占宰前活重比例显著高于 MM组( P<0.05);代乳粉对2组羔羊内脏器官重量的影响差异不显著( P>0.05)。3)代乳粉对常规营养物质的表观消化率的影响不显著( P>0.05)。4)代乳粉对血清生化指标(总蛋白、胆固醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、白蛋白、尿素氮含量,碱性磷酸酶活性)以及血清免疫指标(免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A含量)的影响不显著( P>0.05),并且MR组与MM组呈现出相似的变化规律。综合以上,人工哺育代乳粉的培育方式能够达到与母乳哺育湖羊双胎羔羊相同的效果。  相似文献   

9.
随着我国肉牛产业发展速度的加快，肉牛市场前景广阔，架子牛市场价格持续攀升，要获得好的效益，不仅要提高繁殖率和受胎率，犊牛的护理和饲养也至关重要。1犊牛的消化特点1．1犊牛出生后，瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃容积较小。3个胃约占胃总容积的30％，发育很不完全，没有消化食物的能力。此时皱胃容积大，约占胃总容积的70％，胃内有消化酶分泌，具有消化食物的功能。前胃有食管沟，在瘤胃壁上有两片食管沟唇，当犊牛吃奶时，两沟唇闭合形成管状，牛奶从食管沟直接进入皱胃，而不流入瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃。随着年龄增加，3个前胃逐渐发育和植物性饲料的食入，食管沟逐渐闭合不全，不起作用，前胃消化机能也逐渐建立。  相似文献   

10.
为探索异丁酸对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、纤维分解菌菌群和酶活性的影响,试验选用15日龄荷斯坦犊牛36头,随机分成4组,对照组、低水平异丁酸组(LIB)、中水平异丁酸组(MIB)和高水平异丁酸组(HIB)分别饲喂异丁酸0、3、6和9g·d^-1,预饲15d,分别于60日龄(断奶)和90日龄测定体重和采集瘤胃液进行分析。结果表明,MIB组和HIB组犊牛干物质采食量、日增重和经济效益显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。90日龄时HIB组犊牛瘤胃pH值显著低于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05)。MIB和HIB组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05);MIB和HIB组犊牛60日龄时瘤胃乙酸/丙酸显著高于对照组(P<0.05),90日龄时显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05)。60和90日龄时MIB和HIB组瘤胃异丁酸均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。60日龄时MIB和HIB组木聚糖酶和α-淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05),MIB和HIB组纤维二糖酶、果胶酶、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05);90日龄时MIB和HIB组各种瘤胃酶活力和纤维分解菌均显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05)。结果显示,日粮补充异丁酸促进了犊牛瘤胃纤维素分解菌的生长,提高了纤维素分解酶的活性,进而促进了犊牛瘤胃发酵和生长发育。由于MIB与HIB之间各指标差异不显著,兼顾经济效益,在本试验条件下异丁酸的最佳添加量为6.0g·d^-1。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether besides age and solid feed intake, monocarboxylic acid transporter type 1 (MCT1) expression in the rumen epithelium of calves is affected by liquid feed type [whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR)]. Thirty bull calves at the mean age of 5 days were randomly allocated to five experimental groups (six calves/group). Six calves were slaughtered immediately after allocation to the trial (5 days of life), eighteen calves were fed MR and slaughtered at week intervals (on 12, 19, 26 days of life respectively), and six calves were fed WM and slaughtered at the 26 days of life. MCT1 protein abundance and the MCT1 mRNA level were investigated in the dorsal and ventral sack of the rumen. Solid feed intake and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in the rumen fluid increased linearly with calves' age. The amount of the MCT1 protein and mRNA in the dorsal sac of rumen as well as the amount of MCT1 protein in the cranial ventral sac of rumen also increased linearly with calves' age. Calves fed WM had greater solid feed intake in the last week of the study as compared to calves fed MR, but SCFA concentration in the rumen fluid was not different. MCT1 mRNA expression in the cranial dorsal sac of rumen and protein MCT1 expression in both dorsal and ventral cranial sack of the rumen were higher in calves fed WM as compared to calves fed MR. This study confirmed age‐dependent changes of MCT1 expression in the rumen epithelium of newborn calves and showed that its expression might be affected by liquid feed type.  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the nutritional regimen of rearing calves would influence the morphometric and histological development of rumen mucosa. Twelve male Holstein calves 7 d of age were assigned to three groups of 4 animals each: milk group (I), early weaned (6 weeks) group (II) and late weaned (9 weeks) group (III). All animals received additional solid feed. Animals of group I were slaughtered after 6 weeks of age, whereas those in groups II and III were slaughtered after 9 weeks of age. At slaughter, the ruminal digesta amounted to 2035 g (milk group), 3092 g (late weaned group) and 5374 g (early weaned group). The differences in the ruminal molar percentage of SCFA were not significant. There was a trend for lower pH and higher SCFA concentrations in the order late weaned, early weaned and milk fed animals (pH: 6.4, 6.6 and 6.7, respectively; SCFA: 96, 87 and 77 mmol/l, respectively). The mean length (1.07 mm in milk group, 1.45 mm in late weaned group and 1.87 mm in early weaned group), width (0.43, 0.58 and 0.71 mm, respectively) and surface of papillae (190, 232 and 241 mm2/cm2 mucosa, respectively) increased with both the age of the animals and the elevated intake of solid feed, whereas the number of papillae (210, 140 and 92 per cm2 mucosa, respectively) decreased. In both milk-fed groups type A and B corneal cells were present in the Stratum corneum, whereas in the earlier weaned calves type C-cells could be also seen. These findings indicate a more advanced stage of development of the rumen epithelium in the earlier weaned calves fed higher amounts of concentrate and hay.  相似文献   

13.
纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对犊牛断奶前后瘤胃发酵和酶活的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
本试验旨在研究纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌在犊牛瘤胃中可能的作用机理。选取24头7日龄左右中国荷斯坦奶牛公犊牛,分为试验1、2组及对照组。试验1、2组犊牛直接饲喂N1型和Na型纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,对照组不饲喂菌液,当各组犊牛开食料采食量达到规定要求时断奶。断奶时每组随机选取4头犊牛屠宰,剩余12头犊牛继续饲喂,8周后屠宰。结果表明：①在断奶时及断奶后8周,试验1组犊牛瘤胃pH显著低于对照组和试验2组（P<0.05）;②断奶时及断奶后8周两处理组犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;断奶早期3组犊牛瘤胃食糜中乙酸的摩尔百分比差异不显著,而断奶后8周试验1组犊牛瘤胃中乙酸的摩尔百分比较对照组低（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,断奶时试验组犊牛瘤胃中丙酸的摩尔百分比显著降低（P<0.05）,而断奶后8周各组间无显著差异;③断奶早期试验2组犊牛瘤胃中氨氮浓度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,试验1组氨氮浓度较对照组略低,但无显著差异;断奶后8周两处理组犊牛瘤胃中氨氮浓度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;④整个试验期对照组犊牛瘤胃中性蛋白酶活性显著高于两试验组（P<0.05）,而外切葡聚糖酶活性显著低于两试验组（P<0.05）,各组犊牛瘤胃中β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切葡聚糖酶活性无显著差异。本试验说明在犊牛生长的不同时期,不同类型纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌的饲喂效果不尽相同。日粮中添加纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌有利于瘤胃的发育,从而促进犊牛生长。  相似文献   

14.
Effects of the presence or absence of ciliate protozoa on methanogenesis in the rumen and hindgut were investigated in young calves during a 7-week period. Ten Holstein calves, aged 7 days, were divided in two groups (n = 5) and fed an increasing amount of a commercial milk replacer and small amounts of a calves starter. One group was inoculated with ciliate fauna on two occasions, week 5 and 6, while the second remained ciliate-free. The absence of protozoa in the rumen decreased rumen empty weight (-23%, P < 0.01), and rumen pool size of N (-36%, P < 0.01) and crude fat (-37%, P < 0.05). Rumen bacteria of non-faunated calves contained a higher proportion of total amino acid-N per 16 g N (+3%, P < 0.01) and D-alanine-N per 16 g N (+13%, P < 0.05) compared to faunated calves. Further results contain a reference for a higher bacterial mass in the ciliate-free rumen with an increased number of bacteria adherent to rumen mucosa. The CH4 production in the rumen increased exponentially with the increase in protozoa population size (R2 = 0.68). In presence of 46 x 10(4) protozoa per ml rumen fluid, the in vitro CH4 production of rumen fluid per mol total VFA was about 34% higher in faunated than in non-faunated calves (P < 0.001). Hydrogen (2H) recovery of rumen fermentation was positively correlated (R2 = 0.55) to the CH4 production rate. Methanogens were attached on rumen mucosa. Methanogenesis, induced by rumen mucosa attached bacteria, was stimulated by ruminal protozoa. In the absence of protozoa in the rumen, the acetate-propionate ratio and butyrate proportion of VFA were reduced. In vivo, in the absence of protozoa not only the whole animal CH4 production (-30%, P < 0.05) but also the digestibility of carbohydrates (-4%, P < 0.05) was reduced. Thereby no difference was observed in the intake of ME per kg DM between the groups. In conclusion, the methanogenesis in the rumen, but not in hindgut, is associated with the development of the ruminal protozoa population. The level of methanogenesis (mol/mol VFA) in the hindgut amounts to 20% of the ruminal methanogenesis.  相似文献   

15.
Three groups of beef cows that were similar in growth and mature size, but different in genetic potential for level of milk provided to their calves, were studied. A procedure for fitting grafted polynomials based on calf suckling data was used to estimate the total amount of milk produced by each cow during 205-d lactations. Estimated 205-d milk production of the high milk group exceeded that of the medium and low milk groups by 186 and 561 kg, respectively. Differences in milk production of the three groups tended to increase as dams got older. The pooled, within milk-group correlation between calf gain to 205 d and milk intake was .60. Calves suckling dams with low milk production relied earlier and to a greater extent on alternative food sources of lower nutritional value than milk. Calves suckling high milk-group dams had 16.9 kg greater 205-d weaning weight than those suckling low milk-group dams, solely because of differences in maternal environment. Calves from the high milk group maintained 63% of the advantage over those in the low milk group in 205-d weight through a fairly rapid postweaning growth period to slaughter.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of feeding different levels of milk to diarrheic calves (n = 19) supplemented with oral electrolytes were investigated. In the early stages of the disease the calves were fed either enough milk to maintain normal growth in a healthy calf, one half that volume or no milk. The three groups were further subdivided according to whether or not the electrolyte solution contained bicarbonate. A full milk ration allowed uninterrupted weight gains of 1% body weight/day (p = 0.003), but caused greater inappetence (p = 0.003 to 0.037) at the beginning of the trial than lower levels of milk intake. Electrolyte solutions with bicarbonate reduced growth rates in milk fed calves (p = 0.014). The density of fat stores increased with the level of milk feeding (p = 0.04 to 0.053). The mitotic index of the duodenal mucosa increased with milk feeding (p = 0.08), indicating a superior mucosal regeneration potential. Thymic atrophy was pronounced in those calves fed no milk (p = 0.001). It was concluded that the continued feeding of milk to diarrheic calves was beneficial. Electrolyte solutions containing bicarbonate should be avoided when milk is fed to diarrheic calves.  相似文献   

17.
本试验在湿热条件下,探究饲喂不同物理形态的开食料对犊牛生长发育、瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响。试验采用36头荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为3组(每组12头),分别自由采食颗粒状开食料(PSA)、粉末状开食料(PSB)和多颗粒状开食料(TS)。试验期63 d,其中1~42日龄为正常饲喂牛奶时期(断奶前期);43~49日龄为断奶期;50~63日龄为断奶后期。开食料从犊牛5日龄开始自由采食。在1、42、49以及63日龄晨饲前进行采血和称重,49和63日龄晨饲前胃管法采集瘤胃液。试验期间每天记录采食量和温湿度指数。结果表明,在湿热环境下:1)断奶期和断奶后2周TS组开食料干物质采食量、平均日增重和重料比高于PSA和PSB组,PSB组最低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)TS组犊牛初次反刍时间较PSA组提前3.8日龄,较PSB组提前4.7日龄,差异均显著(P0.05)。63日龄时,TS组瘤胃液氨氮含量显著低于PSA组(P0.05)。3)42日龄时PSA组犊牛血液免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于TS组(P0.05)。4)TS组犊牛初始腹泻时间较PSA和PSB组分别晚0.44和1.75日龄,但无统计学差异(P0.05),TS组腹泻率最低。综合得出,湿热环境下,多颗粒状开食料较颗粒状开食料和粉末状开食料更能促进犊牛的生长发育,使犊牛尽早产生反刍行为,从而加快瘤胃功能的完善  相似文献   

18.
SUMMARY Thirty-six, 2- to 4-day-old Friesian bull calves were divided into 4 groups and fed milk replacer and calf starter pellets ad libitum in separate pens. Four treatments were applied; lasalocid in milk (1 mg/kg body weight/day) (M), lasalocid in starter (F), lasalocid in both milk and starter (M+F) and untreated (C). When the calves were about 2 weeks old they were each dosed orally with 550 000 sporulated Eimeria sp oocysts, mainly E zurneii and E bovis. The infection, detected by faecal excretion of oocysts, was suppressed in the M+F and M groups. There was significant excretion of oocysts in the F group but these calves did not show any clinical signs of coccidiosis. Untreated calves were affected with diarrhoea containing blood on the 24th day after inoculation. Body weight gain and intake of starter pellets was also depressed in the untreated calves during the time they were clinically affected. It is concluded that mixing lasalocid in milk replacer (or fresh milk) is an effective method of protecting young calves against early infection with coccidia.  相似文献   

19.
本试验旨在研究液态饲料的饲喂量对犊牛生长性能及健康情况的影响。选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为3个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头牛,分别按照体重的9.5%、11.0%、12.5%饲喂代乳品乳液。试验全期为8周。测定犊牛的体尺、体重、采食量和记录粪便评分。结果显示:3组犊牛的采食量差异显著(P<0.05)。在日增重上,9.5%组的犊牛比11.0%组和12.5%组的犊牛低(P>0.05),且在3~4周龄时,表现出显著性差异(P<0.05)。在饲料转化率上,3组犊牛在0~6周龄内均不断改善,其中3~4周龄时11.0%组优于9.5%组和12.5%组(P<0.05)。3组犊牛的粪便指数均较低,但在添加开食料和羊草时,有所波动。在单笼饲养条件下,液态饲料中干物质占12.5%时,按犊牛体重的11.0%饲喂液态饲料可获得最佳生长性能。  相似文献   

20.
杨宏波  刘红  占今舜  林淼  赵国琦 《草业学报》2015,24(12):131-138
本试验旨在研究不同精粗比颗粒饲料对中国荷斯坦断奶公犊牛瘤胃微生物蛋白、发酵参数和微生物数量的影响。选用12头3月龄大的中国荷斯坦断奶公犊牛,按照日龄相近(103.92±1.5 d)、体重相似(121.25±4.12 kg)的原则随机分成4组,每组3头,分别饲喂精粗比为75∶25(Ⅰ)、70∶30(Ⅱ)、65∶35(Ⅲ)、60∶40(Ⅳ)的4种全价颗粒饲料。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。测定犊牛瘤胃微生物蛋白、发酵参数和微生物数量。结果表明,处理组Ⅳ的总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度最低,且显著低于处理组Ⅰ(P<0.05);处理组Ⅳ的丁酸浓度最高,且显著高于处理组Ⅰ、Ⅲ(P<0.05);处理组Ⅲ的乙酸/丙酸最大,且显著大于处理组Ⅳ(P<0.05)。处理组Ⅳ的白色瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌和真菌的相对表达量最高,且显著高于其他各处理组(P<0.05);处理组Ⅲ的黄色瘤胃球菌的相对表达量最高,且显著高于其他各处理组(P<0.05)。综上所述,高精料全价颗粒饲料虽然能提高犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸的水平,但会抑制瘤胃纤维降解菌和厌氧真菌的生长。  相似文献   

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