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1.
广西防城港首次截获苜蓿黄萎病菌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从一批进境的美国苜蓿草样品中保湿分离得到了3株与苜蓿黄萎病菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)相似的目标菌VA1、VA2、VA3.该目标菌在PDA上生长迅速,菌丝生长0.8～1.0 mm/d,2～3 d即可生成肉眼可见的菌落斑点;菌落为白色圆形,边缘规则呈圆形,菌丝较致密,气生菌丝较少,菌落中心乳白色奶冻状;培养4～5 d即后产生气生典型轮枝状分生孢子梗,7～8 d后菌落中央表面因产生休眠菌丝开始变成黑褐色至黑色,20 d后菌落的表面和背面大部分均变黑色,仍不产生微菌核和厚垣孢子.该目标菌的纯培养用V.albo-atrum特异引物Vaa1/Vaa2进行检测,PCR 扩增后得到预期330 bp的产物片段,产物序列与V.albo-atrum相应序列的相似性为100％.从而鉴定确认该目标菌为苜蓿黄萎病菌V.albo-atrum. 相似文献
2.
进境美国苜蓿草中苜蓿黄萎病菌的检疫鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从一批进境的美国苜蓿草样品中分离得到了一株与苜蓿黄萎病菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)相似的分离物M1。该分离物原始菌落为白色,边缘规则呈圆形,菌丝较致密,气生菌丝较少,苜蓿组织块不被菌丝覆盖,菌落生长速度为小于2.5 mm/d;M1在PDA上进行纯培养,前6d内,菌落为白色圆形,容易产生分子孢子轮枝状分生孢子梗,7d后菌落中央表面因产生休眠菌丝开始变成黑褐色至黑色,20d后菌落的表面和背面大部分均变黑色,仍不产生微菌核和厚垣孢子。M1的DNA用V.albo-atrum特异引物Vaa1/Vaa2进行检测,PCR扩增后得到预期330 bp的产物片段,产物序列与V.albo-atrum相应序列的相似性为100%。该分离物接种苜蓿草根部,15d后引起苜蓿黄萎病的典型症状。根据分离物的形态特征、PCR检测结果、PCR产物序列分析,以及致病性测定结果,将进境美国苜蓿草样品中的分离物M1鉴定为苜蓿黄萎病菌。 相似文献
3.
为建立可同时快速检测引起向日葵黄萎病害的2种检疫性病原菌大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae Kleb.和黑白轮枝菌V.albo-atrum Reinke et Berthold的方法,根据2种病原菌的β-tubulin基因分别设计特异性DPO引物,建立多重DPO-PCR检测方法,并对其特异性和灵敏度进行评价。结果表明,所设计的DPO引物特异性强,仅大丽轮枝菌和黑白轮枝菌可分别扩增出225 bp与151 bp的特异性条带,其它向日葵病害的7种病原菌及阴性对照均无目的条带;反应体系中引物终浓度为0.2μmol/L、退火温度为60℃时,30个扩增循环的检测灵敏度均可达0.05 ng菌丝DNA量;在45~65℃退火温度范围内均可高效扩增靶基因片段,表明该方法退火温度范围宽。所建立的检测方法能够准确、高效地检测引起向日葵黄萎病的大丽轮枝菌和黑白轮枝菌,可用于向日葵种子带菌筛查及田间病害诊断检测。 相似文献
4.
根据黑白轮枝菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)及其近似种β-微管蛋白基因(β-tubulin)序列差异,设计并合成1对引物和1条Taq Man-MGB探针,建立了黑白轮枝菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法。对供试黑白轮枝菌及其近似种实验表明,该方法特异性强,只有黑白轮枝菌可被检出。通过对反应体系的优化,确定了最佳反应条件:引物终浓度为1.0μmol/L,探针终浓度为0.7μmol/L。灵敏度试验结果显示,最低检测限量为总DNA含量10 pg(20μL反应体系)。此方法快速灵敏,为快速检测黑白轮枝菌提供了重要参考。 相似文献
5.
检疫性轮枝菌及其近似种的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)和黑白轮枝菌（V. albo-atrum）在世界范围内引起多种作物的黄萎病,属于我国重要进境植物检疫对象。本研究对采自我国部分地区和CBS保存的多种植物病原性轮枝菌,包括黑白轮枝菌、大丽轮枝菌及其变种大丽轮枝菌长孢变种(V. dahliae var. longisporum)、三体轮枝菌(V. tricorpus)、变黑轮枝菌(V. nigrescens)和云状轮枝菌(V. nubilum),采用生物学特性观察,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析的方法,进行了比较和分析。结果表明：不同种类轮枝菌在休眠结构形态上具有一定差异,部分菌株不产生任何休眠结构。各供试菌株在15～25℃范围内均可生长,但黑白轮枝菌在30℃下生长受到强烈抑制,而其他菌株受影响较小。对供试菌株rDNA-ITS序列分析结果表明植物病原性轮枝菌可聚为9个分支,包括三体轮枝菌、变黑轮枝菌、云状轮枝菌、V. theobromae、大丽轮枝菌、大丽轮枝菌长孢变种和3个不同的黑白轮枝菌分支,黑白轮枝菌、大丽轮枝菌及其长孢变种亲缘关系较近。采用生物学性状结合rDNA-ITS序列分析能够更加有效地将两种检疫性轮枝菌从其他植物病原性轮枝菌中区分出来。 相似文献
6.
7.
两种轮枝菌对15种豆科牧草的致病性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内人工接种测定了两种轮枝菌3个菌株对15种豆科牧草的致病性,一个菌株是来自加拿大感病苜蓿上的Verticillium albo-atrum(Vaa),两个V.dahliae菌株中,Vd来自加拿大感病的马铃薯,CVd来自中国的沙打旺。两次试验结果表明,3个菌株对15种豆科牧草表现了不同程度的致病力。沙打旺、鹰嘴黄芪、紫花苜蓿、百脉根、埃及三叶草对3个菌株均感病,每次试验病株率都在50%以上。箭叶三叶草表现中等抗病,而白花草木樨、毛荚野豌豆、长柔毛野豌豆、波斯三叶草、杂三叶草、红三叶草和白三叶草等7种对3个菌株都表现抗病。红豆草对Vaa和CVd两个菌株感病,但抗Vd。山黛豆感染CVd,但抗Vaa和Vd。 相似文献
8.
小麦条锈菌新菌系V26的SCAR检测标记 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立小麦条锈菌生理小种的快速分子检测技术体系对小麦条锈菌的监测和防治策略的制定具有重要价值。条锈菌V26是近年来出现的,对我国目前小麦抗病育种中普遍应用的抗条锈病基因Yr26具有毒性的新菌系。该菌系的出现,对我国当前小麦生产、抗病育种都造成了严重威胁。本研究选用189条随机引物对CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、T4、Su11-4和V26等7个条锈菌生理小种(菌系)进行了扩增,筛选V26的特异性RAPD片段,并对其进行克隆和测序。根据测序结果,设计并合成SCAR特异性引物, 将V26的RAPD标记转化为稳定的SCAR标记。使得对该菌系的快速检测成为可能,同时也将会为条锈菌新小种的监测提供更为准确的科学依据。 相似文献
9.
为建立简便、快速和灵敏的小麦白粉菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)分子检测技术体系，基于环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)技术，以BGT96224V316＿LOCUS1725基因(GenBank:VCU40465.1)为靶标序列，设计并筛选特异性引物，建立小麦白粉菌的LAMP检测方法，并对其特异性、灵敏度和应用效果进行测定。结果表明，基于筛选出的1套特异性引物建立的LAMP方法能够从8种白粉菌属菌株和1种腐生菌中特异性地检测到小麦白粉菌；对小麦白粉菌DNA样品的检测灵敏度可达到300 fg/μL;对发病叶片的检测显示该LAMP方法能从人工接种的小麦叶片中准确检测出小麦白粉菌，检出时间为接种4 h及以上。综上，本研究建立了一种小麦白粉菌的LAMP检测方法，具有简便快捷、灵敏度高等特点，丰富了小麦白粉菌的检测体系。 相似文献
10.
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
15.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
16.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
17.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
18.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
19.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
20.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献