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1.
Kutum Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii, 1901), Cyprinidae is an endemic fish of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Fisheries Organization (Shilat) produce up to 200 million fry (1–2 g body weight (b.w.)) to restock the Caspian Sea population annually. Some of these fry are produced by spawning induction in broodfish by carp pituitary extract (CPE). The objective of this study was to assay the effectiveness of the gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (d ‐Ala6, Pro9‐Net GnRH) alone or in combination with metoclopramide (MET), a dopamine antagonist, on the percentage of ovulated females, latency period, ovulation index and fertilization success. The following hormone treatments were tested: single injection of 2 mg kg?1 b.w. of CPE as a positive control, GnRHa alone 20 and 40 μg kg?1 b.w. and combination of GnRHa and MET as follows: 5 μg+2.5 mg, 10 μg+ 5 mg and 20 μg+10 mg kg?1 b.w. Negative control group was injected with 0.7% saline. The percentage of ovulated females, ovulation index and fertilization success were 90%, 71.3±1.24%, 68.4±2.3%, respectively, in the group treated with GnRHa+MET at a dose of 20 μg+10 mg kg?1 b.w. and were significantly higher than those in the positive control (60%, 64.5±0.23%, 69.1±4.5%) (P<0.05). However, the latency period in this group was longer than that in the positive control (P<0.05). Only 20% and 40% fish ovulated in groups that received 20 or 40 μg kg?1 b.w. GnRHa. No fish ovulated in the negative control. 相似文献
2.
Aquaculture of Spinibarbus denticulatus (Oshima, 1926), a fish species indigenous to North Vietnam and Eastern China, is constrained by lack of fingerlings for stocking ponds and cages. As these fish do not naturally breed in captivity, carp pituitary extract (CPE), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) with domperidone (DOM) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were administered at various doses to induce ovulation. A first set of experiments evaluated the response to LHRHa (30, 40 and 50 μg kg−1) with or without DOM (10 mg kg−1), CPE (20, 30 and 40 mg kg−1) and HCG (3000, 4000 and 5000 IU kg−1). A second set of experiments evaluated the dose response to LHRHa (30, 35, 40 and 50 μg kg−1) primed with 6 mg kg−1 of CPE, and HCG (3000, 3500, 4000, 5000 IU kg−1) primed with 6 mg kg−1 of CPE. The treatment groups were compared with each other and the control (injected with 0.9% saline solution). Only 25% and 50% ovulation resulted when treated with LHRHa at 40 and 50 μg kg−1, whereas 100% ovulation was achieved with an addition of DOM to LHRHa. Both 30 and 40 mg kg−1 CPE induced 100% ovulation. However, HCG (4000 and 5000 IU kg−1) induced ovulation in only 33% of females. When primed with CPE, the minimum dose of LHRHa required was 35 μg kg−1 to achieve 70% ovulation. Priming HCG with CPE also resulted in 100% ovulation, and the minimum effective dose of HCG to induce ovulation was 3500 IU kg−1 with 60% ovulation. Fertilization and hatch rates observed in this study with different hormonal stimulation were high (80–93%). The results indicate that while the use of combined hormone strategy has no apparent advantage over a single hormone strategy, LHRHa+DOM (40 μg kg−1+10.0 mg kg−1) and CPE (30 mg kg−1) are most effective in consistently inducing ovulation and thus can be used for commercial hatchery production of S. denticulatus larvae. 相似文献
3.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Optimûn, a commercial nucleotide (NT) product, on the growth, haemato‐immunological and serum biochemical parameters and stress responses of Caspian brown trout fingerlings (average initial weight of 12.26 g). A basal diet was supplemented with levels of 0 (control), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 g NT kg?1 to formulate five experimental diets. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diet with 2.5 g NT kg?1 had the highest final weight compared with other treatments. The fish fed diets with 2.5 g NT kg?1 had higher blood protein, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocyte content and lower alkaline phosphatase. The lysozyme activity in serum was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in fish fed diet with 2.5 g NT kg?1. Concerning both stressors (confinement and salinity stress), fish fed diet with 2.5 g NT kg?1 had lower plasma cortisol and glucose levels. Thus, administration of 2.5 g kg?1 of the Optimûn dietary nucleotide formula is recommended to promote growth and immunity as well as to enhance stress responses of Caspian brown trout. 相似文献
4.
The effects of a single injection of mammalian superactive analogue [d ‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐LHRHa (20 μg/ kg?1) combined with the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol (HAL, 0.5 mg kg?1), for induction of ovulation in the koi carp broodstocks were determined under routine hatchery conditions. The results were compared with classic carp pituitary extract (CPE, double injection) application (water temperature 22 °C). Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl)‐injected fish were used as a control group and no ovulation occurred in this group. The spawning ratio was high in the LHRHa+HAL treatment group and in the CPE treatment group (6/7 and 5/7 respectively). The latency period was 14–16 h in the LHRHa+HAL treatment group and 12–14 h in the CPE treatment group (after the second injection). There was no difference between the two ovulating groups with respect to the spawning index (the weight of eggs as a percentage of female body weight) and fertilization rate of eggs (P>0.05). As a result, ovulation can be induced successfully in koi carp broodstocks with 20 μg kg?1 [d ‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐LHRHa+0.5 mg kg?1 HAL treatment in a single injection without decreasing the egg quality. Application of this combination can be useful for hatchery and broodstock management in koi carp culture. 相似文献
5.
This work evaluated the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei to low fish meal diets supplemented with 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBa). A basal diet with 150.0 g kg?1 of anchovy fish meal was designed. Two positive control diets were formulated to reduce fish meal at 50% and 100% with 1.0 and 2.0 g kg?1 of MERA? MetCa (calcium salt with 84% HMTBa activity), respectively. Two nearly equivalent diets acted as negative controls, without HMTBa supplementation. A total of 50 clear‐water tanks of 500 L were stocked with 2.22 ± 0.19 g shrimp under 70 animals m?2. Shrimp survival (92.3 ± 5.1% and 81.4 ± 8.0%), yield (808 ± 12 and 946 ± 17 g m?2) and FCR (2.17 ± 0.19 and 3.12 ± 0.37) showed no differences among diets after 72 or 96 days, respectively. A significantly higher shrimp body weight and weekly growth were observed for those fed with the basal diet or diets supplemented with HMTBa compared with non‐supplemented ones. This study has shown that L. vannamei growth, body weight, survival, yield and FCR were supported by HMTBa supplementation when 150.0 g kg?1 of fish meal was replaced by soybean meal and other ingredients, at 50% and 100%. 相似文献
6.
Arnil C Emata 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(10):849-857
A reliable breeding technique was developed for the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal 1775), to help sustain the aquaculture of this immensely popular species in Southeast Asia. Using standardized indices of female maturity (based on mean oocyte diameter of ≥0.40 mm), time of injection (1000–1130) and sex ratio (one female to two males), a single injection of 100 μg kg?1 luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) (n=16 fish), but not 50 μg kg?1 (n=five fish), successfully induced egg (62.5% success rate) and larval (43.8%) production. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 500 IU kg?1 (n=five fish) also failed to induce spawning, but doses of 1000 (n=22 fish) and 1500 IU kg?1 (n=15 fish) gave spawning (77.3% and 80.0% respectively) and hatching success rates (72.7% and 60.0% respectively) that were not significantly different from those of 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa. No spawning was observed in saline‐injected controls (n=seven fish). While mean spawning latency, egg diameter, egg production per spawn, percent egg viability, hatching rate, percent of normal larvae and cumulative survival of eggs to normal larvae did not differ significantly among the effective hormones and doses, 1000 IU kg?1 hCG had a higher percentage (76.5%) of total spawns with egg production per spawn in excess of one million than those of 1500 IU kg?1 hCG (50.0%) and 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa (40.0%). Mangrove red snapper spontaneously spawned from March–April to November–December with a peak of egg collection and spawning in May–June. Egg collection per spawn ranged from 0.05 to 6.35 million. Spontaneous spawning of mangrove red snapper exhibited lunar periodicity with spawns mostly occurring 3 days before or after the last quarter and new moon phases and occurred consistently between 02:00 and 04:00 hours. High fecundity and good egg quality, coupled with the ability to respond to induce spawning or natural spawning in captivity, provide a sound basis for improving the sustainability of red snapper aquaculture in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
7.
Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg?1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg?1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg?1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg?1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg?1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg?1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg?1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet. 相似文献
8.
An experiment was conducted to compare the potency of different levels of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) for increasing the sperm counts in sexually mature male Oreochromis niloticus (L.). One hundred males (106.49 ± 3.59g, 15.2 7 ± 0.20 cm) were randomly distributed in four treatment groups, each receiving intramuscular injections of: (i) control, 0.05 ml phosphate-buffered saline, (ii) 10 μg kg-1 LHRHa, (iii) 20 μ kg-1 LHRHa and (iv) 30 μ kg-1 LHRHa. Sperm counts were determined prior to injection (day 0) and for four consecutive days (days 1 to 4) thereafter. Results showed a significant increase in sperm counts (P < 0.01) 1 day after injection among males injected with 10 to 20 μ kg-1 LHRHa. The effect of injecting 30 μ kg-1 LHRHa is similar to that in the control group. Across all treatments, sperm counts declined with time over the 4-day sampling period. 相似文献
9.
A.J. Hernández D. Román J. Hooft C. Cofre V. Cepeda R. Vidal 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2013,19(3):321-332
Varying levels of lupin (Lupinus albus), peas (Pisum sativum) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) meals were evaluated as partial replacements for fishmeal in extruded diets for rainbow trout, with particular emphasis on the effect on growth performance and the expression of three genes associated with immune response. A series of 10 isonitrogenous (450 g kg?1 crude protein) and isolipidic (17 g kg?1 crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain different levels of lupin (150 g kg?1, 250 g kg?1 and 350 g kg?1), rapeseed cake (100 g kg?1, 200 g kg?1 and 300 g kg?1) and pea (50 g kg?1, 150 g kg?1 and 250 g kg?1) meals. The control diet was prepared with fish meal as the sole source of protein. Triplicate groups of fish (37.08 ± 3.58 g) were assigned to each experimental diet. The feeding experiment was conducted for 9 weeks at 14.3 ± 0.4 °C. The fish were hand fed three times per day, 6 days per week to apparent satiation level. Growth performance, feed utilization and immunological response were significantly affected by the type of plant protein as well as level of inclusion. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) increased in all groups of fish fed diets with pea and rapeseed cake meal. Dietary inclusion of lupin did not affect the expression of Mx‐1 gene. Our results suggest that fish meal can be replaced by lupin in the diet of rainbow trout without any apparent adverse effects on key innate immunological genes. 相似文献
10.
Gastrointestinal and serum absorption of astaxanthin was studied in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (217 ± 2 g) fed diets supplemented with either esterified astaxanthin (from Haematococcus pluvialis) or free astaxanthin (synthetic, as 8% w/w beadlets) at similar levels (50 mg kg?1). After 56 days of feeding, there was a significant difference (P = 0.0582) between steady‐state serum astaxanthin concentrations for fish fed free (2.0 ± 0.3 μg mL?1) or esterified astaxanthin (1.3 ± 0.1 μg mL?1) at the 90% confidence level. However, following ingestion of a single meal supplemented with free or esterified astaxanthin, the rates of astaxanthin absorption into serum were not significantly different (P > 0.1) (0.8 ± 0.2 µg mL?1 h?1 and 1.0 ± 0.4 µg mL?1 h?1 respectively). In fish fed both free or esterified astaxanthin, higher absorption (P < 0.05) of astaxanthin by the ileal (0.8 ± 0.14 μg g?1 and 0.9 ± 0.15 μg g?1 respectively) compared with the posterior (0.2 ± 0.01 μg g?1 and 0.3 ± 0.14 μg g?1 respectively) intestine was recorded. This confirmed the role of the anterior intestine in carotenoid absorption. Non‐detectable levels of esters in digesta taken from the hind intestine suggest the anterior intestine is also the primary region for ester hydrolysis. 相似文献
11.
Female northern whitefish were treated with salmon [D‐Arg6Pro9Net]‐sGnRHa emulsified in Freund′s incomplete adjuvant as a sustained release treatment (sGnRHa‐FIA) or with [D‐Arg6Pro9Net]‐sGnRHa dissolved in physiological saline as acute release treatment (sGnRHa‐PS). Females in four experimental groups (A, B, C, D) and one control group (E) were injected intraperitoneally as follows: A and B – sGnRHa‐FIA at doses of 50 and 25 μg kg?1, respectively; C – double injection (DI) of sGnRHa‐PS at 25 μg kg?1 administered 3 days apart; D – single injection (SI) of sGnRHa‐PS at 25 μg kg?1; and E – control group receiving a 1:1 mixture of FIA and physiological saline. All treatments induced and synchronized ovulation. Mean time to ovulation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in GnRHa‐treated groups compared with control. Hormone treatments did not affect the relative fecundity. Slight differences were found in ovarian fluid pH between group A and D (P < 0.05). Except for group C, egg size was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in hormonally synchronized groups compared with the control. Survival to the eyed stage of eggs from females in groups A, B and C was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in groups D and E. Per cent hatched alevins was lower (P < 0.01) in groups A, B and C than in groups D and E. We conclude that synchronization of ovulation in northern whitefish can be induced by a single acute injection of [D‐Arg6Pro9NEt]‐sGnRHa at 25 μg kg?1 BW if given near the natural spawning time determined by water temperature below 2°C. 相似文献
12.
The effects of different proportions of the 17β‐estradiol and 17α‐methyltestosterone on growth,sex reversal and skin colouration of the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli Trewavas, 1935) 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study was performed to investigate the effects of 17β‐estradiol (ES) and 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) on growth, development, survival, sex ratio and colour change in the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli Trewavas, 1935). The hormones were not supplemented to the control feed, while six other feeds were prepared by adding 20, 40 and 60 mg kg?1 17β‐ES or 20, 40 and 60 mg kg?1 17α‐MT to each, resulting in seven different feed treatments. Average live weight of the fish supplemented with these diets was 0.42 ± 0.04 g. At the end of the study, the highest weight gain was observed in fish fed 60 mg kg?1 17α‐MT group (2.62 ± 0.11 g) and the difference with the groups fed with 17β‐ES was found to be significant. All fish fed 17α‐MT were male, while the rates of feminization in fish fed 17β‐ES at 20, 40, 60 mg kg?1 were 91.11%, 88.88% and 93.33% respectively. Survival rates were respectively determined as 80%, 95.56%, 84.44%, 93.33%, 77.78%, 84.44% and 84.44% for the control, 20, 40, 60 mg kg?1 17β‐ES and 20, 40, 60 mg kg?1 17α‐MT treatments. The best colouration was achieved in the 17α‐MT groups (P < 0.05). The L* values varied between 32.98 ± 4.44 and 61.35 ± 2.19, a* values between ?7.06 ± 0.22 and ?3.42 ± 0.11, and b* values between ?7.74 ± 0.10 and 11.65 ± 0.03, while Chroma (C*) and Hue (H°ab) angle values varied between 7.54 ± 0.22 and 13.60 ± 0.01 and between 119.76 ± 0.05 and 239.73 ± 4.86. In conclusion, the 17α‐MT feeding was found to have a greater effect on the growth, feed conversion ratio, masculunization and pigmentation of the electric blue haps than the 17β‐ES treatment. 相似文献
13.
Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali Haji‐abadi Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani Ali Asghar Sadeghi Mohammad Chamani Gholam Hossein Riazi 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(11):1582-1591
This study was carried out to investigate a possible protein‐sparing action of l ‐carnitine and ractopamine in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. An 8‐week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementation of three levels of l ‐carnitine (0, 1 and 2 g kg?1) and two levels of ractopamine (0 and 10 mg kg?1) on growth performance, fillet fatty acid compositions and blood biochemical parameters in a 3 × 2 factorial experimental design. Ractopamine and 1 g kg?1 carnitine improved the specific growth rate (1.03% and 1.05% day?1), feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.3 and 1.29), protein efficiency ratio (PER, 1.88 and 1.85) of fish and crude protein (73.5 and 73.8) content of fish fillet. l ‐carnitine and ractopamine increased the levels of albumin, total protein and globulin in the serum of fish. Apart from eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, other fatty acids of fish fillet were increased by ractopamine, while total saturated fatty acids were almost intact. However, the total n‐3 poly unsaturated fatty acids were reduced by l ‐carnitine supplementation (P<0.05). The present study showed that 1 g kg?1l ‐carnitine and 10 mg kg?1 ractopamine each can improve the performance of rainbow trout and their combination in diet could enhance the protein level and change the fatty acids profile in fillet muscle. 相似文献
14.
Michael R Denson Wallace E Jenkins David L Berlinsky & Theodore I J Smith 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(9):918-925
Mature black sea bass, Centropristis striata L. (200–800 g), were captured in coastal South Carolina during the spawning season and administered hormones for ovulation induction and strip spawning. During both study years, control groups of females were incorporated into the study design and administered sham injections containing physiological saline solution. In 2004, females received a single intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (330 IU kg−1) (n=8) or two injections of hCG at 24‐h intervals (n=8). In 2005, females received a single injection of hCG (n=10) or an analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRHa) (n=10). In 2004, all fish administered a single dose of hCG ovulated at least once. Six fish ovulated on two consecutive days and one fish ovulated on 3 days consecutively. In contrast, six of eight fish receiving two doses of hCG ovulated once, five ovulated on 2 days successively and three fish ovulated 3 days in succession. Of the fish that spawned, no differences were found in any reproductive parameters. In 2005, all fish administered hCG or LHRHa ovulated at least once. Three fish administered hCG ovulated twice, four fish ovulated on three consecutive days and one fish 4 days successively. All fish administered LHRHa spawned at least twice, six fish ovulated thrice and three fish ovulated 4 days, successively. A significant difference in fertility was found between hCG (75.6±11.4%) and LHRHa (55.6±27.4%). The results of this study indicate that both hCG and LHRHa are effective for ovulation induction in prespawning black sea bass. 相似文献
15.
This study compared the effect of increasing dietary inclusion of soybean, narrow‐leaf lupin or yellow lupin kernel meals when fed to rainbow trout. Each meal was formulated into a test diet to create a series of inclusion levels of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g kg?1. Each diet was formulated to the same digestible protein and energy specifications. The diets were fed to apparent satiety to 30.0 ± 0.71 g rainbow trout for 28 days. After this period, fish in the reference (0 g kg?1) treatment attained a weight of 93.2 g. Growth of the fish among the treatments was observed to be improved by the addition of either variety of lupin meal. In contrast, growth of fish fed the soybean meal was equivalent to that of the 0 g kg?1 fish meal reference, but was poorer at the 400 g kg?1 inclusion level. Feed intake with the lupin meals was marginally improved with lupin inclusion, but at the higher soybean meal inclusions, feed intake was reduced relative to the fish meal reference diet. The inclusion of the different grains also had significant effects on the physical properties of the pellets. 相似文献
16.
Effect of Dietary Gamma‐irradiated and Fermented Soybean Meal on the Growth Performance,Body Composition,and Digestive Enzymes Activity of Caspian Brown Trout,Salmo trutta caspius,Juvenile 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ebrahim Sotoudeh Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam Gholamreza Shahhosseini Mohammad Sadegh Aramli 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(6):830-842
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of gamma‐irradiated soybean meal (SBM) as a dietary ingredient on the performance, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius, juveniles. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated, in which fish meal was replaced by untreated (untreated SBM), gamma‐ray irradiated at 15 (15ISBM) and 30 (30ISBM) kGy, fermented (FSBM), fermented 15 KGy irradiated soybean meal (FISBM), respectively. Juvenile fish (2.1 ± 0.3 g) were fed with the test diets for 6 wk. Final body weight was significantly affected by dietary SBM treatment with highest values in fish fed FISBM and FSBM (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatosomatic and visceral indexes, condition factor, and survival among experimental groups (P > 0.05). The carcass proximate composition of lipid and protein in Caspian brown trout in FSBM and FISBM groups was higher than that of other groups. Levels of most whole‐body amino acids were not significantly different among Caspian brown trout fed the five diets. Results of this experiment showed that replacing SBM with FSBM and FISBM in the diet significantly increased the activities of proteolytic enzymes activities (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in both amylase and lipase activities among dietary treatments. Results of this study indicated that the level of gamma radiation used did not work but fermentation of SBM did increase some growth parameters of Caspian brown trout. 相似文献
17.
Wei‐Dan Jiang Lin Feng Yang Liu Jun Jiang Kai Hu Shu‐Hong Li Xiao‐Qiu Zhou 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):1413-1420
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on non‐specific immune and specific immune defence in fish. A total of 1050 Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (22.28±0.07 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups, of three replicates each, of feeding diets containing graded levels of MI (163.5, 232.7, 384.2, 535.8, 687.3, 838.8 and 990.3 mg MI kg?1 diet). After a 60‐day growth trial, an infectious trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 17 days. Results showed that the red blood cell (RBC) and the white blood cell count were significantly increased with increasing MI levels up to 535.8 mg kg?1 diet (P<0.05). The spleen index showed a tendency similar to RBC, whereas the head kidney index showed the inverse pattern (P<0.05). The phagocytic activity of leucocytes, haemagglutination titre, lysozyme activity, anti‐A. hydrophila antibody titre and immunoglobulin M, after being injected with A. hydrophila, were all improved with an increase in the MI levels up to 232.7–687.3 mg kg?1 diet respectively (P<0.05). Myo‐inositol did not influence serum acid phosphatase activity and total iron‐binding capacity (P>0.05). These results suggested that MI could enhance non‐specific immune and specific immune responses in fish. 相似文献
18.
Phenotypical parameters as a tool to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of laminarin in Oncorhynchus mykiss 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Byron Morales‐Lange Jörn Bethke Paulina Schmitt Luis Mercado 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2707-2715
Laminarin is a β‐glucan from the brown algae Laminaria digitata (J.V. Lamour), which can activate innate immune responses. With the aim of developing a strategy to evaluate specific phenotypical parameters of the effects of laminarin in trout innate immunity, we (i) fed fish with laminarin‐supplemented diet (0.2 g kg?1 day?1) for 21 days and (ii) treated fish with a single dose of intraperitoneal injected laminarin (0.08 g kg?1 fish). The evaluation of cellular and humoral immune parameters was established at phenotypic level by the phagocytic activity of headkidney macrophages and detection of inflammatory cytokines in head kidney and gill tissue by indirect ELISA. Results showed that both delivery methods of laminarin produce an increase in the phagocytic activity in head kidney macrophages and a significant increase in the production of TNFα and IL‐8 in gill tissue at day 21. Additionally, some of these parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.025), which places them as new potential combined markers to detect activation of trout defense mechanisms by laminarin. These results highlight the importance of developing new protocols to quantitate immune parameters, in order to evaluate immunostimulants in fish farming. 相似文献
19.
Fatemeh Paykan Heyrati Bagher Mojazi Amiri Salar Dorafshan 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e487-e492
In this study, the effect of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) injection on milt production in spent rainbow trout was investigated. On day 0, 25 newly matured male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were stripped manually, and sperm quantity (vol: mL fish?1) and quality, spermatocrit (%), sperm count (cell mL?1), motile sperm percentage and motility duration (s) were evaluated. After stripping, fish were randomly divided into five groups: intact; sham (injected with propylene glycol as a hormone vehicle); and groups receiving 4, 8 or 16 μg kg?1 BW of [d ‐Ala6 Des‐Gly10] mGnRHa. On day 7, the fish were stripped again and the same sperm characteristics as on day 0 were measured. At the beginning of the experiment, there were no significant differences in any of the sperm quantity characteristics between groups. On day 7, expressible milt volume was significantly reduced compared with day 0 (P<0.05, t‐test) in the intact and sham groups but milt quality remained the same (P>0.05, t‐test). The present study shows that GnRHa injection with a concentration as low as 4 μg kg?1 BW after first stripping could prevent a significant reduction in milt quantity collected 7 days later without any adverse effects on sperm quality. 相似文献
20.
Youji Wang Menghong Hu Siu Gin Cheung Paul K. S. Shin Limin Song Weimin Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(8):1243-1249
The effects of an intraperitoneal hormone injection of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (D‐Ala6, Pro9‐NEt GnRHa) alone or in combination with a dopamine antagonist, domperidone (DOM), on ovulation induction in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were tested. The hormone treatments were as follows: 6 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) of carp pituitary extract as a positive control, GnRHa 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg−1 BW and a combination of GnRHa and DOM as follows: 10 μg+5 mg, 20 μg+10 mg, 40 μg+20 mg and 80 μg+40 mg kg−1 BW. Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl) was used as a negative control. Significant differences in the ovulation ratio, latency period and ovulation index (OI) were observed among treatments (P<0.05). The combination of GnRHa and DOM at doses of 40 μg+20 mg kg−1 BW had higher values of the ovulation ratio and OI, and a shorter latency period compared with other treatments. The highest OI in GnRHa treatments was only 56.67%, suggesting a dopaminergic tone on gonadotropin secretion in this fish at the pre‐ovulatory stage. Therefore, ovulation can be successfully induced in yellow catfish with 40 μg kg−1 GnRHa+20 mg kg−1 DOM without affecting the egg quality. 相似文献