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1.
饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能及牛奶脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在研究饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能和牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响.选择产后150～210 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛48头,根据产奶量、分娩时间和胎次分为对照组(SFA 0)、1.5%(SFA 1.5)和3.0%(SFA 3.0)饱和脂肪酸试验组.试验期间牛舍最小湿热指数(THI)在72以上.试验结果,日粮添加饱和脂肪酸提高4%乳脂校正产奶量(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5与SFA 3.0脂肪组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).乳脂和总固形物含量,SFA 3.0组高于对照组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组和SFA 3.0组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).乳蛋白、乳糖、乳尿素氮和乳中体细胞评分各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸的量对乳脂和乳总固形物呈线性增加(P＜0.05),对乳蛋白的含量呈二次曲线增加(P＜0.05).中链、长链、长链不饱和、总不饱和、t10c12CLA、总饱和脂肪酸、长链不饱和与总不饱和脂肪酸的比例各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).SFA 3.0组短链脂肪酸低于对照组(P＜0.01)和SFA1.5组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸呈线性降低乳中短链脂肪酸含量(P=0.03)和c9t11CLA含量(P＜0.01),SFA 0、SFA1.5和SFA 3.0组乳中c9t11CLA含量分别为0.72、0.64和0.55 g/100 g脂肪.结果表明,泌乳中期热应激奶牛日粮添加饱和脂肪酸可显著提高产奶量、乳脂率和乳中总固形物含量;对乳中脂肪酸组成无明显影响;c9t11CLA含量显著降低,但仍在正常范围之内. 相似文献
2.
《中国畜牧兽医》2005,32(11):27
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加植物油对高产奶牛生产性能和乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响.采用12头泌乳早期(产后30～45 d)荷斯坦奶牛进行三重4×4拉丁方设计.每期试验基础日粮相同,设4个处理组:①对照组(不加油);②添加500 g棉籽油;③添加500 g大豆油;④添加500 g玉米油;每期试验3周,其中前2周为过渡期.试验结果表明日粮中添加植物油有提高产奶量的趋势(棉籽油组产奶量达35.0 kg/d,对照组产奶量34.4 kg/d).乳脂率降低,但乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量和乳脂产量没有影响.大豆油组乳脂中trans-11 C18∶1含量最高 (23.8 mg/g乳脂),是对照组(12.6 mg/g乳脂)的2倍.与对照组(3.5 mg/g)相比,棉籽油组、玉米油组和大豆油组乳脂中cis-9,trans-11 CLA含量分别提高到6.0、7.1和10.3 mg/g.trans-11 C18∶1与cis-9,trans-11 CLA呈显著的线型关系.添加植物油使奶牛血浆总脂肪酸含量提高2倍,不同来源植物油的试验组差异不显著.大豆油组和棉籽油组奶牛血浆中硬脂酸含量显著高于玉米油组和对照组.添加植物油组奶牛血浆中trans-11 C18∶1显著高于对照组.日粮中添加CLA有提高产奶量的趋势,可显著提高乳脂中CLA含量,大豆油是提高乳脂中CLA含量较为理想的植物油来源. 相似文献
3.
本试验旨在研究饲粮全棉籽比例对奶牛泌乳性能和乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响.试验采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,选择8头泌乳早期的经产中国荷斯坦奶牛(产奶量、胎次、产犊日期接近,健康无疾病),分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复1头牛.A组饲喂基础饲粮,B、C和D组分别饲喂含5％、10％、15％全棉籽的试验饲粮.每期试验28 d,其中预试期为7d,正试期为21 d.结果表明:随着饲粮全棉籽比例的增加,奶牛产奶量有提高趋势(P＞0.05),校正乳产量极显著提高(P＜0.01).全棉籽极显著地提高了奶牛的乳脂率(P＜0.01),对乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳非脂固形物率无显著影响(P＞0.05).全棉籽极显著降低了饱和脂肪酸( SFA)的含量(P＜0.01),不同程度地提高了乳中多不饱和脂肪酸( PUFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);短链脂肪酸和中链脂肪酸含量都显著降低(P＜0.05),长链脂肪酸含量有不同程度的提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结果提示,饲粮中添加全棉籽可以提高奶牛产奶量,优化乳脂脂肪酸组成,改善乳脂品质,并以10％为泌乳早期奶牛最佳饲粮全棉籽比例. 相似文献
4.
在泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加trans-18：1亚油酸钙盐(Ca-tFA)或共轭亚油酸钙盐(Ca-CLA)测定乳脂变化。45头荷斯坦奶牛(115d，产奶期)，饲喂添加400g EnerG Ⅱ(棕榈油脂肪酸钙盐)对照日粮(51％饲草，以干物质为基础)2周；之后，采用随机区组设计分为5组，每组9头，分别饲喂对照日粮、添加100g Ca-CLA的日粮和分别添加100、200、400g Ca-tFA的日粮，饲喂4周。各处理组奶牛的干物质进食量、产奶量、乳蛋白、乳糖和体细胞数没有受到影响。乳脂率从3．39％(对照组)降到3．3％(100g Ca-tFA)、3．04％(200g Ca-tFA)、2．98％(400g Ca-tFA)和2．54％(Ca-CLA)。乳脂量(对照组1．24kg／d)随Ca-tFA添加量的增加分别下降了60、130、190g／d，Ca-CLA组下降了290g／d。添加Ca-tFA增加了内源cis-9-共轭亚油酸的合成。所以日粮中添加Ca-CLA或Ca-tFA乳中总CLA含量相似。与对照组相比，添加Ca-CLA增加了乳中trans-10 CLA、cis-12-18：2CLA的含量，但trans-18：1CLA异构体的水平没有改变；添加Ca-tFA组乳中多数的trans-18：1CLA异构体含量增加，但trans-10、cis-12-18：2CLA的含量与对照组相似。结论：乳脂降低与乳中trans-10CLA、cis-12-18：2CLA和其它成分的含量无关，可能与trans-10-18：1CLA异构体有关。 相似文献
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文章旨在研究饲粮中添加互花米草提取物对奶牛产奶性能及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取体重(550±25) kg、胎次2～3胎、泌乳期(110±24) d及泌乳(24.2±4.2) kg/d的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛90头,采用完全随机区组设计分为6组,每组15头,进行为期60 d的饲养试验,其中预试期10 d,正试期50 d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,处理组分别在基础饲粮中每天添加5、10、25、50 g/d和100 g/d的互花米草提取物。结果表明:整个试验期间,处理组的采食量、产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、总固形物含量、乳尿素氮含量以及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰胺基转移酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、总蛋白、球蛋白和肌酐含量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);5～50 g/d组乳糖率和白蛋白含量显著高于100 g/d组(P<0.05)。互花米草提取物添加量5～50 g/d组体细胞数显著低于对照组和100 g/d组(P<0.05)。50 g/d组尿素氮浓度显著高于100 g/d组(P<0.05);而该组尿酸浓度显著低于5 g/d组(P<0.05)。50 g/d组葡萄糖浓度显著高于对照组、5 g/d和10 g/d组(P<0.05)。试验条件下,饲粮中添加100 g/d范围内的互花米草提取物对奶牛产奶性能没有明显影响,但50 g/d组可以提高乳糖率和血糖浓度,降低体细胞数,是适宜的添加剂量。 相似文献
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7.
试验旨在评价日粮中添加含有不同脂肪酸成分的未保护的植物油或植物油商业抗氧化剂( Agrado)的混合物对奶牛的生产性能、乳脂脂肪酸成分及乳脂降低的影响.24头经产荷斯坦奶牛通过产奶量高低分为Agrado添加组、Agrado不添加组,抗氧化剂处理作为试验的主区.每个固定效应的处理组(高产奶量奶牛日粮中添加及不添加抗氧化剂、低产奶量组奶牛日粮中添加及不加抗氧化剂)中的6头奶牛作为拉丁方设计中21 d的裂区设计.试验拉丁方设计中裂区的日粮处理组的6头奶牛饲喂无油类添加的日粮作为对照组(control),日粮中添加5％ DM的棕榈油(PO)或含高油酸的红花油(OSAF)或含高亚油酸的红花油(LSAF)或亚麻籽(LNSD)或玉米(CO).添加的油类替换全混合日粮中的玉米淀粉;所有处理组的日粮各营养成分如粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维含量相当,日粮中含有41.2％的苜蓿、18.3％玉米青贮、和40.5％精料混合物(均以干物质含量为基础).饲喂抗氧化剂Agrado不会影响乳产量、乳脂和乳蛋白产量及乳脂中脂肪酸的组成.添加植物油较对照组而言,动物的干物质采食量、乳产量和乳蛋白产量无显著差异.但PO组的乳脂含量及乳脂中中短链脂肪酸(C＜16)的比例及含量较对照组显著降低.饲喂棕榈油能有效的维持乳脂产量(1.18 kg/d)及含量(3.44％).然而,富含亚油酸的植物油组(CO和LSAF)较对照组显著降低乳脂产量(0.98、0.86和1.14 kg/d)和乳脂浓度(3.05％、2.83％和3.41％).OSAF和LNSD组的奶牛的生产性能相似说明油酸和亚油酸对乳脂降低的作用相近. 相似文献
8.
采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用8头健康泌乳水牛,分为4组,每组2头,试验分对照组,半胱胺一组、二组和三组(半胱胺添加量分别为占精料0.2%,0.4%和0.6%)共4组,一共4个试验期,每一试验处理期为2周,每周后2 d采集奶样进行分析,并记录产奶量。结果表明:日粮中添加半胱胺可以提高产奶量,部分降低泌乳水牛牛奶的乳脂率,但乳蛋白率、总固形物、非脂固形物、乳糖在各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组乳脂长链脂肪酸特别是长链不饱和脂肪酸相比对照组均有不同程度的提高,其中半胱胺三组乳脂共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量相比对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添喂半胱胺可提高泌乳水牛生产性能,提高水牛奶中CLA的含量。 相似文献
9.
苜蓿及油料籽实对奶牛生产性能和乳脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
选择9头中国荷斯坦奶牛,研究添加富含亚麻酸和亚油酸的油料籽实及苜蓿对乳脂肪酸中共轭亚油酸(CLA)和其他不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响,并探讨不饱和脂肪酸的代谢规律。采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,每阶段试验期为1个月。3个处理组分别为:(1)基础日粮(对照组);(2)基础日粮中部分粗饲料和精料由苜蓿和整粒亚麻籽替代(亚麻籽组);(3)基础日粮中部分粗饲料和精料由苜蓿和破碎大豆替代(大豆组)。各组日粮中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和纤维含量相似。结果表明:(1)添加苜蓿、亚麻籽或大豆对奶牛生产性能的影响各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白含量均无明显差异(P>0.05);(2)添加苜蓿、亚麻籽或大豆显著提高了乳脂中CLA和其他不饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.05)。乳脂中CLA含量各组依次为7.08、10.18和12.01 mg/g总脂肪酸(TFA),C18∶2含量依次为13.35、16.41和24.62 mg/g TFA,C18∶3含量依次为1.55、4.62和4.52 mg/g TFA;(3)添加大豆提高乳脂中CLA和不饱和脂肪酸的效果好于亚麻籽,但添加亚麻籽得到最低的Omega-6/Omega-3值。 相似文献
10.
黄花蒿提取物生产工艺条件及其对乳中共轭亚油酸 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(2):47-47
黄花蒿乙醇提取物含有多种营养活性物质,主要包括萜类、倍半萜类、芳香族类、脂肪酸类、甾体类、黄酮类、生物碱类等化合物。反刍动物日粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物能够增加其乳中共轭亚油酸（CLA）含量。综述了黄花蒿乙醇提取物的主要营养活性物质、提取工艺条件、营养活性物质的检测方法及黄花蒿提取物在动物日粮中的适宜添加量,旨在为生产CLA乳提供参考。 相似文献
11.
旨在探索共轭亚油酸（CLA）对奶牛乳脂肪球粒径（MFG）及分布的影响。本试验选取24头体况相近的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛（体重（583±34.6）kg,产奶量（27.2±2.4）kg·d-1）,分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组（C组）饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组（L组）饲喂基础日粮+150 g·d-1 CLA,中剂量组（M组）饲喂基础日粮+300 g·d-1 CLA,高剂量（H组）饲喂基础日粮+400 g·d-1 CLA。连续饲喂5 d,测量奶牛采食量、产奶量和乳成分,采用Mastersizer 3000激光粒度仪测量乳脂肪球颗粒平均直径以及比例分布。结果发现,饲喂CLA对奶牛采食量、产奶量、乳蛋白和乳糖含量没有显著影响（P>0.05）,CLA处理极显著降低了乳脂肪的含量（P<0.01）。与对照组相比,CLA处理组牛乳中脂肪球粒径D[3,2]和D[4,3]显著减少（P<0.05）,并且随CLA添加剂量的增加,脂肪球分布比例呈现小脂肪球增多而大脂肪球减少的变化趋势。综上,在本试验条件下,饲粮CLA水平能够改变奶牛乳脂肪球粒径大小和比例,为阐明反式脂肪酸CLA造成奶牛低脂乳的内在机制提供基础。 相似文献
12.
O. Herstad M. Øverland A. Haug A. Skrede M. S. Thomassen E. Egaas 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):121-128
Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of oil sources in the diet on milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid (FA) profiles in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 150 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 596±19 kg; milk yield = 29.7±3.00 kg/d) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned into four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% flaxseed oil (FSO), 2% soybean oil (SBO), and 2% oil from extruded soybeans (ESB). The experiment lasted nine weeks including the first week for adaptation. Milk yields, milk compositions (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk FA profiles were measured. Daily milk yield from cows fed with FSO, SBO, and ESB were higher than milk yield of the control cows (27.0, 27.0, and 26.5 vs. 25.4 kg/d). Milk fat percentage of the control cows was greater than those cows fed with oil-supplemented diets. However, increasing dietary fat content resulted with no change in fat-corrected milk yield. The FA profile of milk was changed by fat supplementation. Feeding oil reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C8:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) FAs, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥C18:0) FAs in milk fat. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat was increased from 0.38% for the control to 0.79, 1.51, and 1.56% of fat for the cows supplemented with FSO, SBO, and ESB, respectively. Feeding oils rich in linoleic acid (SBO and ESB) was more effective in enhancing cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat than oils containing linolenic acid (FSO). There was a linear relationship between transvaccenic acid and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. Overall, feeding the FSO, SBO, and ESB diets increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the saturated fatty acid in milk fat. 相似文献
13.
饲料蛋白质组分对泌乳奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验研究采用粗蛋白质相同而蛋白质组分水平不同的四种日粮(日粮粗蛋白质中瘤胃未降解蛋白质(RUP)比例由35.9%逐步提高到40.9%,其他营养成分基本保持一致),选择32头处于中产水平的荷斯坦奶牛,根据产奶量、胎次和泌乳日龄按配对法随机分为四组,研究了不同蛋白质组分水平的日粮对奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白质产量的影响规律。结果表明,粗蛋白质相同而蛋白质组分水平不同的日粮对奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白产量没有显著的影响(P>0.05),但乳脂率有下降的趋势,乳蛋白产量有增加的趋势。 相似文献
14.
SH. Khodamoradi F. Fatahnia K. Taherpour V. Pirani L. Rashidi A. Azarfar 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(4):666-674
Feeding unsaturated oils to lactating dairy cows impair ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) and increase ruminal outflow of BH intermediates such as trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA that are considered to be potent inhibitors of milk fat synthesis. Supplementing lactating dairy cow’s rations containing plant origin oils with monensin and/or vitamin E may minimise the formation of trans‐10 isomers in the rumen, thereby preventing milk fat depression. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin and vitamin E supplementation in the diets of lactating dairy cows containing whole cottonseed, as the main source of FA on feed intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilisation, efficiency of net energy (NE) utilisation and nutrients digestibilities. Four multiparous Holstein lactating dairy cows (86 ± 41 days in milk) were assigned to a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 21 days with a 14 days of treatment adaptation and a 7 days of data collection. The control diet was a total mixed ration (TMR) consisted of 430 g/kg forage and 570 g/kg of a concentrate mixture on dry matter (DM) basis. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments including control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E/kg of DM (E), control diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (M) and control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E and 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (EM). Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 19.1 to 19.5 kg/d and was similar among the dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk production, milk fat, protein and lactose concentrations, efficiency of utilisation of nitrogen and net energy for lactation (NEL). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was not affected by the dietary treatments. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in cows fed with the M and EM diets in relation to those fed the C and E diets. The concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, trans‐10‐16:1, cis‐9‐16:1, 17:0, 18:0, trans‐11‐18:1, cis‐9‐18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA, and 18:3n‐3 FA in milk fat were not affected by the dietary supplementations. While feeding the M diet tended to decrease milk fat concentration of C16:0, the milk fat concentration of C18:2n‐6 FA tended to be increased. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk fat concentrations of saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, short chain and long chain FA, but feeding the M diet numerically decreased milk fat concentration of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The results showed that vitamin E and/or monensin supplementations did not improve milk fat content and did not minimise the formation of trans‐10 FA isomers in the rumen when whole cottonseed was included in the diet as the main source of fatty acids. 相似文献
15.
本试验旨在研究不同饲粮条件下泌乳奶牛对乳脂前体物的摄取和利用规律。选取体重为(617±21)kg、泌乳天数为(120±20)d的9头健康泌乳荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3重复3×3拉丁方设计,随机分为3组,其中2组饲粮的精饲料配方不同,粗饲料相同均为秸秆,精粗比均为6∶4(分别称之为CSA和CSB组),余下1组以羊草、苜蓿干草、全株玉米青贮为混合粗饲料,精粗比为4∶6(MF组),每组3头;试验期84 d,分为3期,每期28 d,包括21 d的预试期及7 d的正试期。结果表明:1)各组产奶量及乳成分差异不显著(P0.05),但MF组的泌乳效率显著高于CSA和CSB组(P0.05)。2)各组饲粮C16∶0和C18∶0摄取量差异不显著(P0.05);MF组饲粮C18∶1 c9摄取量显著低于CSA和CSB组(P0.05)。3)MF组动脉血浆中长链脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量均高于CSA和CSB组,特别是C18∶3 n3含量显著高于CSA和CSB组(P0.05)。4)MF和CSB组乳腺C18∶3 n3摄取量(日平均值)显著高于CSA组(P0.05);各组乳腺对其他长链脂肪酸的摄取量差异不显著(P0.05)。5)最终体现在乳中,表现为MF组的C18∶3 n3产量较CSA和CSB组有升高的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),而原本乳腺摄取量无显著差异的C18∶2 n6(P0.05),在乳中产量显著低于CSA和CSB组(P0.05)。由此可见,相同粗饲料、不同精饲料饲粮对泌乳奶牛生产性能无显著影响,而优质的粗饲料即使在精饲料比例降低的前提下,对乳中脂肪酸的组成及产量仍可以产生影响,使其更倾向于有利人体健康。 相似文献
16.
Kupczyński R Szołtysik M Janeczek W Chrzanowska J Kinal S Króliczewska B 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(4):512-522
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dietary unprotected fish oil on milk yield, fatty acids content and serum metabolic profile in dairy cows. Forty lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned to two groups. The cows were fed a control basal diet (C group), or a basal diet containing 2% addition of fish oil on mineral carrier (FOM group) during a 8-week period. Supplementing FOM diet of dairy cows had no significant effect on milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose concentration and somatic cells count, but increased the milk yield (36.5 kg/d), (p < 0.05) compared with the control cows (34.28 kg/d). We observed an increase (p < 0.05) in body condition scoring between C and FOM groups. Additionally, higher levels of non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate acid were noticed in FOM group after 8 weeks of the experiment; however, these serum parameters still were in the reference range. Concentration of insulin was higher (30.40 μU/ml; p < 0.01) in the FOM group compared with the control group (14.03 μU/ml). In the FOM group, significant increase (p < 0.01) in long-chain fatty acids, mainly cis-9, trans-11 CLA and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) was observed. The obtained results demonstrated that addition of fish oil to cows' diet could profitably modify the fatty acids in cow's milk. 相似文献
17.
V. Artegoitia A. Meikle L. Olazabal J. P. Damin M. L. Adrien D. A. Mattiauda J. Bermudez A. Torre M. Carriquiry 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(5):919-932
The objective was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) at 30 days before calving (−30 days) induced by a differential nutritional management, parity and week of lactation (WOL) on milk yield and composition, and milk casein and fatty acid composition. Primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows with high BCS (PH, n = 13; MH, n = 9) and low BCS (PL, n = 9; ML = 8) under grazing conditions were sampled at WOL 2 and 8 (before and after peak of lactation). Milk yield was greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows and tended to decrease from WOL 2 to 8 only in ML cows. Milk protein, fat and casein yields were greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows and decreased from WOL 2 to 8. Milk casein concentration in milk protein was greater in MH cows than in ML, PH and PL cows at WOL 2. Milk κ‐casein was greater, and β‐casein was less in multiparous than in primiparous cows. As lactation progressed, proportion of casein fractions were not altered. Only κ‐casein fraction was affected by BCS at −30 days as PL showed a higher concentration than PH. The de novo (4:0–15:1) and mixed‐origin fatty acids (16:0–16:1) in milk fat increased, whereas preformed fatty acids (≥17:0) decreased from WOL 2 to 8. Saturated (SAT) fatty acids tended to be greater and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were less in multiparous than in primiparous cows. High‐BCS cows had greater concentrations of polyunsaturated (PUFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as well as n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids in milk fat than low‐BCS cows. The results indicate that casein and fatty acid fractions in milk were affected by parity and may be modified by a differential nutritional management during the pre‐calving period (BCS at −30 days) in cows under grazing conditions. 相似文献
18.
8头泌乳中期的奶牛被随机分为2组，分别是对照组（每头牛：基础日粮＋棕榈酸钙200g／d）和试验组（每头牛：基础日粮＋共轭亚油酸钙200g／d），试验期14d，检测了奶产量、乳成分，分析奶牛的血液变化，并采用荧光定量PCR对乳汁体细胞中脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACACA）的基因表达进行检测。结果显示，与对照组相比，试验组奶牛的乳产量、乳蛋白、乳糖和乳汁体细胞含量没有显著影响，但是显著降低了乳脂肪含量（P〈0．05），对照组和试验组奶牛乳脂肪含量分别为0．0326g／mL和0．0244g／mL。检测血液指标发现，共轭亚油酸钙显著升高了奶牛血液中高密度脂蛋白的含量（P〈0．05）。基因分析发现，试验组奶牛乳汁体细胞中LPL、ACA—CA的基因表达显著下调，表明共轭亚油酸钙抑制了奶牛乳腺细胞脂肪酸合成酶的基因表达。 相似文献
19.
本试验旨在比较颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式和理想模式的氨基酸混合物对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛乳产量、乳成分以及乳腺对氨基酸摄取利用的影响。选择8头泌乳中期[泌乳天数:(82±11)d]荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,试验采用随机区组设计,将试验牛随机分为2组,分别颈静脉灌注160g/d酪蛋白模式(Casein组)和理想模式的氨基酸混合物(R组)。2个试验组分别以各自灌注前作为空白对照组(C1组为Casein组的空白对照组,C2组为R组的空白对照组)。预试期14d,灌注期5d。试验采用全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂,以玉米、豆粕、棉籽粕、玉米青贮、苜蓿干草和羊草为主要原料,参照NRC(2001)奶牛饲养标准配制。结果表明:灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物后,乳蛋白产量和含量较灌注前呈上升趋势(乳蛋白产量上升7.14%,P=0.078;乳蛋白含量上升3.27%,P=0.072);并且,奶牛动脉血浆中异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)和组氨酸(His)的浓度较灌注前有不同程度的上升(Ile的浓度提高31.5%,P=0.097;Leu的浓度提高65.9%,P=0.041;Lys的浓度提高36.9%,P=0.088;His的浓度提高40.1%,P=0.010),而苏氨酸(Thr)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)和精氨酸(Arg)的浓度在数值上虽较灌注前高但无显著差异(P0.05)。灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物后,奶牛乳腺对天冬氨酸(Asp)和半胱氨酸(Cys)的摄取率显著升高(Asp的摄取率提高95.2%,P=0.031;Cys的摄取率提高49.6%,P=0.031),而奶牛乳腺对甘氨酸(Gly)的摄取率显著降低(降低158.3%,P=0.041)。灌注理想模式的氨基酸混合物后,乳蛋白含量比灌注前有上升趋势(提高5.78%,P=0.064),而乳脂产量显著低于灌注前(降低8.57%,P=0.015);并且,奶牛动脉血浆中Arg的浓度有上升趋势(提高18.0%,P=0.093),而酪氨酸(Tyr)的浓度呈下降趋势(降低47.8%,P=0.074)。灌注理想模式的氨基酸混合物后,奶牛乳腺对谷氨酸(Glu)、Cys和Ile的摄取率显著上升(Glu的摄取率提高118.7%,P=0.015;Cys的摄取率提高77.4%,P=0.032;Ile的摄取率提高46.0%,P=0.012),而奶牛乳腺对Ser的摄取率呈下降趋势(降低56.2%,P=0.052)。灌注氨基酸混合物后,Casein组乳脂产量增量显著高于R组(P=0.012),且Casein组的乳产量增量(P=0.095)和乳糖产量增量(P=0.091)较R组有升高的趋势,而2组间其他指标增量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式和理想模式的氨基酸混合物均可提高泌乳奶牛的乳蛋白含量,而灌注酪蛋白模式氨基酸混合物同时可以促进乳蛋白产量的升高,因此,颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式氨基酸混合物的效果优于灌注理想模式氨基酸混合物。 相似文献