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呼和浩特地区牛乳及其乳制品中兽药残留现状调查 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(12):35-35
旨在了解呼和浩特地区牛乳及其乳制品中兽药残留现状。采用现场调查、问卷调查等方法,调查了65家经销奶产品超市及60家奶产品特产经销店乳制品的销售情况,调查了139名呼和浩特市市民对牛乳及其乳制品的食用情况;调查了35个牛场驻场兽医及10名相关专家在临床上的兽药使用现状。采用回顾性调查方法,调查了2014—2015年内蒙古有关权威部门采用LC-MS-MS、ELISA等方法对呼和浩特地区370份牛乳进行兽药残留检测的结果。采用HPLC方法,检测了呼和浩特地区74份牛乳制品样本中的兽药残留。调查结果显示,呼和浩特市被调查的对象中96.41%的消费者食用牛乳及其乳制品,56.11%的消费者关注乳制品中兽药残留问题;呼和浩特地区牛乳总销量的94.46%来自于呼和浩特地区奶牛场,5.54%来自于其他地区;94.44%的牛场有专职兽医;20%的被调查牛场有超量使用兽药的情况,85.71%的被调查牛场有用药记录,94.29%的被调查牛场严格执行兽药休药期;100%的牛场对所产牛乳进行抗菌药物检测;目前呼和浩特地区兽医临床最常用的4种抗菌药物分别为青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林及头孢噻呋,其他有庆大霉素、甲硝唑等。实验室检测结果显示,呼和浩特地区2014—2015年生产的牛乳中兽药残留均为阴性,市售乳制品样本中亦未检出残留。呼和浩特各辖区生产、流通的牛乳及其乳制品均符合动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量要求。 相似文献
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西宁市售鲜牛乳中抗生素残留情况调查 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
张莉琴 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2000,30(1):28
采用TTC法对西宁市售 77份鲜牛乳样品进行抗生素残留检验 ,验出抗生素阳性乳 9份 ,抗生素残留率为 11 7% 相似文献
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西宁市售镁牛乳中抗生素残留情况调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张莉琴 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2000,30(1):28-28
采用ＴＴＣ法对西宁市售７７份鲜牛乳样品进行抗生素抗生素残留检验,验出抗生素阳性乳９份,抗生素残留率为１１．７％。 相似文献
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为了解巴州地区的生鲜牛乳中β﹣内酰胺酶（解抗剂）残留状况,保证生鲜牛奶卫生质量安全,2014年4月至10月,在巴州辖区内16个生鲜乳收购站、5个规模化奶牛养殖小区、8个机械化挤奶厅、12个生鲜乳运输车辆和库尔勒市城郊周边的29个散生鲜乳销售点的范围内抽取了54份生鲜乳混合样品,采用SNAP快速检测试剂盒进行检测。结果检测出β﹣内酰胺酶阳性的样品2份,样品阳性率为3.7%。这说明仍需要加强对奶牛饲料和投入品的监督管理。此外,经实际测试,SNAP检测试剂盒具有携带方便、检测快速的特点,适用于奶站、乳制品企业、畜产品安检等部门对大批量奶样的检测。 相似文献
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为了解昆明地区奶牛隐性乳房炎无乳链球菌分离株对常用抗生素的耐药性及耐药基因携带情况,采集昆明某地区隐性乳房炎患牛乳样71份检测。结果显示,分离到的15株无乳链球菌,对青霉素类、红霉素、林可胺类等抗生素存在不同程度的耐药现象,多重耐药现象也比较严重,分离菌共出现10种耐药谱,其中7耐和8耐的占有60%。对青霉素严重耐药,其耐药率达到了100%。其中,PCR扩增β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类耐药基因,结果显示,15株无乳链球菌均含有pbp1a、pbp2b、erm B基因,表明,本地区不能继续使用青霉素等药物来治疗奶牛乳房炎,应选择敏感性的药物,如头孢类抗生素等。同时应合理交叉用药,以防细菌产生耐药性。本试验为昆明地区无乳链球菌引起的隐性奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
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2023年3月,青海省西宁市某牦牛养殖场部分牦牛出现乳房炎,为确定发病原因,从该场采集确诊乳房炎奶牛乳样15份,进行细菌分离、纯化致病菌及PCR鉴定,并采用纸片扩散法检测部分致病菌对抗菌药物的敏感程度。结果发现,从13份乳样中共分离获得23株细菌,分别为无乳链球菌(n=7)、金黄色葡萄球菌(n=8)、大肠埃希氏菌(n=4)、粪肠球菌(n=3)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(n=1)。对无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌进行药敏试验,结果发现,3种病原菌对链霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋和头孢拉定高度或中度敏感。研究结果提示,无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌是该场牦牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,且头孢类抗生素和恩诺沙星等可作为首选药物用于该病的防治。 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
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2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
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The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims. 相似文献
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Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate
the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household
dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs
were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the
household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline
(78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility
of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%),
chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%). 相似文献