共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
2.
低聚果糖作为益生元的代表性物质，因为特殊的理化性质，添加于饲料中具有防水防霉等优势。低聚果糖可选择性被肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等有益菌利用促进其增殖，而对大肠杆菌等有害菌具有抑制作用。低聚果糖除能通过促进生长、降低腹泻和死亡率等来改善畜禽生产性能，还能通过调控肠道菌群、肠道发酵、维持肠黏膜形态和提高机体免疫等来促进畜禽肠道健康。本文对低聚果糖在畜禽肠道健康方面的研究进展进行综述，旨在为其在饲料中的开发利用提供应用和理论依据。
[关键词] 低聚果糖|畜禽|肠道健康 相似文献
3.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(9)
益生元是典型的可发酵的饲料添加剂,可直接或间接维持家禽胃肠道微生物群的平衡。由于长期使用抗生素会使食源性病原体产生耐药性,因此益生元在家禽的饲养中越来越受到重视。益生元可以通过维持禽类的健康生长以及提供不利于食源性病原体如沙门氏菌等定植的肠道环境来改善禽类产品的安全性。本文综述了甘露寡糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖等常用益生元对家禽胃肠道中沙门氏菌的抑制作用,且对利用新一代技术分析益生元对家禽中沙门氏菌的抑制作用进行了展望。 相似文献
4.
以羊乳为基料,研究低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、菊粉、低聚异麦芽糖四种益生元及复合益生元对发酵羊乳活菌数的影响;以发酵时间、益生元添加量及接种量为因素进行正交试验,以活菌数和滴定酸度为综合指标,利用综合评分法优化活性羊乳饮品发酵因子,确定最优发酵条件。结果表明：菊粉和低聚果糖增菌效果较佳,且二者复合比例为9:1时,增菌效果最显著（P<0.05）;最优发酵工艺条件为：发酵时间40 h,益生元添加量1.50%,接种量4%,此条件下,益生菌发酵羊乳中活菌数最高。 相似文献
5.
益生菌兼或益生元对牛肠道菌群调节作用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
益生菌/益生元具有调节胃肠(GI)菌群平衡及活动的能力,能够显著地影响家畜肠道内菌群的结构和活动,使有益菌(主要是乳酸菌)占有生态位,成为优势菌群,抑制霉菌生长和霉菌毒素的产生。饲喂益生菌后,牛肠道中的菌群呈现多样性,群落的复杂程度增高,牛肠道菌群的微生态稳定性增强。低聚麦芽糖、低聚半乳糖等益生元则能不同程度的被有益菌分解利用,作为有益菌的生长促进剂,发挥其益生作用。目前,益生菌/益生元已被广泛应用于食品、医药保健和饲料等各个领域。随着对其深入的了解和成熟的市场或产业化发展,益生菌/益生元的应用前景很好。 相似文献
6.
低聚果糖(Fructooligosaccharides,FOS)是一种重要的益生元,作为一种良好的抗生素替代物在畜禽生产中有着广泛的应用。FOS具有提高畜禽生产性能、免疫调节、改善畜禽肠道微生态平衡以及调节畜禽肠道生理功能等生物学功能。本文就FOS的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用加以综述,以期为FOS在畜禽生产的合理应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
益生元替代抗生素具有改善家禽生长性能、促进畜牧业养殖发展、保障食品安全的作用。目前，已经证明益生元可以正向调节家禽肠道微生物群。益生元可以抑制动物肠道病原体，其发酵和代谢增强，可以刺激有益菌的活性，从而影响短链脂肪酸的合成。文章综述了益生元概念、效果、机制及其在家禽生产中的应用，为益生元类饲料添加剂在家禽生产中的开发提供参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
益生元的作用机理及应用研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Ｇｉｂｓｏｎ等 1 995年将益生元概括为一种非消化性的食品添加剂 ,通过选择性促进一种或几种有益菌的生长 ,对宿主产生有益的影响 ,从而增加宿主健康。益生元一般应符合下列条件 :1 )在消化道上部不能被消化酶消化 ;2 )能刺激定植于肠道的一种或几种有益菌的生长或活化其代谢 ;3)使肠道菌群向有利于宿主健康的方向转化 ;4)能诱导有利于宿主健康的肠道局部免疫或全身免疫反应。但是现在人们对益生元的概念并不统一 ,狭义的认为低聚糖类物质为益生元 ,广义的认为低聚糖、多糖、肽类、蛋白质、维生素、类脂 (包括醚和酯 )、氨基酸等都可看作是… 相似文献
11.
《动物营养（英文）》2019,5(3):217-226
Dietary fibers (DF) contain an abundant amount of energy, although the mammalian genome does not encode most of the enzymes required to degrade them. However, a mutual dependence is developed between the host and symbiotic microbes, which has the potential to extract the energy present in these DF. Dietary fibers escape digestion in the foregut and are fermented in the hindgut, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that alter the microbial ecology in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Most of the carbohydrates are fermented in the proximal part, allowing protein fermentation in the distal part, resulting in colonic diseases. The structures of resistant starch (RS), arabinoxylan (AX), and β-glucan (βG) are complex; hence, makes their way into the hindgut where these are fermented and provide energy substrates for the colonic epithelial cells. Different microbes have different preferences of binding to different substrates. The RS, AX and βG act as a unique substrate for the microbes and modify the relative composition of the gut microbial community. The granule dimension and surface area of each substrate are different, which influences the penetration capacity of microbes. Arabinose and xylan are 2 different hemicelluloses, but arabinose is substituted on the xylan backbone and occurs in the form of AX. Fermentation of xylan produces butyrate primarily in the small intestine, whereas arabinose produces butyrate in the large intestine. Types of RS and forms of βG also exert beneficial effects by producing different metabolites and modulating the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, it is important to have information of different types of RS, AX and βG and their roles in microbial modulation to get the optimum benefits of fiber fermentation in the gut. This review provides relevant information on the similarities and differences that exist in the way RS, AX, and βG are fermented, and their positive and negative effects on SCFA production and gut microbial ecology of pigs. These insights will help nutritionists to develop dietary strategies that can modulate specific SCFA production and promote beneficial microbiota in the GIT of swine. 相似文献
12.
过去几十年来,由于饲用抗生素在畜牧养殖业中的滥用,导致畜禽正常的肠道菌群被破坏并引起肠道细菌耐药性和环境污染等一系列问题,严重损害了畜禽的肠道健康。同时,近年来集约化养殖已经成为畜牧业的发展方向,养殖规模越来越大,如何有效地提高畜禽免疫力已然成为重点的研究方向。健康的肠道是保障畜禽健康生长的基础,保持健康的肠道菌群,能有效提高动物机体的免疫力和抗病能力。甘露寡糖是一种绿色新型饲料添加剂,作为一类功能性寡糖,具有改善畜禽肠道健康和提高免疫应答等作用。在猪生产中,添加甘露寡糖能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能和免疫力。在家禽生产中,添加甘露寡糖能够改善家禽肠道菌群并提高生产性能和肉品质。作者主要介绍了甘露寡糖的结构及理化性质、改善肠道健康和免疫调控机制及其在断奶仔猪、育肥猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡生产中的应用效果。重点总结了甘露寡糖对畜禽肠道健康和免疫的调控机制及免疫途径,旨在为甘露寡糖在肠道健康和免疫调控方面的深入研究及其在畜禽养殖中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
13.
1. This study investigated the prebiotic properties of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) produced both in situ and in vitro for their activity against the onset of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.
2. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was applied, including necrotic enteritis challenge (challenged/unchallenged) and three dietary treatments from d 10 to 21. A wheat–soy commercial-type basal-grower diet was fed with 2% of the wheat proportion replaced by the same amount of either arabinoxylan (AX), AXOS produced from hydrolysing AX with 16 000 BXU (birch xylanase unit) xylanase in vitro or AX fed with 16 000 BXU xylanase (AX + E). Necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge was induced by orally infecting birds with a vaccine strain of Eimeria oocysts at d 9 of age followed by oral gavage of a freshly prepared Clostridium perfringens broth at d 14.
3. The challenge depressed growth performance, induced gross lesions and reduced ileal viscosity at d 10–21. Birds fed on the AXOS diet had numerically less severe gross lesions, improved feed conversion at d 0–16 and lower ileal viscosity at d 16 compared to birds fed on AX. Weight gain of the unchallenged birds ranked as follows in terms of the diets: AXOS > AX + E > AX. AX + E produced a lower ileal viscosity compared to the AX treatment but only led to marginal improvements in performance and intestinal lesion scores.
4. Caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration was higher in birds fed on AXOS and AX + E compared to those fed on AX and was higher in the challenged birds compared to the unchallenged birds. Gizzard pH was lower in birds fed on AX + E compared to those fed on AXOS at d 16. Challenged birds had lower ileum pH compared to the unchallenged birds at d 16 and 21.
5. Results of this study suggest that AXOS appeared to be efficacious prebiotics, as highlighted by improvements in feed conversion ratio and increased SCFA production. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the types of AXOS that are most active against NE and the mechanisms by which different levels of AXOS enhance bird performance. 相似文献
14.
Gemma Gonzalez-Ortiz Sophie A.Lee Kirsi Vienola Kari Raatikainen German Jurgens Juha Apajalahti Michael R.Bedford 《动物营养（英文）》2022,8(1):277
Three hundred thirty-six Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in a 21-d study to explore performance and gut function when treated with a proton pump inhibitor(PPI;0 or 89 mg/kg)in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with a xylanase(Xyl;0 or 0.1 g/kg)to determine if the beneficial activity of arabinoxylan(AX)depolymerisation,through arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS)production,starts in the upper gastrointestinal tract.Treatment with the PPI started from d 14,and by d 21 animal performance had deteriorated(P<0.001).An interaction was observed between PPI and Xyl for feed conversion ratio(FCR)(P<0.05),whereby the combination reduced the negative effect of PPI on FCR.Application of PPI raised digesta pH in the gizzard and caecum(P<0.05),increased protein concentrations in the lower gut(P<0.05)and reduced intake of digestible nutrients(P<0.05).Caecal concentrations of indole,p-cresol,ammonia and the ratio of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)to butyric acid were increased with PPI(P<0.05),indicating enhanced protein fermentation.Xylanase activity in the digesta were greatest in the caeca,especially when Xyl was supplemented(P<0.001).The concentration of total soluble AX was greater in the gizzard and ileal digesta with Xyl supplementation(P<0.05),supporting the depolymerisation action of xylanase even under acidic conditions.These data suggest xylanase may function in the gizzard even though pH is not optimal for activity and emphasises the importance of chlorohydric acid secretions in ensuring overall optimum gut function.AX depolymerisation benefits animal performance although it is still unknown how the AXOS produced with xylanase supplementation in the upper gastrointestinal tract influence the microbial populations and overall gut functionality. 相似文献
15.
本试验旨在探讨高精料日粮下添加阿卡波糖对奶牛瘤胃和后肠发酵的影响。试验选用3头干奶期荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,阿卡波糖添加剂量为0,0.5和1.0 g/d,试验分3期进行,每期21 d。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加阿卡波糖显著降低了奶牛瘤胃液中丙酸浓度(P<0.05),提高了乙丙比(P<0.05),但对瘤胃pH值、乳酸、乙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组比较,添加阿卡波糖显著降低了粪便pH值和氨氮浓度(P<0.05),提高了乳酸、丁酸和异戊酸浓度(P<0.05),但对乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙丙比无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果说明,高精料日粮下长期添加阿卡波糖虽可影响瘤胃液中个别挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,但对瘤胃整体发酵和瘤胃pH值无显著影响,此外,添加阿卡波糖可增加后肠发酵,并可能对后肠健康带来潜在危害。 相似文献
16.
功能性低聚糖或糖醇促进大鼠肠道内矿物质吸收的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(3):59-63
功能性低聚糖或糖醇具有益生元性质,在食品和营养研究中受到特别的关注。作为盲肠发酵剂,功能性低聚糖或糖醇摄入后不受小肠消化酶的分解,进入盲肠被微生物发酵,产生短链脂肪酸,降低肠腔内pH值,促进肠黏膜上皮细胞的增殖,提高矿物质在大肠中的吸收率。综述了近年来功能性低聚糖或糖醇在大鼠肠道内对矿物质吸收的促进作用及其相关机理,以期为功能性低聚糖或糖醇在食品和饲料生产上的应用提供参考。 相似文献
17.
18.
寡糖在动物营养研究中的进展 总被引：72，自引：1，他引：72
本文综述了近１５年来在动物营养领域对寡糖的研究结果。这些内容包括：寡糖在单胃动物消化道内的代谢变化;寡糖作为饲料添加剂对动物生产性能、抗病能力、消化道组织学和微生物生态区系的影响;寡糖作为肠道内有益寄生菌的营养基质,结合、吸收外源性病原菌,调节机体的免疫系统的机理等。 相似文献
19.
发酵法是中药炮制的传统方法,具有提高有效成分含量、增强或产生新的疗效、降低毒性、调整肠道菌群等作用。现代中药发酵技术克服了传统中药发酵技术的菌种驳杂、温度和湿度不可控等缺点,发展出了固体发酵、液体发酵和双向固体发酵的现代工艺技术。近年来国家推行饲料禁抗,微生物发酵中药作为一种微生态制剂,在提高动物生产性能、提高动物机体免疫力、预防和治疗疾病等方面,以其独特的优势成为养殖业中抗生素替代品之一,在畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业有着巨大的潜力和市场。但目前发酵中药仍存在发酵机理不明确、物质基础的改变相对未知、发酵菌种较为单一、缺少一定的质量标准等问题。作者重点介绍了发酵中药的优势并比较了各种发酵技术的优点和缺点,对发酵中药在畜禽养殖和水产养殖中的应用进行了归纳总结,分析了发酵中药的发展潜力以及目前存在的问题、改进方案及发展方向,以期对未来微生物发酵中药的深入研究及其在畜禽、水产养殖业中的应用提供思路与借鉴。 相似文献
20.
Microbial fermentation of carbohydrates in the hindgut of dairy cattle is responsible for 5 to 10% of total-tract carbohydrate digestion. When dietary, animal, or environmental factors contribute to abnormal, excessive flow of fermentable carbohydrates from the small intestine, hindgut acidosis can occur. Hindgut acidosis is characterized by increased rates of production of short-chain fatty acids including lactic acid, decreased digesta pH, and damage to gut epithelium as evidenced by the appearance of mucin casts in feces. Hindgut acidosis is more likely to occur in high-producing animals fed diets with relatively greater proportions of grains and lesser proportions of forage. In these animals, ruminal acidosis and poor selective retention of fermentable carbohydrates by the rumen will increase carbohydrate flow to the hindgut. In more severe situations, hindgut acidosis is characterized by an inflammatory response; the resulting breach of the barrier between animal and digesta may contribute to laminitis and other disorders. In a research setting, effects of increased hindgut fermentation have been evaluated using pulse-dose or continuous abomasal infusions of varying amounts of fermentable carbohydrates. Continuous small-dose abomasal infusions of 1 kg/d of pectin or fructans into lactating cows resulted in decreased diet digestibility and decreased milk fat percentage without affecting fecal pH or VFA concentrations. The decreased diet digestibility likely resulted from increased bulk in the digestive tract or from increased digesta passage rate, reducing exposure of the digesta to intestinal enzymes and epithelial absorptive surfaces. The same mechanism is proposed to explain the decreased milk fat percentage because only milk concentrations of long-chain fatty acids were decreased. Pulse-dose abomasal fructan infusions (1 g/kg of BW) into steers resulted in watery feces, decreased fecal pH, and increased fecal VFA concentrations, without causing an inflammatory response. Daily 12-h abomasal infusions of a large dose of starch (~4 kg/d) have also induced hindgut acidosis as indicated by decreased fecal pH and watery feces. On the farm, watery or foamy feces or presence of mucin casts in feces may indicate hindgut acidosis. In summary, hindgut acidosis occurs because of relatively high rates of large intestinal fermentation, likely due to digestive dysfunction in other parts of the gut. A better understanding of the relationship of this disorder to other animal health disorders is needed. 相似文献