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1.
苯并噻二唑诱发水稻对稻瘟病抗性中防卫相关酶活性的变化 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
分析了苯并噻二唑（BTH）诱导水稻对稻瘟病抗性中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、脂氧合酶（LOX）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁酶等活性的变化。结果表明BTH诱导处理亲和性水稻品种第3叶后提高了处理叶及其上位第4叶中CAD、LOX和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等的活性;经BTH处理的幼苗接种稻瘟菌后,处理叶和其上位叶中CAD、POD、LOX和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等活性快速增加,且增长幅度均显著大于对照。几丁酶活性在受稻瘟菌侵染后升高,但BTH诱导处理并不能促进其增加;PAL活性在BTH处理及稻瘟菌接种后均无明显变化。这些结果说明,BTH处理能诱导CAD、POD、LOX和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等活性的增加,而且这些酶活性的升高可能与BTH诱发系统获得抗性的表现有关。 相似文献
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3.
内生枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2防治荔枝霜疫病及其生化机理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究内生枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2(Bacillus subtilis)菌株对荔枝采后果实霜疫病的防治效果,及其对体内活性氧代谢(SOD、POD、CAT、MDA、超氧阴离子自由基的产生速率)和病程相关蛋白(β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性、几丁质酶活性)等的影响。结果表明,BS-2菌株对荔枝霜疫病具有较好的防治效果,接种处理后6d,其防治效果为37.83%;经内生细菌处理的荔枝果皮的β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性、几丁质酶活性、CAT和SOD酶活性均比病菌处理的高,而POD、PPO酶活性以及膜透性、MDA含量与超氧阴离子自由基的产生速率却比病菌处理的低。当接种后6d,经内生细菌处理的荔枝果皮的β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性、几丁质酶活性和SOD酶活性分别比病菌处理的高70.73%、30.76%和297.43%;而POD、PPO酶活性和超氧阴离子自由基的产生速率却分别比病菌处理的低15.11%、4.96%和28.95%。 相似文献
4.
马铃薯防御酶系活性与其抗晚疫病的关系 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用比较生理学方法,以6个对晚疫病抗性不同的马铃薯品种为材料,研究无病原菌浸染及病原菌浸染后抗、感病品种的马铃薯叶片中防御酶系活性的变化与其抗晚疫病的关系。结果表明:无病原菌浸染及病原菌浸染后,抗病品种比感病品种有较高的PPO、POD和-β1,3-葡聚糖酶活性。因此认为PPO、POD和-β1,3-葡聚糖酶活性与马铃薯抗晚疫病有关。另外,接种后各指标测定结果均不同程度地高于无病原菌浸染时期,表明病原菌浸染后诱导马铃薯体内与抗晚疫病有关的防御酶活性升高。本研究从防御酶活性变化方面阐明马铃薯抗病的生理基础,为马铃薯抗病生理选种提供理论依据。 相似文献
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纸片型1-MCP对杨桃果实采后病害的抑制与抗病相关酶的诱导 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究纸片型1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理对采后‘香蜜’甜杨桃果实病害指数、抗病相关酶活性和总酚含量的影响。采后杨桃果实用0(对照)和0.6μL/L的纸片型1-MCP处理12 h后,在(15±1)℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定果实病害指数、果实抗病相关酶如几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及总酚含量的变化。结果显示:与对照果实相比,纸片型1-MCP处理能有效降低杨桃果实病害指数,提高CHI、GLU、PAL、PPO和POD的活性,保持较高的总酚含量。表明纸片型1-MCP对抑制杨桃果实采后病害的发生与抗病相关酶活性的升高及酚类物质的合成有关。 相似文献
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以抗、感大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种的灰皮支黑豆和晋豆11为材料,人工接种胞囊线虫,在出苗后定期取样,测定抗、感品种接种与未接种处理根系苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及根系内丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子自由基(O.2-)含量的动态变化,以初步明确灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种的生化机制。结果表明,受大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种侵染后,抗、感品种根系内PAL、SOD、POD、PPO酶活性均有增加,并且抗病品种根系酶活性增加相对较多,且持续时间长,而MDA和O.2-含量则在感病品种晋豆11中明显升高。在抗病品种根系中,接种前后MDA和O.2-含量变化不大。表明抗病品种比感病品种具有更强的防御能力和抗膜脂过氧化能力。 相似文献
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主要存在于大麦糊粉层和盾片中的大麦 β -葡聚糖酶 (1,3- 1,4 - β -葡聚糖酶 )属于诱导酶 ,种子萌发期间受赤霉酸 (GA)诱导而激活。 1,3- 1,4 - β -葡聚糖酶和 1,3- β -葡聚糖酶基因是 β -葡聚糖酶基因家族中两类 ,这两类β -葡聚糖酶水解酶具有不同的特性和功能 ,它们与大麦的制啤和抗病密切相关 ,遗传工程将为大麦的品质改良和选育抗病品种提供新的机遇。 相似文献
8.
为探究大麦条纹病菌毒素对大麦种子萌发、幼苗生长及防御酶活性的影响,用大麦条纹病菌毒素处理20个大麦品种的种子,测定120 h后毒素对种子的萌发抑制率和胚根、胚芽生长抑制率,并测定了强抗病性种子萌发48 h、72 h、120 h和168 h时的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性及游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果发现,按照萌发抑制率进行聚类分析,将20个大麦品种分为3类,即高抗型(占5%)、中抗型(占60%)和高感型(占35%),3个类型间的被测萌发指标的差异均达显著水平(P0.05)。随时间推移,经毒素液处理的强抗性品种甘啤2号幼苗中的SOD、CAT活性总体呈先降低后上升的趋势,以胁迫72 h时的SOD、CAT活性最低;POD活性及Pro含量均呈上升趋势;MDA含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在72 h时最大;经毒素液处理的甘啤2号中SOD、POD、CAT活性、Pro和MDA含量均高于对照。综上所述,大麦条纹病菌毒素对大麦种子胚根、胚芽生长有一定的抑制作用;大麦植株通过体内防御酶活性的增强提高抗逆性;利用大麦条纹病菌毒素处理种子可以初步快速筛选出对其具有抗性的品种。本研究结果可为大麦条纹病菌抗性机制的研究和抗性品种的选育提供参考。 相似文献
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1-甲基环丙烯控制采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂与抗病相关酶诱导的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）对采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂的控制与抗病相关酶诱导的关系。采后‘油木奈’果实用0（对照）和1.2 μL/L的1-MCP处理12 h后,在（25±1）℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定腐烂率、抗病相关酶如几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）等活性的变化。研究结果表明：与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理能有效降低‘油木奈’果实腐烂率,提高几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、PPO和POD的活性。因此认为,1-MCP控制采后‘油木奈’果实的腐烂与抗病相关酶活性的升高有关,抗病性诱导是1-MCP控制采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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通过对啤酒大麦新品种蒙啤麦1号、垦啤麦7号的不同施肥水平试验,探索不同施肥水平对这两个大麦品种产量指标的影响;旨在确定内蒙古东部旱作生态区啤酒大麦的最佳施肥量,为今后内蒙古自治区东部旱作区大麦优质、高产、高效生产提供理论依据.通过试验表明:在本次肥料试验中,蒙啤麦1号的生产潜力高于垦啤麦7号;蒙啤麦1号的最高产量为405.39 kg/667 m2,垦啤麦7号的最高产量为349.8 kg/667 m2;蒙啤麦1号施肥量在10.0～20.0 kg/667 m2范围内,其产量变幅为372.28～405.3 kg/667 m2,千粒重变幅为50.8～51.6 g;垦啤麦7号施肥量在10.0-20.0 kg/667 m2范围内,其产量变幅为320.9～349.8 kg/667 m2,千粒重变幅为43.2～44.8 g. 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
14.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
15.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
18.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
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核氧还蛋白（nucleoredoxin,NRX）可通过还原目标蛋白的二硫键来调控其生物活性,在植物的生长发育和抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。蛋白质二硫键异构酶（protein disulfide isomerase,PDI）、h型硫氧还蛋白（h-type thioredoxin,TRXh）和蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基（protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit,PP2Ac）是小麦核氧还蛋白TaNRX1的互作蛋白。为了明确TaNRX1互作蛋白的抗旱性功能,本研究在拟南芥中过表达了小麦 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因,对野生型和转基因拟南芥的表型和抗旱相关生理指标进行了鉴定。结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的根长、存活率、脯氨酸含量均大于野生型,离体叶片失水率、丙二醛（MAD）含量均小于野生型。二氨基联苯胺（diaminobenzidine,DAB）对H2O2组织定位染色结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的H2O2含量均低于野生型。上述结果说明,TaNRX1的互作蛋白基因 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D增强了拟南芥对于干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。本研究可为小麦抗旱育种提供候选基因和理论基础。 相似文献
20.
采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献