水稻突变体对镉的吸收及其亚细胞分布和化学形态特点   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

HE Jun-Yu  ZHU Cheng  REN Yan-Fang  YAN Yu-Ping  CHENG Chang  JIANG De-An  SUN Zong-Xiu 《土壤圈》2008,18(3):371-377

Wild-type （Zhonghua 11） and mutant rice （Oryza sativa L.） plants were used to investigate the effect of cadmium （Cd） application on biomass production, to characterize the influx of Cd from roots to shoots, and to determine the form, content, and subcellular distribution of Cd in the roots, leaf sheaths, and leaves of the rice plants. Seedlings were cultivated in a nutrient solution and were treated with 0.5 mmol L^-1 of Cd^2＋ for 14 d. The sensitivity of rice plants to Cd toxicity was tested by studying the changes in biomass production and by observing the onset of toxicity symptoms in the plants. Both the wild-type and mutant rice plants developed symptoms of Cd stress. In addition, Cd application significantly （P ≤ 0.01） decreased dry matter production of roots, leaf sheaths, and leaves of both types, especially the mutant. The Cd content in roots of the mutant was significantly （P ≤0.05） higher than that of the wild-type rice. However, there was no significant difference in the Cd content of roots, leaf sheaths, and leaves between the wild-type and mutant rice. Most of the Cd was bound to the cell wall of the roots, leaf sheaths, and leaves, and the mutant had greater Cd content in cell organelles than the wild type. The uneven subcellular distribution could be responsible for the Cd sensitivity of the mutant rice. Furthermore, different chemical forms of Cd were found to occur in the roots, leaf sheaths, and leaves of both types of rice plants. Ethanol-, water-, and NaCl-extractable Cd had greater toxicity than the other forms of Cd and induced stunted growth and chlorosis in the plants. The high Cd content of the toxic forms of Cd in the cell organelles could seriously damage the cells and the metabolic processes in mutant rice plants.  相似文献   

硅缓解水稻根系铁毒害     

FU You-Qiang  SHEN Hong  WU Dao-Ming  CAI Kun-Zheng 《土壤圈》2012,22(6):795-802

Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Results indicated that rice cultivar Tianyou 998 (TY998) showed greater sensitivity to Fe2+ toxicity than rice cultivar Peizataifeng (PZTF). Treatment with 0.1 mmol L-1 Fe2+ inhibited TY998 root elongation and root biomass significantly. Reddish iron plaque was formed on root surface of both cultivars. TY998 had a higher amount of iron plaque than PZTF. Addition of Si to the solution of Fe treatment decreased the amount of iron plaque on root surface by 17.6% to 37.1% and iron uptake in rice roots by 37.0% to 40.3%, and subsequently restored root elongation triggered by Fe2+ toxicity by 13.5% in the TY998. Compared with Fe treatment, the addition of 1 mmol L-1 Si to the solution of Fe treatment increased xylem sap flow by 19.3% to 24.8% and root-shoot Fe transportation by 45.0% to 78.6%. Furthermore, Si addition to the solution of Fe treatment induced root cell wall to thicken. These results suggested that Si could detoxify Fe2+ toxicity and Si-mediated amelioration of Fe2+ toxicity in rice roots was associated with less iron plaque on root surface and more Fe transportation from roots to shoots.  相似文献   

万寿菊：铬植物修复的潜在价值     

Lívia C. COELHO  Ana Rosa R. BASTOS  Paulo J. PINHO  Guilherme A. SOUZA  Janice G. CARVALHO  Viviane A. T. COELHO  Luiz Carlos A. OLIVEIRA  Rimena R. DOMINGUES  Valdemar FAQUIN 《土壤圈》2017,27(3):559-568

Environmental pollution with chromium(Cr) is harmful to humans, animals and plants, while in plants it causes diminished growth,anatomical alterations and death. In the present study, the potential value of marigold(Tagetes erecta) in the phytoremediation of Cr has been investigated. The randomized experimental design involved the exposure of plants to nutrient solutions containing 0.00,0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 or 0.24 mmol L~(-1)Cr(Ⅲ). Chromium toxicity was observed at Cr(Ⅲ) concentrations ≥ 0.12 mmol L~(-1) as demonstrated by diminished growth of the aerial parts and reduced density of the root system. Increasing Cr(Ⅲ) concentrations in the nutrient solution resulted in a higher bioaccumulation of total Cr in the tissues, although translocation from roots to aerial parts was not efficient(maximum value of 25% at 0.12 mmol L~(-1)Cr(Ⅲ)). The Cr bioaccumulation was up to 11-fold greater in roots than in the aerial parts. Tagetes erecta exhibited leaf plasticity when exposed to Cr, indicating the existence of a tolerance mechanism to Cr in this species. Chromium caused a reduction in xilem vases, resulting in a plastic effect in T. erecta leaves that increased the metal tolerance in culture solution. Tagetes spp. are potential Cr hyperaccumulators; at Cr(Ⅲ) concentrations up to 0.12 mmol L~(-1), the plants accumulated levels above that proposed for hyperaccumulators and still maintained a considerable growth and even flourished. However, this study was conducted in nutrient solution, and studies on species confirmation as Cr hyperaccumulator should be conducted in soils for further clarification.  相似文献   

澳大利亚东部地区酸性硫酸盐表土的一些重金属的特征     

C. LIN  D. MCCONCHIE  R. T. BUSH  L. A. SULLIVAN  M. ROSICKY 《土壤圈》2001,11(1):31-37

Forty-five acid sulfate topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil cores at 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia, were selected to investigate the chemical behavior of Zn, Mn, Cr, Co and Pb in these soils. The amount of HCl-extractable Mn was much smaller than the mean value of the total Mn documented for other soils. This may be attributed to enhanced mobilization of Mn from the soils under the extremely acidic and seasonally flooded conditions encountered in the investigated soils. The pH-dependency of soluble Zn and Mn was strongly affected by the availability of acid reactive Zn and Mn compounds. There were fairly good relationships between soluble Zn and acid reactive Zn compounds, and between soluble Mn and acid reactive Mn compounds. Soluble Zn and soluble Mn concentrations were important controls on exchangeable Zn and Mn concentrations, respectively. In contrast to the suggestion by other authors that adsorption of Co was closely associated with Mn oxides present in soils, the exchangeable Co in the investigated acid sulfate soils was not clearly related to the abundance of Mn minerals. In addition to the fact that there are few Mn minerals present in the soils, this might also be because the availability of cation exchange sites on the crystal surfaces of Mn oxides was reduced under extremely acidic conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of Synergism and Antagonism between Metals on Toxicity in Soils     

ZHOU DE-ZHI  GU ZONG-LIAN  XIE SI-QIN  WU LIU-SONG 《土壤圈》1991,1(2):177-187

Synergism and antagonism of cadmium(Cd),copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) to biological toxicities in red soil,yellow brown soil and black soil were evaluated by MICROTOX method.The relation between forms of the tested metals in soil and the synergism or antagonism between them was also studied.Results showed that owing to the difference of soil chemical properties,toxicity of these metals in soils was different.In red soil with acid reaction and low in cation exchange capacity,antagonism occurred significantly between metals when they coexisted at high concentrations,while synergism occurred only under low concentrations.It is indicated that in red soil,toxicity of metals affected by synergism or antagonism depends on concentration of the metals present.For yellow brown soil and black soil with larger cation exchange capacity and lower exchangeable aluminium(Al),no toxicity of metals was observed even if metals were added to soil in high concentrations.Synergism and antagonism between Cd,Cu and Se were controlled by the forms of metals present.The amount of water-soluble metals was the most important factor in determining synergism and antagonism. In this paper,comparisons of synergism and antagkonism between metals in soils and in water solutions were made.There occurred the synergism of metal toxicity in water solutions when the concentration of coexisting metals was high.This is just opposite to the case in soils.  相似文献   

钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9  

SI You-Bin  ZHOU Jing  ZHOU Dong-Mei  CHEN Huai-Man 《土壤圈》2004,14(1):111-116

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO₃)₂ decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.  相似文献   

Influence of Mn and Fe Counteraction on Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oranging Physiological Disease     

LIAO ZHONG-WEN  LIN DONG-JIAO  WEN ZHI-PING 《土壤圈》1994,4(2):119-126

Mn and Fe are two important micronutrients of paddy soils derived from red earths.Rice(Oryza sativa L.)oranging physiological diease in newly reclaimed red rarths is related to Fe toxicity.There have been considerable studies on Mn and Fe counteraction,but influence of Mn and Fe counteration on rice oranging physiological disease still remains unknown.This paper is to study,using two soils from USA and China respectively,the relationship between Nn and Fe counteraction and the physiological disease.Analysis for water soluble and extractable Fe and Mn showed that Mn/Fe ratios of the red earths were lower than those of the paddy soils.Fertilizing with Mn raised Mn/Fe and reduced oranging leaves,improved growth and increased yields.Analysis with electron probe showed that Mn treatment had less Fe deposit in root epidermis and more Ca and Si in roots.The results indicated that fertilizing with Mn could correct Fe toxicity.How to apply Mn and Fe counteraction in practice is worth further studying.  相似文献   

K和Al对水稻生长和养分吸收的影响     

CHEN Ji-Xing  XUAN Jia-Xiang 《土壤圈》1998,8(4):305-310

The effects of K and Al in K-deficient and complete nutrient solutions on the growth and nutrient uptake of rice were studied in the work.The effect of Al on the growth of roots and above-ground part of rice was associated with the concentration of Al in solution .A low level(0.1 mmol L^-1) of Al promtoed but a high level(1 mmol L^-1)of Al inhibited the growth of both the root and the aerial part of rice,and the magnitude of K concentration in the nutrient solution also had an appreciable impact on this,Thus ,in the low-Al solution,the plant treated with K2(80 mg K L^-1)produced much longer roots,showing the presence of interaction between Al and K; in the high-Al solution the K-reated plant had more and longe roots and a considerably greater dry weigh of the above-ground part compared with the plant deficient in K, showing the alleviating effect of K^ on Al toxicity.The mechanism of the Al-K interaction affecting the rice aerial part growth is not yet known,but part of the reason might be that the excessive amount of Al inhibited the uptake of some nutrients such as Ca and Mg and reduced their transfer to the plant aerial organs,whereas K showed its compensating effect on this;therefore,K could relieve Al toxicity at a high level of Al and promoted rice growth at a low level of Al.  相似文献   

氮肥对草莓根系生长发育和内源激素影响的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

WANG Bo  LAI Tao  HUANG Qi-Wei  YANG Xing-Ming  SHEN Qi-Rong 《土壤圈》2009,19(1):86-95

Endogenous hormones play an important role in the growth and development of roots. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four types of N fertilizer on the root growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) and the endogenous enzymes of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) in its roots and leaves using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Application of all types of N fertilizers at 20 d after transplanting significantly depressed (P ≤ 0.05) root growth. Application of organic-inorganic fertilizer (OIF) as basal fertilizer had a significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on root growth. The application of OIF and urea at 60 d lowered the lateral root frequency in strawberry plants (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the application of two organic fertilizers (OFA and OFB) and the control (CK). With the fertilizer treatments, there were the same concentrations of IAA and ABA in both roots and leaves at the initial growth stage (20 d), lower levels of IAA and ABA at the later stage (60 d), and higher iPA levels at all seedling stages as compared to those of CK. Thus, changes in the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones in strawberry plants could be responsible for the morphological changes of roots due to fertilization.  相似文献   

水稻间歇灌溉研究: Ⅱ. 作物反应     

LU Jun  LIU Yun-Long  T. HIRASAWA 《土壤圈》2001,11(3):227-234

Effect of intermittent irrigation on the production of paddy rice was studied in a well-puddled paddy field with four treatments and 2 replicates:continuou flooding irrigation(CFI),and intermittent irrigation Ⅱ-0，Ⅱ-1 and Ⅱ-2,in which plants were re-irrigated when the soil water potential fell below 0,-10,and -20 to about -10 or -20 kPa did not significantly affect the number of grains and the percentage of ripened grains .While,a lower crop growth rate(CGR) resulted from a decrease in the net assimilation rate (NAR) during intermittent irrigation Ⅱ-1 and Ⅱ-2,and there was also a reduction in the leaf area index (LAI) durin indtermittent irrigation Ⅱ-2.Senescence of lower leaves on stems was promoted in treatments Ⅱ-1 and Ⅱ-2 at the ripening stage .Early senescence at ripening stage and water stress around midday decreased the rate of photosynthesis in leaves,causing the lower NAR,These physiological responses of the plants were responsible for the reduction in the dry matter production and grain yield in the intermmittent irrigation treatments.  相似文献   

The forms and distribution of aluminum adsorbed onto maize and soybean roots     

Yuan?Liu  Ren-kou?XuEmail author 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2015,15(3):491-502

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ALUMINUM SPECIATION OF AMENDED ACID TROPICAL SOIL AND ITS EFFECTS ON PLANT ROOT GROWTH     

R. J. A. Cristancho  M. M. Hanafi  S. R. Syed Omar  M. Y. Rafii 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(6):811-827

Exchangeable and soluble soil aluminum (Al) is limiting plant growth in many soils worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of increasing rates of dolomite and magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) on Al³⁺, pH, dissolved organic carbon, cations, anions, and Al speciation on oil palm Deli dura × AVROS pisifera root growth. Dolomite and MgCO₃ additions significantly raised linearly soil solution pH, magnesium (Mg²⁺), nitrate (NO₃ ^?) and chlorine (Cl^?) concentrations; exponentially decreased the activity of phytotoxic Al species [aluminum (Al³⁺), aluminum sulfate (Al₂SO₄), and aluminum fluoride (AlF₃)]; and reduced manganese (Mn) concentration and activity. High activity of those species exponentially reduced root dry weight. Optimum oil palm growth was achieved at: <50 μM monomeric Al, < 30 μM Mn, and <0.20 unit of the ratio Al+Mn to calcium (Ca)+Mg. High activity of Al species and Mn in acidic soil solution cause significant reduction of the root growth. Soil acidity alleviation either with dolomite or MgCO₃ mitigates the toxic effect of Al and Mn.  相似文献   

Adsorption features of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by an ordinary chernozem from nitrate,chloride, acetate,and sulfate solutions     

D. L. Pinskii  T. M. Minkina  S. S. Mandzhieva  Yu. A. Fedorov  T. V. Bauer  D. G. Nevidomskaya 《Eurasian Soil Science》2014,47(1):10-17

The effect of Cl^?,SO ₄ ^2? , CH₃COO^?, and NO ₃ ^? anions on the adsorption of copper, lead, and zinc by an ordinary chernozem has been studied. The effect of the anions on the adsorption of Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions is significant but uncertain. It has been shown that the attendant anions affect the shape of the adsorption isotherms, which are described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, or Henri equations. The constants of the adsorption from a nitrate solution calculated from the Langmuir equation (K _L) decrease in the following order: Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ >> Zn²⁺. The values of the maximum adsorption (C _max) decrease in the following order: Cu²⁺ ≥ Zn²⁺ > Pb²⁺ for acetate solutions and in the series Pb²⁺ > Zn²⁺ ≥ Cu²⁺ for nitrate solutions. The values of the Henry constants (K _H) calculated for the adsorption of the same cations from chloride solutions decrease in the same order as the values of K _L. The CH₃COO^? anion has the highest effect on the constant values. The NO ₃ ^? and Cl^? anions “switch their places” depending on the attendant cation, but their effect is always lower than that of the acetate anion. The values of C _max for copper and zinc are most affected by the CH₃COO^? anion, and the adsorption of zinc is most affected by the Cl^? and NO ₃ ^? anions. The assessment of the mobility of the adsorbed cations from the extraction with ammonium acetate (pH 4.8) has shown that the content of the desorbed metals is always lower than the content of the adsorbed cations and varies from 0.025 to 83%. According to their mobility, the adsorbed metals form the following order: Zn²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺. The effect of the attendant anions on the extractability of the adsorbed cations decreases in the following order: chlorides > sulfates > acetates > nitrates.  相似文献   

Effects of aluminium on growth and nutrition in birch seedlings under magnesium- or calcium-limiting growth conditions     

Tom Ericsson  Anders Gransson  George Gobran 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1998,161(6):653-660

Growth and nutrition of birch seedlings (Betula pendula Roth) with and without 0.5 mM Al³⁺ were studied. The seedlings were cultivated at growth-limiting Mg- or Ca-conditions by adding one of these elements at relative addition rates (R_Mg, R_Ca) of 0.15 day^?1. The concentration of Ca²⁺ in the Mg-limited treatments was 0.01.0.1 or 1 mM and Mg²⁺ was given in equal molarities in the Ca-limited treatments. The relative growth rates, R_G, of the plants and plant parts attained values close to R_Mg or R_Ca and were not affected by the concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ or Al³⁺ in the culture solution. Uptake of Ca, at Ca-limitation, increased significantly in the roots after addition of Al, and decreased in all plant parts when the Mg concentration of the culture solution was raised. Less clear effects were found on Mg uptake at Mg-limitation. The inhibitory effect of Al on Mg uptake decreased with time as a result of the growth technique. The root mass fraction was significantly larger in plants limited in Ca (24%) than in plants limited in Mg (20%). The usefulness in using the balance between Ca and Al or ratios between Ca, Mg, K and Al as diagnostic tools for assessing the nutritional status of trees is discussed.  相似文献   

Trends in Water Chemistry of Acidified Bohemian Lakes from 1984 to 1995: II. Trace Elements and Aluminum     

Veselý  Josef  Hruška  Jakub  Norton  Stephen A. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,108(3-4):425-443

The concentrations of Al, Be, Cd, Cu, F, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were monitored in five glacial lakes and one man-made lake in the southwestern part of the Czech Republic. The lakes had median pHs of 4.4 to 6.5 during 1984 to 1995. Decreases in the concentrations of Mn and Pb occurred in five acidified lakes. The concentrations of Al_T, Be, Cd, and F decreased in the four chronically acidified lakes, Zn decreased in two lakes. Concentrations of Cu and Fe remained unchanged. The decreases in Be, Mn, and Zn concentrations were proportional to the decrease in C_SA (C_SA = SO₄ ^2- + NO₃ ^-+ Cl^-); decreases in Al_T, Cd, and Pb concentrations were proportionately higher, while F was lower. The greater decrease in the Pb concentrations (61 to 79%, at a rate up to 0.15 μg L^-1yr^-1) was caused by pronounced decreases in deposition of Pb derived from mobile sources. The decrease of Al_T concentrations was dominated by a decrease in Al³⁺, whose concentration decreased by 51 to 86%. The concentrations of complexes Al(OH)²⁺, Al(OH)₂ ⁺, AlF²⁺, and AlH₃SiO₄ ²⁺ also decreased. The decrease in the concentrations of inorganic forms of Al (Al_i) compensated 65% of the decrease in C_SA. The Cd concentrations were highly variable in the years 1986 to 1988 because of variable amounts of accumulation on particles.  相似文献   

Chemical effects of pH 3 sulphuric acid on a soil profile     

Keith A. Brown 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,32(1-2):201-218

Cores of podzolic soil (monolith lysimeters) were treated for 4.8 yr with 1500 mm yr^?1 of either 0.5 mM H₂SO₄ at pH 3, equivalent to 24 g S m^?2 yr^?1 (acid treated) or distilled water (controls). The acid treatment was about 37 times greater than the average annual input of H₃O⁺ from rain at the site from which the monoliths were taken. Acid treatment acidified the litter (from pH(CaCl₂)3.4 to pH(CaCl₂)2.6) and the mineral soil to a depth of 80 cm (mean pH(CaCl₂) decrease of 0.2 unit). In the litter and upper A horizon, ion-exchange reactions provided the main neutralizing mechanism, resulting in a decrease in the reserves of extractable (in 2.5 % acetic acid) Ca, Mg, and Mn of about 70 to 80 %. Dissolution of solid phase Al from hydrous oxides provided most neutralization below this depth. Al3⁺ was the principal soluble Al species throughout the profile. In the litter and upper A horizon, some of the mobilized Al³⁺ was retained on cation exchange sites resulting in an increase in exchangeable Al. Deeper in the profile, where the exchange sites were effectively saturated with Al³⁺, no increase in exchangeable Al occurred, and Al³⁺ was, therefore, available for leaching. Some reversible adsorption of SO₄ ^2?, associated with hydrous Al oxides, occurred in the Bs and C horizons. The results are discussed in relation to possible effects of acid deposition over regions of Europe and N. America.  相似文献   

Effect of low energy-consuming biochars in combination with nitrate fertilizer on soil acidity amelioration and maize growth     

Khalid Mehmood  Jiu-yu Li  Jun Jiang  M. M. Masud  Ren-kou Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(3):790-799

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Cu(II) Biosorption and Competitive Studies in Multi-ions Aqueous Systems by Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3 and Bacillus sphaericus Cells: Equillibrium and Thermodynamic Studies     

Mahendra Aryal  Maria G. Ziagova  Maria Liakopoulou-Kyriakides 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):5119-5130

Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3 and Bacillus sphaericus cells were used for Cu(II) biosorption. The effect of contact time, biosorbent dose, equilibrium pH, temperature and the presence of other ions on the efficiency of the process were extensively studied. Optimum pH value and biomass concentration were determined at 5.0 and 1.0?g/l, whereas contact time was found to be 5 and 10?min for Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3 and Bacillus sphaericus biomass, respectively. Equilibrium data fitted very well to Freundlich model (R ²?=?0.996, n?=?2.325, K _f?=?8.141) using Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3. In the case of B. sphaericus, a Langmuir adsorption model [R ²?=?0.996, Q _max?=?51.54?mg-Cu(II)/g] showed to better describe the results. Potentiometric titration and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that amine, carboxyl and phosphate groups participate in Cu(II)-binding. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and feasible nature of Cu(II) biosorption on both biosorbents. Selectivity of Cu(II) biosorption was examined in binary and multi-ions systems with various anions and cations which are commonly found in municipal and industrial wastewater. A specificity towards Cu(II) was observed in binary mixtures with Cl^-, CO ₃ ^-2 , NO ₃ ^- , SO ₄ ^-2 , PO ₄ ^-3 , Mg⁺² and Ca⁺², and As(V) with the maximum uptake capacity remaining constant even at high competitive ion??s concentrations of 200?mg/l. Desorption studies showed that Cu(II) could be completely desorbed from Cu(II)-loaded Arthrobacter strain Sphe3 and B. sphaericus biomass using 1.0 and 0.8?M HCl, respectively, and both bacterial species could be effectively reused up to five cycles, making their application in wastewater detoxification more attractive.  相似文献   

Soil Mobilisation of Al, Fe and Mn Due to Vicinal Intensive Hog Farming Operation Located in East Mediterranean     

Charalampos Michalopoulos  Stylianos Liodakis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):5885-5892

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation activities lead to soil degradation in vicinity with the livestock breeding facilities, mainly due to ammonia emissions from the various stages of the process. In this research, the soil degradation effects of an intensive hog farming operation (IHFO) located at a Mediterranean limestone soil coastal area, have been investigated. Soil samples of the upper mineral soil were taken in various distances (10?C1,500?m) and directions from the IHFO boundaries. Thirteen experimental cycles were carried out in the duration of 1.5?years starting in March 2009 until October 2010. The soil samples were analysed on total, exchangeable and water-soluble Al, Fe and Mn. Significantly higher concentrations of the exchangeable and water-soluble Al, Fe and Mn were observed on soil samples at increasing proximity downwind from the farm (south). Southern soil average concentrations of exchangeable Al³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ ranged between 3.56 and 7.45?mmol Al³⁺ kg^?1 soil, 5.85 and 7.11?mmol Fe³⁺ kg^?1 soil and 2.36 and 5.03?mmol Mn²⁺ kg^?1 soil, respectively. Southern soil average concentrations of water-soluble Al, Fe and Mn forms ranged between 1.1 and 4.6?ppm Al, 0.5 and 0.8?ppm Fe and 0.4 and 1?ppm Mn, respectively.  相似文献   

Soil base saturation affects root growth of European beech seedlings§     

Anika K. Richter  Yasuhiro Hirano  Jörg Luster  Emmanuel Frossard  Ivano Brunner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(3):408-419

To assess the potential effects of Al toxicity on the roots of young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), seeds were sown in soil monoliths taken from the Ah and B horizons of forest soils with very low base saturation (BS) and placed in the greenhouse. The Ah horizons offered a larger supply of exchangeable cation nutrients than the B horizons. After 8 weeks of growth under optimal moisture conditions, the seedlings were further grown for 14 d under drought conditions. Root‐growth dynamics were observed in rhizoboxes containing soils from the Ah and B horizons. The concentrations of Al³⁺, base cations, and nitrate in the soil solution and element concentrations in the root tissue were compared with above‐ and belowground growth parameters and root physiological parameters. There was no strong evidence that seedling roots suffered from high soil‐solution Al³⁺ concentrations. Within the tested range of BS (1.2%–6.5%) our results indicated that root physiological parameters such as O₂ consumption decreased and callose concentration increased in soils with a BS < 3%. In contrast to the B horizons, seedlings in the Ah horizons had higher relative shoot‐growth rates, specific root lengths, and lengths and branching increments, but a lower root‐to‐shoot ratio and root‐branching frequency. In conclusion, these differences in growth patterns were most likely due to differences in nutrient availability and to the drought application and not attributable to differences in Al³⁺ concentrations in the soil solution.  相似文献