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1.
20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的作用方式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽植株喷雾-叶碟法、叶碟喷雾法分别测定20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的保护、治疗作用,采用离体叶片法、叶碟法测定其对黄瓜霜霉病的铲除作用。结果表明:在200 μg/mL浓度下,20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的保护、治疗效果分别为77.99%、70.08%;20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病菌病斑扩展、产孢及再侵染的抑制率分别为74.37%、84.56%和72.22%,与黄瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊悬浮液混合接种能显著降低孢子囊的致病性。室内试验结果表明,20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病具有良好的保护、治疗作用,且效果均优于对照药剂25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂,20%唑菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的铲除作用与25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂效果相当。 相似文献
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硅对黄瓜霜霉病抑制效果和抗性相关酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在营养液中加入不同浓度硅且接种黄瓜霜霉病菌后,通过调查其病情指数和检测黄瓜叶片内硅元素含量及过氧化物酶(guaiacol-peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lysae,PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)5种抗霜霉病相关酶活性,探讨硅抑制黄瓜霜霉病的生理生化机制。结果表明,营养液中硅浓度为100mg/L的处理,黄瓜霜霉病病情指数为21.3,防治效果达到62.8%;营养液中硅浓度与黄瓜叶片内硅元素含量呈正相关,200mg/L处理叶片内硅元素含量最高,且7天后达到2.98mg/g;加硅处理接种黄瓜霜霉病菌后,黄瓜叶片抗病相关酶活性变化明显且差异达显著水平,其中硅浓度为100～200mg/L时上述5种酶活性最高。 相似文献
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1980—1989年调查结果分析表明,不同年份灰斑病流行程度与大豆生长季节的气象条件有关。6月下旬连续3天以上满足日平均气温≥18℃,日最低温度≥12℃,且相对湿度>80%或降雨量0.1mm以上(气象日)的气象条件,病菌就能侵入大豆叶片,经8—15天后叶片就会有病斑出现,温度越高,病害显症越早。大豆成熟前叶部病害发生程度与7天前气象日累加值呈显著指数相关。籽粒发病程度与大豆开花后20天至35天之间的降雨量、雨日、平均相对湿度和日平均温度≥20℃且日平均相对湿度≥85%的天数呈显著正相关,分别运用 Log-istic 函数和 Fuzzy 函数建立了较为准确的预测叶部和籽粒发病程度经验模型。 相似文献
4.
非杀菌剂化合物防治瓜类病害的研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
两种非杀菌化合物诱导剂的盆栽试验结果表明:苯基硫尿灌根处理可减少黄瓜炭疽病斑数28.5%,病斑面积减少64.5%;草酸喷洒叶片处理,病斑数可减少30%,病斑面积减少73.7%。经复配的黄瓜诱抗剂施于早春大棚黄瓜,喷施二次对细菌性条斑病,霜霉病及炭疽病的防治效果分别为37.3%、42.0%、56.1%,对黄瓜植株有明显促进生长期和增产效果,株高叶面积增加10-25%,增产效果达12%。通过对几种非杀菌剂化合物的筛选,已筛选出对西瓜枯萎病能产生抗病性的一种化合物,经复配成KT-乳剂,试验证明用KT-乳剂处理的育苗土育苗,在西瓜第一片真叶期用沾根法接种及在人工接种的病圃中试验,防治西瓜枯萎病的效果可达66-76%。 相似文献
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大豆感染SMV系统量症前介体不能传毒。接种稀释10倍SMV病液显症率与介体传毒相似。介体和人工接种SMV于5个感病品种V_1-R_5 9个生长时期共30余批次,结果表明SMV显症率主要决定于温度。显症起始温度为9℃,最适温度约26℃.V_1-R_2时期的植株显症所需有效积温基本一致;R_3—R_5时期比前者略有增加。累积显症率与累积有效积温的相关点图呈“S”型曲线分布,通过Weibull和Gompertz等8组曲线拟合选出拟合最优模型。V_1—R_2时期显症预测Gompertz拟合最好,得预测式:PP_(11)=Exp[-103021.196×Exp(-0.1329TT_1)]R_3—R_5时期Weibull拟合最好,得预测式:PP_(12)=1-Exp{-[0.02222(TT_1-65)~(2.581)]} 相似文献
6.
两种候选甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对黄瓜霜霉病的作用方式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
20%唑胺菌酯EC、20%SYP-3998 SC是甲氧基丙烯酸酯类候选杀菌剂,为探索两药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的作用方式,采用盆栽植株喷雾-叶碟法、叶碟喷雾法、盆栽植株喷雾-叶碟法分别测定两药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的保护、治疗及持效期,并采用离体叶片法、叶碟法测定二者对黄瓜霜霉病的铲除作用.结果表明:20%唑胺菌酯EC和20%SYP-3998 SC具有良好的保护、治疗及铲除作用.两药剂的铲除作用表现在能抑制黄瓜霜霉病菌病斑扩展、孢子囊产生及孢子囊再侵染,与孢子囊混合接种能显著降低孢子囊的致病性.此外,20%唑胺茵酯EC和20%SYP-3998 SC具有7～10天的持效期;20%唑胺茵酯EC预防、治疗、铲除效果及持效性均优于20%SYP-3998 SC及对照药剂25%嘧菌酯SC. 相似文献
7.
温度、湿度是影响黄瓜霜霉病发生的主要因素。黄瓜的品种、叶片生理年龄不同1栽培和肥水管理不一,黄瓜霜霉病发生程度也不一样,防治药剂有25％瑞毒霉可湿性粉剂、75％百菌清、25％甲霜灵等 。 相似文献
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以5种黄瓜主要病原菌作为诱导抗病因子,研究其对黄瓜主要病害的作用,结果发现黄瓜经病原菌诱导后,可以产生对诱导病原菌及其它病原菌引起病害的交互保护作用,并且诱导的交互保护作用与诱导浓度、诱导间隔期、不同品种存在相关性.诱导效果不随诱导接种浓度的升高而升高.在黑星病菌对霜霉病菌的诱导作用中,以浓度为1×102个/ml的黑星病菌孢子悬浮液的诱导效果最好,诱导间隔期为48h黄瓜黑星病菌对霜霉病的交互保护作用最明显,抗性品种的交互保护作用明显好于感病品种;炭疽病菌可诱导黄瓜有效抑制褐斑病的发生,但挑战接种褐斑病菌后,却促进了炭疽病的发生.诱导接种炭疽病菌后再挑战接种褐斑病菌12d,对褐斑病的防效为92.07%. 相似文献
11.
Effect of downy mildew development on transpiration of cucumber leaves visualized by digital infrared thermography 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ABSTRACT Disease progress of downy mildew on cucumber leaves, caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis, was shown to be associated with various changes in transpiration depending on the stage of pathogenesis. Spatial and temporal changes in the transpiration rate of infected and noninfected cucumber leaves were visualized by digital infrared thermography in combination with measurements of gas exchange as well as microscopic observations of pathogen growth within plant tissue and stomatal aperture during pathogenesis. Transpiration of cucumber leaf tissue was correlated to leaf temperature in a negative linear manner (r = -0.762, P < 0.001, n = 18). Leaf areas colonized by Pseudoperonospora cubensis exhibited a presymptomatic decrease in leaf tem perature up to 0.8 degrees C lower than noninfected tissue due to abnormal stomata opening. The appearance of chlorosis was associated with a cooling effect caused by the loss of integrity of cell membranes leading to a larger amount of apoplastic water in infected tissue. Increased water loss from damaged cells and the inability of infected plant tissue to regulate stomatal opening promoted cell death and desiccation of dying tissue. Ultimately, the lack of natural cooling from necrotic tissue was associated with an increase in leaf temperature. These changes in leaf temperature during downy mildew development resulted in a considerable heterogeneity in temperature distribution of infected leaves. The maximum temperature difference within a thermogram of cucumber leaves allowed the discrimination between healthy and infected leaves before visible symptoms appeared. 相似文献
12.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The effect of leaf wetness duration and temperature on the development of downy mildew of basil, incited by Peronospora sp., was studied under controlled... 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT Gray leaf spot is a serious disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), causing severe epidemics in golf course fairways. The effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on the development of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf were evaluated in controlled environment chambers. Six-week-old Legacy II ryegrass plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidial suspension of Pyricularia grisea (approximately 8 x 10(4) conidia per ml of water) and subjected to four different temperatures (20, 24, 28, and 32 degrees C) and 12 leaf wetness durations (3 to 36 h at 3-h intervals). Three days after inoculation, gray leaf spot developed on plants at all temperatures and leaf wetness durations. Disease incidence (percent leaf blades symptomatic) and severity (index 0 to 10; 0 = leaf blades asymptomatic, 10 = >90% leaf area necrotic) were assessed 7 days after inoculation. There were significant effects ( alpha = 0.0001) of temperature and leaf wetness duration on disease incidence and severity, and there were significant interactions ( alpha = 0.0001) between them. Among the four temperatures tested, 28 degrees C was most favorable to gray leaf spot development. Disease incidence and severity increased with increased leaf wetness duration at all temperatures. A shorter leaf wetness duration was required for disease development under warmer temperatures. Analysis of variance with orthogonal polynomial contrasts and regression analyses were used to determine the functional relationships among temperature and leaf wetness duration and gray leaf spot incidence and severity. Significant effects were included in a regression model that described the relationship. The polynomial model included linear, quadratic, and cubic terms for temperature and leaf wetness duration effects. The adjusted coefficients of determination for the fitted model for disease incidence and severity were 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The predictive model may be used as part of an integrated gray leaf spot forecasting system for perennial ryegrass turf. 相似文献
14.
L. FIGUEROA B. D. L. FITT S. J. WELHAM M.W. SHAW H. A. McCARTNEY 《Plant pathology》1995,44(4):641-654
In controlled environment experiments to study early development of light leaf spot, lesions developed with leaf wetness durations of 16 to 48 h after inoculation of oilseed rape with conidial suspensions of Pyrenopeziza brassicae at 12 or 18°C, but not with leaf wetness durations of 0 to 13h. The incubation period was 21 to 22 days at 12°C and 14 to 18 days at 18°C for leaf wetness durations of 16 to 48 h. The latent period was 21 to 23 days at 12°C and 18 to 19 days at 18°C, and the total number of lesions increased with increasing leaf wetness duration at both temperatures. In field experiments, light leaf spot always developed on oilseed rape with a leaf wetness duration of 48 h after inoculation in both 1990/1991 and 1991/1992, but the percentage leaf area affected was less on plants placed in an oilseed rape crop than on those placed in a glasshouse. Plants moved to an oilseed rape crop immediately after inoculation nearly always developed light leaf spot symptoms when they were inoculated between 19 October 1990 and 1 March 1991 or between 27 September 1991 and 14 February 1992, but plants inoculated between 31 August and 16 October 1990 or on 20 September 1991, when estimated leaf wetness duration was less than 16 h for several days after they were placed in crops, did not develop symptoms. The latent period of light leaf spot on plants transferred to the oilseed rape crop was 15 to 40 days, and there was an approximately linear relationship between 1 (latent period) and mean temperature during this period. The accumulated temperature during the latent period ranged from c. 150 to 250 day-degrees. The severity of lesions on these plants increased with increasing temperature from 5 to 15°C. 相似文献
15.
Effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of sweet oranges by Asiatic citrus canker 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Dalla Pria R. C. S. Christiano E. L. Furtado L. Amorim A. Bergamin Filho 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):657-663
Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas smithii ssp. citri , formerly X. axonopodis pv. citri , is one of the most serious phytosanitary problems in Brazilian citrus crops. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection and subsequent symptom development of citrus canker in sweet orange cvs Hamlin, Natal, Pera and Valencia. The quantified variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, mean lesion density and mean lesion size at temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42°C, and leaf wetness durations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Symptoms did not develop at 42°C. A generalized beta function showed a good fit to the temperature data, severity being highest in the range 30–35°C. The relationship between citrus canker severity and leaf wetness duration was explained by a monomolecular model, with the greatest severity occurring at 24 h of leaf wetness, with 4 h of wetness being the minimum duration sufficient to cause 100% incidence at optimal temperatures of 25–35°C. Mean lesion density behaved similarly to disease severity in relation to temperature variation and leaf wetness duration. A combined monomolecular-beta generalized model fitted disease severity, mean lesion density or lesion size as a function of both temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures for the occurrence of disease were 12°C and 40°C, respectively. 相似文献
16.
沈阳地区葡萄霜霉病流行时间动态及其气象影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2012-2014年田间小区试验,对沈阳地区葡萄霜霉病自然发病情况进行了系统调查和对比分析,并对影响葡萄霜霉病流行动态的气象因素进行了相关性分析。结果表明,沈阳地区葡萄霜霉病的季节流行曲线是典型的单峰S形曲线。应用SPSS19.0软件分析,明确了Logistic模型能够反映沈阳地区葡萄霜霉病流行时间动态情况。同时,推导了病害流行阶段:指数增长期为7月上旬至7月下旬,该时期为最佳药剂防治时期;逻辑斯蒂增长期为7月下旬至8月下旬;衰退期为8月下旬至葡萄生育末期。不同生长季病害发生日期、流行阶段天数和最大病情指数虽各不相同,但与Logistic模型推导趋势基本一致。各个流行阶段病害的表观侵染速率表现为:始发期＞盛发期＞衰退期。始发期和盛发期的是决定整个生长季葡萄霜霉病流行程度的关键时期。气象因素对葡萄霜霉病的流行有明显影响,其中表观侵染速率与7 d平均相对湿度、7 d累计降雨量和7 d叶面湿润时数成显著正相关,而与7 d平均气温呈显著负相关,以上4个气象因素是影响沈阳地区葡萄霜霉病流行的主导因子。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The effect of temperature on infection of lettuce by Bremia lactucae was investigated in controlled environment studies and in the field. In controlled conditions, lettuce seedlings inoculated with B. lactucae were incubated at 15, 20, 25, or 30 degrees C during a 4-h wet period immediately after inoculation or at the same temperatures during an 8-h dry period after the 4-h postinoculation wet period at 15 degrees C. High temperatures during wet and dry periods reduced subsequent disease incidence. Historical data from field studies in 1991 and 1992, in which days with or without infection had been identified, were analyzed by comparing average air temperatures during 0600 to 1000 and 1000 to 1400 Pacific standard time (PST) between the two groups of days. Days without infection had significantly higher temperatures (mean 21.4 degrees C) than days with infection (20.3 degrees C) during 1000 to 1400 PST (P < 0.01) but not during 0600 to 1000 PST. Therefore, temperature thresholds of 20 and 22 degrees C for the 3-h wet period after sunrise and the subsequent 4-h postpenetration period, respectively, were added to a previously developed disease warning system that predicts infection when morning leaf wetness lasts >/=4 h from 0600 PST. No infection was assumed to occur if average temperature during these periods exceeded the thresholds. Based on nonlinear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the leaf wetness threshold of the previous warning system was also modified to >/=3-h leaf wetness (>/=0900 PST). Furthermore, by comparing solar radiation on days with infection and without infection, we determined that high solar radiation during 0500 to 0600 PST in conjunction with leaf wetness ending between 0900 and 1000 PST was associated with downy mildew infection. Therefore, instead of starting at 0600 PST, the calculation of the 3-h morning leaf wetness period was modified to start after sunrise, defined as the hour when measured solar radiation exceeded 8 W m(-2) (or 41 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for photon flux density). The modified warning system was compared with the previously developed system using historical weather and downy mildew data collected in coastal California. The modified system was more conservative when disease potential was high and recommended fewer fungicide applications when conditions were not conducive to downy mildew development. 相似文献
18.
一体化智能孢子捕捉系统在黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病预测上的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探索国内研制的新型一体化智能孢子捕捉系统在黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病预测预报上的应用,在田间自然发病情况下,通过对捕捉孢子的形态进行识别,优化一体化智能孢子捕捉系统主要工作参数如有/无空气切割头、空气采集口高度和空气采集时间;通过病害及孢子的动态监测分析大棚黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病病情指数与孢子捕捉量的关系。结果表明,当不加装空气切割头、空气采集口高度为70 cm、孢子捕捉时间在10:00—10:30时段有利于孢子的捕捉。黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病病情指数与连续7 d孢子捕捉总量具有强正相关性。连续多日监测到黄瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊且数量快速增加是黄瓜霜霉病发生或快速上升的一个预测指标。黄瓜白粉病发病之前没有监测到黄瓜白粉病菌分生孢子,且在病害盛发期分生孢子捕捉量仍较少。研究表明,一体化智能孢子捕捉系统适用于黄瓜霜霉病的预测,但在黄瓜白粉病的预测上尚存在一定问题。 相似文献