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Václav Jakubec 《Livestock Production Science》1977,4(4):379-392
The results of main and short papers on the productivity of crosses between domestic and prolific breeds presented in Zürich in 1976 have been summarized according to the important reproduction and production traits. Fertility, prolificacy, mortality rate, litter size born and weaned, ovulation rate, accelerated and out-of-season lambing, milk production, growth and carcass traits were analysed. More attention has been paid to the reproduction traits, because of their importance in crossbreeding with prolific breeds. For all analysed traits the amount of heterosis has been estimated from various information sources: midparent value, F1, F2, B1 (backcrosses), one of the parent breeds. The use of prolific breeds mostly leads to an improvement in the reproductive characters. The breed differences are decisive for all traits. The reproduction traits generally show higher heterosis effects than the production traits, but this statement cannot be held as a rule. For international comparisons in future the traits must be standardized. 相似文献
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Chu MX Wu ZH Feng T Cao GL Fang L Di R Huang DW Li XW Li N 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(6):329-336
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in goats. The polymorphism of exon 1 and flanking of GDF9 gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in five goat breeds with different prolificacy. Three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in goat breeds joined and two silent mutations (c.183A>C and c.336C>T) were identified in comparison genotype
AA with genotype BB. Heterozygous genotype AB and wild type BB were detected in all five goat breeds and homozygous genotype AA was only detected in Jining Grey goats. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB were 0.18, 0.42 and 0.40 in Jining Grey goats, respectively. The genotype distribution was different (P < 0.01) between high prolificacy breed (Jining Grey goat) and low prolificacy breeds (Boer, Wendeng Dairy, Liaoning Cashmere
and Beijing native goats). The Jining Grey goat does with genotype AA and AB had 0.72 (P < 0.01) and 0.56 (P < 0.01) kids more than those with genotype BB, respectively. The does with genotype AA had 0.16 (P > 0.05) kids more than those with genotype AB. These indicated that the allele A may have certain correlation with prolificacy in Jining Grey goats. 相似文献
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In this study, we report the analysis of INHA and INHβA gene polymorphisms in 786 goats of three breeds: Xinong Saanen (SN), Guanzhong (GZ) and Boer (BG). We identified three new allelic variants: P1–C80G and/126G (GenBank accession no. HQ202573) in the three goat breeds and P2–C936T (GenBank accession no. HQ202572) in SN and GZ goat breeds. At P1 locus, AA, AB and BB genotypes were found in the three goat breeds. At P2 locus, CC and CT genotypes were found in SN and GZ goat breeds. After comparing genotype distribution within the three goat breeds, BG had conspicuous differences from SN and GZ (P < 0.001) at P2 locus. The SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). At P2 locus, the SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in SN and GZ goat breeds (P < 0.05). Association of polymorphisms with litter size was done at P1 locus in the three goat breeds. The result showed that AA genotype had remarkable litter size at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that INHA gene is a strong candidate gene that affects litter size in goats. 相似文献
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Identification of Stably Expressed Reference Genes for RT‐qPCR Data Normalization in Defined Localizations of Cyclic Bovine Ovaries 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ovaries are highly complex organs displaying morphological, molecular and functional differences between their cortical zona parenchymatosa and medullary zona vasculosa, and also between the different cyclic luteal stages. Objective of the present study was to validate expression stability of twelve putative reference genes (RGs) in bovine ovaries, considering the intrinsic heterogeneity of bovine ovarian tissue with regard to different luteal stages and intra‐ovarian localizations. The focus was on identifying RGs, which are suitable to normalize RT‐qPCR results of ovaries collected from clinical healthy cattle, irrespective of localization and the hormonal stage. Expression profiles of twelve potential reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, YWHAZ, HPRT1, SDHA, UBA52, POLR2C, RPS9, ACTG2, H3F3B, RPS18 and RPL19) were analysed. Evaluation of gene expression differences was performed using genorm , normfinder , and bestkeeper software. The most stably expressed genes according to genorm , normfinder and bestkeeper approaches contained the candidates H3F3B, RPS9, YWHAZ, RPS18, POLR2C and UBA52. Of this group, the genes YWHAZ, H3F3B and RPS9 could be recommended as best‐suited RGs for normalization purposes on healthy bovine ovaries irrespective of the luteal stage or intra‐ovarian localization. 相似文献
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Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Satoru Iizuka Shinya Sairiki Masahiro Nii Nhien Thi Nguyen Quynh Anh Le Takayuki Hirano Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(6):712-718
The aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian follicular development, developmental competence of oocytes, and plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of Japanese wild boar crossbred (wild hybrid) gilts, whose litter size is inferior to that of European breeds. Ovary and plasma samples were collected from two different breeds of gilts (wild hybrid and Large White breeds). The ovaries from the wild hybrid gilts had a lower average numbers of secondary follicles and vesicular follicles in ovarian cross‐sections and of good quality oocytes collected from ovarian follicles as compared with those from Large White gilts (p < 0.05). The development rate to the blastocyst stage of good quality oocytes after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture was also lower (p < 0.05) in wild hybrid gilts than in Large White gilts. Plasma AMH levels with >0.16 ng/ml were detected in 8.3% of the examined wild hybrid gilts and 33% of the Large White gilts. These results indicate that the low reproductive performance of wild hybrid breed may result in part from low numbers of vesicular follicles and good quality oocytes, and low developmental competence of oocytes. Moreover, plasma AMH levels may support low number of vesicular follicles in ovaries of wild hybrid gilts. 相似文献
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A. Traor I. lvarez H.H. Tambour I. Fernndez A. Kabor L.J. Royo J.P. Gutirrez M. Sangar G. Oudraogo-Sanou A. Toguyeni L. Sawadogo F. Goyache 《Livestock Science》2009,123(2-3):322-328
A total of 133 reproductive individuals belonging to the 3 Burkina Faso goat breeds (Djallonké, Mossi and Sahelian) were analysed for 27 microsatellites. Additionally, 72 blood samples belonging to two reproductively isolated subpopulations of the endangered Spanish Bermeya goat were used as outgroup. The between-Burkinabé goat breeds molecular coancestry varied from 0.418 ± 0.006 (Mossi–Sahelian) to 0.450 ± 0.007 (Djallonké–Mossi) and exceeded that computed between the Bermeya subpopulations (0.372 ± 0.006). Moreover, the computed between-Burkinabé FST's varied from 0.023 ± 0.003 (Djallonké–Mossi) to 0.038 ± 0.004 (Djallonké–Sahelian). Structure and degree of admixture of the Burkinabé goat population were assessed using the program STRUCTURE and showed a significant introgression of the Sahelian goat southwards. The classification of the Burkinabé goat into different breeds did not have strong genetic support at the microsatellite level due to the rough definition of livestock breeds in Africa, historical gene flow patterns and desertization. The Mossi goat can be considered a transition breed between the two major Burkinabé goat populations (Djallonké and Sahelian). 相似文献
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Oogenesis is accompanied by cyclic morphological changes in hepatocytes of Neotropical freshwater fish Piabina argentea 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ralph G. Thomé Isabella Cristina de Oliveira Cardoso Sabrina Elisa de Oliveira Hélio Batista dos Santos 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(5):466-474
We determined for the first time the reproductive biology of Piabina argentea through macroscopic and microscopic analysis of ovaries and evaluated the morphological changes in hepatocytes. Two hundred and 46 specimens were collected, 204 females and 42 males, between March 2014 and February 2015. Biometrics data were obtained. From females, gonad and liver samples were conducted to histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Mature ovaries were used to determine absolute and relative fecundity. Total length and body weight values indicated that females were larger than males. The estimated weight–length ratio showed negative allometric growth. The absolute fecundity average was 171.83 ± 59.89 oocytes per ovary. In addition, females spawning capable and regressing stages were found throughout the sampling period and the presence of all oocyte types in regressing stage ovaries indicated asynchronous oocyte development and multiple spawning. From regenerating to spawning capable stage the oocytes accumulated yolk in cytoplasm became bigger. While in the liver hepatocytes with a larger cell area during regenerating stage and proliferative activity in the spawning capable stage were observed. Thus, our results indicate that P. argentea had an opportunistic reproductive strategy and cyclic morphological changes of hepatocytes occurred during the oogenesis. 相似文献
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Although research on dairy goat mammary gland have referred extensively to molecular mechanisms, research on lines of dairy goat mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are still rare. This paper sought to establish an immortal MEC line by stable transfection of human telomerase. MECs from a lactating (45 days post‐parturition) Xinong Saanen dairy goat were cultured purely and subsequently transfected with a plasmid carrying the sequence of human telomerase. Immortalized MECs by human telomerase (hT‐MECs) exhibited a typical cobblestone morphology and activity and expression levels of telomerase resembled that of MCF‐7 cells. hT‐MECs on passage 42 grew vigorously and ‘S’ sigmoid curves of growth were observed. Moreover, hT‐MECs maintained a normal chromosome modal number of 2n = 60, keratin 8 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were evidently expressed, and beta‐casein protein was synthesized and secreted. Beta‐casein expression was enhanced by prolactin (P < 0.05). Lipid droplets were found in hT‐MECs, and messenger RNA levels of PPARG, SREBP, FASN, ACC and SCD in hT‐MECs (passage 40) were similar to MECs (passage 7). In conclusion, the obtained hT‐MEC line retained a normal morphology, growth characteristics, cytogenetics and secretory characteristics as primary MECs. Hence, it can be a representative model cell line, for molecular and functional analysis, of dairy goat MECs for an extended period of time. 相似文献
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微卫星标记BM1329在2个山羊品种中的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据微卫星标记在相近物种中具有高度保守性这一特点,选择与绵羊高繁殖力主效基因FecB紧密连锁的一个微卫星标记BM1329,分析其在云南黑山羊和努比山羊中的多态性以及与山羊产羔数的关系。结果表明:微卫星标记BM1329在2个山羊品种中均存在AA、AB和BB型3种基因型。统计检验表明,品种与基因型显著相关,云南黑山羊以AA型为主,努比羊以AB型为主。虽然本研究表明微卫星标记BM1329不同基因型最小二乘山羊产羔均数差异不显著,但云南黑山羊与努比羊的产羔数差异极显著,即存在AB型山羊产羔数大于AA型山羊产羔数的趋势,所以微卫星标记BM1329仍可作为探讨山羊高繁殖性能的一个候选标记进行深入研究。 相似文献
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Wentao Tan Xueming Zhang Zhengzhu Wang Yue Chen Aibing Wang Meiran Chu Bo Tang Ziyi Li 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(2):102-109
Wilms’ tumour 1 gene (WT1) is essential for the development of mammalian urogenital system. However, the expression pattern of WT1 in the development of porcine urogenital organs is still unclear. Here, we examined the expression of WT1 mRNA and protein in porcine kidneys, ovaries and testes from embryonic days 35 and 60 (E35d, E60d, n = 3) to the newborn (0d, n = 4) and adult (210d, n = 3) stages, using real‐time PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that porcine kidneys, ovaries and testes all expressed high level of WT1 mRNAs, especially in adult testes (p < 0.05 or 0.01 vs. kidney and ovary, respectively). Morphologically, characteristic microstructures of the kidneys, ovaries and testes were observed and discerned at all four stages. Immunofluorescently, WT1 expression was detected in a dynamic and context‐specific pattern during the development of these organs. Taken together, porcine urogenital organs express relatively high levels of WT1 mRNA. Dynamical and context‐specific expression profile of WT1 in these organs occurs during their development, implying its close association with the development and function of porcine kidney, ovary and testis. 相似文献
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以控制部分绵、山羊品种高繁殖力的BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析福清山羊BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。结果表明:多胎品种福清山羊及南江黄羊在BMPR-IB基因的相应位置上并未发生与Booroola Merino羊相同的突变,同时也未检测到BMP15的FecXI、FecXH、FecXB基因及GDF9的FecGH基因,因此排除了这5个突变位点存在控制福清山羊高繁殖力主效基因的可能性。 相似文献
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Maryam Nosrati Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei Zeinab Amiri Ghanatsaman Ali Esmailizadeh 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):358-364
Ovulation rate and prolificacy are the most important reproductive traits that have major impact on the efficiency of lamb meat production. Here, we compared the whole genomes of the Romanov sheep, known as one of the high prolific breeds, and four other sheep breeds namely Assaf, Awassi, Cambridge and British du cher, to identify genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep. Selection signature analysis revealed 637 and 477 protein‐coding genes under positive selection from FST and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistics, respectively. Further analysis showed that several candidate genes including LEPR, PDGFRL and KLF5 genes are involved in sheep prolificacy. The identified candidate genes in the selected regions are novel and provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep and can be useful in sheep breeding programmes to develop improved breeds for high reproductive efficiency. 相似文献
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Effects of body condition score (BCS) on steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzyme activity in various mare tissues during winter anoestrus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 MPT Owen EN Ferjak CA Cavinder KJ McCarty KC Yankey CG Hart DD Burnett TTN Dinh CO Lemley 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):296-303
The objective of this study was to determine the activity of steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzymes in horses with varying BCSs. The BCSs of twenty non‐pregnant, anoestrous mares were determined prior to euthanasia, and tissue samples were collected from the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, ovary and endometrium. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), 2C (CYP2C), 3A (CYP3A) and uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities were determined using luminogenic substrates. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to test the effect of BCS on enzyme activity and differences between tissues. Activity of CYP1A in adrenals was increased (p ≤ .05) in BCS 5 versus BCSs 4 and 6. Activity of CYP1A in the liver was increased (p = .05) in BCS 4 versus BCSs 5 and 6. Activity of CYP1A was 100‐fold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the adrenal, ovary and kidney. Activity of CYP2C was 100‐fold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the adrenal, ovary and endometrium. Activity of CYP3A was only detectable in the liver. Activity of UGT in the kidney was decreased (p = .02) in BCS 4 versus BCSs 5 and 6. Activity of UGT was threefold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the kidney, whereas activity of UGT was ninefold greater (p < .0001) in the kidney than in the ovary and endometrium. In general, BCS did not alter the activity of steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzymes in horses. However, tissue differences in these enzymes indicated abundant hepatic metabolism in horses, which is similar to other livestock species. 相似文献
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Li Xiang-Long Alessio Valentini 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2004,121(5):350-355
Eighteen microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of eight Chinese indigenous goat breeds. The results indicated that there is a significant difference of genetic diversity between different loci. Chinese indigenous goat breeds have similar genetic diversity to other Asian goats, but with lower Fst. The clustering of individuals and populations showed that Chinese indigenous goat breeds might have originated from two ancestral populations. The genetic differentiation between populations is consistent with the results of archaeology, mtDNA and RAPD. 相似文献