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1.
不同施肥处理对宜昌楠苗木生长及光合生理影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以宜昌楠2 a生的苗木为试材,采用N、P、K、NP、NK、PK、NPK和CK 8种施肥配方处理,研究其在不同施肥配方处理下形态特征和叶片光合生理的变化.结果表明:(1)NPK平衡施用具有明显促进宜昌楠生长的作用.N肥能使叶色变的深绿,叶面积增大;P肥能促使地下和地上部加快生长;K肥提高光合作用的强度,增强作物抗逆、抗病能力.K能促进N肥的吸收和利用.(2)施用NPK、NP、P、NK、PK肥宜昌楠苗木的净光合速率较高;施用NPK、P、NK、N、NP、PK肥宜昌楠苗木的蒸腾速率较高;施用NPK、NK、N、P肥使宜昌楠苗木的气孔导度上升;施用K、P、NK肥对宜昌楠苗木的胞间CO2浓度影响较大. 相似文献
2.
施肥对叶用银杏生长及叶产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过对沿海盐碱地生长的5年生叶用银杏实生苗施用N、P、K、NP、NK、PK和NPK等7组肥料试验结果表明,施肥对苗高高峰期的生长有明显的促进作用,其中用N、P等部分处理全年苗高生长量较大;所有施肥处理叶产量的增加值均大于对照,但以N肥效果最好。因此,在沿海盐碱地上应施用N肥或P肥来培育银杏叶用园。 相似文献
3.
不同施肥措施对西南桦幼林生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以林地采取施用基肥与追肥相结合的方式,连续2次施用不同肥料(CK、N、P、K、NP、NK、KP、NPK)对西南桦幼林期林木生长的影响进行了试验,其试验结果表明:施用不同肥料对西南桦幼林(3年生)径、高、材积生长有显著影响。经对不同施肥处理的效果作比较,施NP肥的效果最好,其西南桦幼林材积比其他施肥处理高17.8%~138.9%;其次是施NPK处理,其幼林材积比施NP处理低15.1%,比其他施肥处理高10.4%~102.8%;再次是施NK处理,其生长量比施NP和施NPK处理低14.2%~23.1%,比其余5种施肥处理高1.7%~83.7%,施N与施NK处理的生长差异小,两者差异仅1.7%;生长最差是施KP处理,其生长量比不施肥的CK处理低7.2%,CK比施P处理低11.1%,施P处理又比施K处理低14.7%。由此得出,西南桦幼林林地以施用NP复合肥为好,两者采取1?1的比例比较恰当;用常用的NPK复合肥和N肥也能起到较好的结果。但忌K肥与P肥结合使用。 相似文献
4.
5.
绿竹笋营养成分及笋期叶养分的施肥效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究施有机肥、复合肥、无机肥对绿竹笋营养成分及笋期叶片N、P、K含量的影响。结果表明 :3种肥料处理对绿竹笋N、P、K含量、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、蛋白质水解氨基酸含量有明显的促进作用 ,竹笋N和蛋白质含量以无机肥处理最高 ,P含量、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量以复合肥处理最高 ,K含量、粗纤维、半需氨基酸总量以有机肥处理最高 ,但还原糖、总可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量不施肥处理明显高于施肥处理。 3种肥料处理对绿竹叶片N、P、K含量的影响在不同发笋时期表现出一定的差异性 ,发笋初期N、P、K含量施肥处理明显高于不施肥处理 ,以无机肥处理最高 ;盛期叶片N、P含量以有机肥处理最高 ,K含量以无机肥处理最高 ;末期N含量以有机肥处理最高 ,P含量以不施肥处理最高 ,K含量以无机肥处理最高 ,表现出不同肥料施肥效应的差异性。 相似文献
6.
本文研究施肥对5年生紫薇生长和开花特性的影响,结果表明：不同施肥处理对幼龄紫薇地径及冠幅生长影响不显著,对苗高生长有显著影响,施肥后,紫薇营养生长综合指标OD值的从大到小的次序为PK＞NPK＞NP＞CK＞NK;不同施肥处理间紫薇花序宽、花枝比、着花数有显著差异,但施肥对花序长的影响效果不显著,施肥后紫薇开花质量综合指标OD值的从大到小的次序为NP＞NPK＞CK＞NK＞PK.总体来看,施肥对紫薇开花特性的影响大干营养生长,P是影响该地幼龄紫薇营养生长及开花质量最主要因素,NP和NPK处理对幼龄紫薇生长及开花具有明显促进作用. 相似文献
7.
《河北林果研究》2020,(2)
为研究河北坝上典型羊草草地最适的氮磷钾配施量,以张北坝上典型羊草割草地为对象,采用氮磷钾三因素四水平的"3414"正交试验设计,通过建立氮、磷、钾施肥量与产量的回归模型,探索当地牧草产量的最佳氮磷钾施肥量。结果表明:氮磷钾施用量均为中等水平时,牧草产量达到最佳;3种肥料对牧草产量的影响由大到小依次为氮、磷、钾,随施肥量的增加牧草产量均呈现先增后减的趋势;氮、磷、钾肥两两互作均在中等水平时对牧草产量的影响显著;各类型拟合方程得出最高产量从高到低依次表现为N一元方程、P一元方程、K一元方程、PK二元方程、NPK三元方程、NP二元方程、NK二元方程,综合各方程最佳施肥量的决策结果,建议该地区最大牧草产量的施肥量为N 55.68 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 79.95 kg/hm~2、K_2O 40.00 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
8.
以白桦Betula platyplylla当年生播种苗为对象,采用L25(5~6)正交试验设计方法,进行了氮(N-尿素;1.965、1.310、0.764、0.655、0.382 g/株)、磷(P-过磷酸钙;0.847、0.564、0.329、0.282、0.164 g/株)、钾(K-硫酸钾;2.281、1.520、0.887、0.760、0.443 g/株)25种配比的养分添加试验。在生长季(8月上旬),在完全展开叶的不同区域(叶尖、叶中、叶基)测得叶片的气孔密度(SD)和净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s),评价白桦叶片不同区域SD和各项气体交换特征对不同养分配比的响应,并分析二者间关系。结果表明:1)白桦叶片的叶尖各项气体交换特征参数虽然明显大于叶中和叶基,但叶片不同区域SD相差不大;2)养分添加对叶片各区域的P_n和G_s均存在显著影响(P<0.05),并对叶中的SD影响显著(P=0.042);3)N、P以及N、P和K的交互作用(NP、NK、PK、NPK)对叶片各区域的P_n均有显著影响(P<0.05),尤以N处理对P_n影响较大;4)除白桦叶基的T_r受P处理影响显著外(P=0.048),其它各种处理对叶片T_r影响均不显著;5)N、P、K处理对叶片各区域G_s影响均不显著,但N、P和K的交互作用(NP、PK)对叶片各区域G_s影响显著(P<0.05);6)虽然N、P和K的交互作用(NP、NK、PK)对叶片各区域SD影响均不显著(P>0.05),但P、K、NPK处理对叶中SD影响均显著(P<0.05);7)白桦叶片各区域P_n与G_s间均呈极显著正相关关系,而SD与前述各项指标间却均呈不显著相关关系,表明白桦叶片不同区域气体交换特征存在差异可能是由于气孔密度以外的因素引起的;8)上述结果也说明进行叶片气体交换特征研究时应考虑同一叶片不同部位间的差异。 相似文献
9.
为探讨毛竹林细根生长的趋富特化现象及对养分限制的响应,采用内生长土芯法在毛竹林地设置5种养分处理(NPK、NP、PK、NK、CK),定期收集根系样品,分成活细根(0~1mm,1~2mm,2~5mm)和死细根(0~5mm)。通过对不同养分处理下细根(0~5mm)生物量差异的研究,揭示其对缺素处理的响应及季节动态变化规律,为优化毛竹林科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:4种添加养分处理(NPK、NP、PK、NK)的全年平均细根生物量在各径级均显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),表现了细根生长的“趋富特化”现象。不同养分限制条件下细根生长的趋富特化特征存在差异,养分限制作用表现为P>N>K,NPK处理显著高于NK和PK处理(P<0.05),与NP处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。毛竹林全年细根生长表现为6月和10月生长高峰的双峰型,在高峰期细根生长所表现出的趋富特化特征更为明显。 相似文献
10.
配方施肥对凤庆红花油茶幼林林分土壤的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对云南高山区凤庆红花油茶大面积产量低、质量差的现状,基于土壤养分肥力状况是影响油茶生长发育的主导因子之一,布设了NP、PK、NK、NPK和对照CK共5组施肥试验,研究分析凤庆红花油茶林下耕作层土壤理化性质对配方施肥的响应。结果表明,(1)凤庆红花油茶幼林土壤耕作层有机质含量丰富,各处理组有机质含量约为42.17-75.19g/kg,而施肥处理组NK、PK、NPK比CK有机质含量稍低,施肥组有机质含量下降幅度比对照组小;(2)随着凤庆红花油茶幼林的生长,耕作层土壤pH值均出现上升趋势,对照组上升幅度相对最大,施肥处理组pH值为4.84-4.89,组别之间差异较小;(3)施肥组的全量养分和速效养分含量均比对照组要高,随着凤庆红花油茶生长进程各处理组养分均有所下降,而施肥组养分含量变化普遍比对照组下降幅度要大,其中又以NPK施肥处理组的下降幅度最大;(4)凤庆红花油茶幼林耕作层土壤含水量、土壤容重、总孔隙度都在一个适中范围,表明土壤的保水性和通气性良好。土壤含水量和总孔隙度上升以及土壤容重的下降显示施肥组的土壤物理性状优于对照组。 相似文献
11.
安徽休宁倭竹竹叶主要营养成分的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
休宁倭竹(Shibataea hispida McClure)是安徽特有竹种.由于其竿形矮小,竹材、竹笋等利用价值较低,长期以来处于自生自灭状态.调查发现休宁倭竹叶片一直被牛、羊所喜食,经对休宁倭竹新生叶片的营养成分的测定,倭竹叶含水率、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总灰分、多糖的含量分别为56.88%、2.2%、4.54%、24.64%、5.99%、0.411%;每100 g竹叶内含维生素C 58.67 mg、Zn 4.901 mg、Cr 1.947mg、Fe 23.237 mg、Cu 2.062 mg.结果表明:与常见的饲用作物比,休宁倭竹叶的粗脂肪、维生素C、Zn、Cr、Fe、Cu的含量比较高,粗纤维含量处于中等水平,灰分和粗蛋白质含量比较低,适宜作青饲料或作为牲畜的主饲料的配料.该研究旨在为休宁倭竹合理的开发、科学的保护提供理论依据. 相似文献
12.
Phalaris arundinacea L. is fine perennial herbage of Gramineae. Eight treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, PK and controls were done for studying
its absorbing efficiency of soil nutrition. At tillering stage, the coefficient of absorbing and utilizing of N. P, and K
from soil and fertilizer were analyzed according to M.K. Kaeomobk’s formula and the contents of crude protein and fat were
also measured. The yields of fresh crop, hay and seed were measured at ripening stage. For N absorbing coefficient ofPh. arundinacea from soil (Kn%), the composition PK treatment is best (12.36%) and K treatment is worse, while for N absorbing coefficient
from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatments are higher than control but the composition NPK treatment presented the highest
(14.78%). For the absorbing coefficient of P from soil (Kn%), composition NK treatment is highest (19.30%), but K treatment
was lower than control, while for that of P from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatment were higher than control but the composition
NP treatment showed the highest (19.52%). As to K absorbing coefficient from soil (Kn^), NP treatment is the best (19.2%)
and single P treatment is worst, while for that (Ky%) of K from fertilizer the composition NPK treatment was best (28.44%).
As concerns treatments for the outputs of fresh and dry crop, the composition NP treatment was best and all the treatment
were higher than control. The composition NK treatment produced highest yield of seed and highest content of crude protein
as compared to other treatments For content of crude fat, the compositions NK and N treatments are best. The experiment indicates
that application of fertlizer at proper proportions could increase the yield ofPh. Arundinacea and raise the utilizing efficiency of nourishment element from soil and fertilizer.
Foundation item: This paper is supported by Educational Committee of Inner Mongolia autonomous Region (No. 950023)
Biography: Qi Guang (1960), male, associate professor, presently works in Neimengu Nationalities University, Inner Mongelia P.R. China
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
13.
指出江西省中药材资源培育中存在的问题，介绍道地药材和GAP要求，提出江西省中药材GAP基地发展策略。 相似文献
14.
苦竹竹笋主要营养成分和微量元素的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经对苦竹竹笋营养成分的测定,苦竹笋干物质中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总灰分、还原糖的含量分别为:28.42%、4.89%、21.83%、5.47%、0.206 3%;每100 g鲜竹笋中维生素C的含量为15.4m g;每100 g竹笋干物质中Zn 5.379 m g、Cu 2.454 m g、C r 0.374 m g、F e 18.642 m g、Pb 0.018 5 m g。研究结果表明苦竹笋中粗蛋白质与粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪,属高蛋白、高纤维、低脂型可食蔬菜资源,对促进肠胃功能具有良好的保健作用。苦竹笋中富含锌、铜、铬和铁,对由于缺乏锌、铜、铬和铁而引起身体多种功能紊乱的患者有一定的裨补作用。 相似文献
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Microsite conditions influence plant development and resource allocation of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass), a traditional pasture species with potential as an understory crop in woodlots. A field experiment was
conducted to determine how open (O), shaded woodland (W) and open-to-shaded woodland transition zone (EO, EW) microsites influenced the quantity and distribution of nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and crude protein (CP) among plant
parts of defoliated orchardgrass. Plants established in spring (SP) or late summer (LS) were clipped each time mean sward
height reached 20 cm. Microsite conditions influenced nutritive value of herbage. Nutritive value was acceptable when not
more than 45–50% light attenuation (as a function of shading by nearby trees) occurred relative to open pasture. Twice as
much TNC accumulated in stembases of LS compared to SP plants. Concentrations of TNC were least in plants growing at W, regardless
of planting time. Stembase TNC depletion occurred in SP plants, regardless of microsite, and LS plants growing at W. CP concentrations
were greater in herbage from W compared to O sites, suggesting the N needs of the plant were met with minimal fertilizer N
inputs. The ratio of C:N and thus herbage energy expressed as total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative to CP declined as
shade increased. Increased protein content is offset by lower fiber, lower nonstructural carbohydrate and the possibility
of reduced preference by grazers. Nutritive value is improved by modest amounts of shade relative to plants growing in full
sunlight, and allowing cool temperate origin grasses to vernalize is beneficial in terms of productivity, nutritive value,
and persistence.
Ths US Government’s right ot retain a non-exclusive, royaltyfree license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
18.
The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass
and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled
monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot
basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha−1, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha−1. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg−1, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha−1), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought
induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages. 相似文献
19.
Plant growth, morphology and nutritive value under shade can differ between temperate grasses. Therefore, the aim of this
study was to quantify the dry matter (DM) production, sward morphology, crude protein (CP%), organic matter digestibility
(OMD) and macro-nutrient concentrations (P, K, Mg, Ca and S) in a grazed cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) pasture under 10-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don forest. Four levels of light intensity were compared: full sunlight (100% photosynthetic photon flux density-PPFD),
open + wooden slats (∼43% PPFD), trees (∼58% PPFD) and tree + slats (∼24% PPFD). The mean total DM production was 8.2 t DM ha−1 yr−1 in the open and 3.8 t DM ha−1 yr−1 in the trees + slats treatment. The changes in cocksfoot leaf area index (LAI) were related to variations in morphological
aspects of the sward such as canopy height and tiller population. CP% increased as PPFD declined with mean values of 18.6%
in open and 22.5% in the trees + slats treatment. In contrast, the intensity of fluctuating shade had little effect on OMD
with a mean value of 79 ± 3.2%. The mean annual macro-nutrient concentrations in leaves increased as the PPFD level declined
mainly between the open and the trees + slats treatments. It therefore appears that heavily shaded dominant temperate pastures
in silvopastoral systems limit animal production per hectare through lower DM production rates and per animal through reduced
pre-grazing pasture mass of lower bulk density from the etiolated pasture. 相似文献
20.
Ranchers need alternative livestock feeds when herbaceous forages become limiting in summer. Our objectives were to determine:
(1) leaf and stem biomass components, (2) nutritive value [in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total nonstructural
carbohydrate (TNC), N, and N digestibility] of leaves for animal browse, (3) concentration of the secondary metabolites robinin
and mimosine, and (4) in vitro leaf and bark toxicity for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.), respectively, pollarded at 50 cm in Arkansas, USA. Black locust exceeded mimosa for every yield component (leaf mass
tree−1, leaves shoot−1, shoots tree−1, shoot mass tree−1, stem basal area, and biomass tree−1) except mass leaf−1. Projected yields were 1,900 and 1,600 kg leaves ha−1 for black locust and mimosa, respectively, assuming a population of 12,300 trees ha−1. Mimosa leaves had greater IVDMD, TNC, and N digestibility than black locust. Mimosa leaves exceeded the nutritional N requirements
of growing cattle (Bos taurus L.) and goats (Capra hircus L.), but protein supplementation would be needed for growing goats grazing black locust leaves. Tissue concentrations of
secondary metabolites robinin and mimosine were below detectable limits in black locust and mimosa, respectively. The extract
of black locust bark, but not leaves, was toxic to bioassayed African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L.) cells. Either black locust or mimosa could provide moderate quantities of high quality, rotationally grazed forage for
goats during summer months when herbaceous forage may in short supply. 相似文献