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钙作为果树营养必需元素之一，对苹果品质形成具有重要作用。缺钙导致苹果果实生理失调引起多种生理病害发生。如苦痘病、水心病、虎皮病等。通过施肥可以提高苹果果实钙浓度，从而减少病害发生。为了确定苹果钙的吸收利用与施肥时期的关系．以盛果期的‘富士’苹果为试材，比较了相同钙素含量分期施肥的效果。结果表明。春季一次性施肥能够大幅度提高当季土壤总钙和交换性钙、根系及幼果的钙浓度。但后期下降显著； 相似文献
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【目的】针对葡萄果实因缺钙造成的软果现象,研究钙肥袋控缓释施肥方法对葡萄钙吸收的影响。【方法】以6 a(年)生连续2 a发生软果现象的自根砧‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,设钙肥一次撒施、钙肥二次撒施、钙肥袋控缓释、不施钙肥4个处理,施肥后定期采集土壤样品,测量土壤中总钙和交换性钙含量。分别在幼果期、果实膨大期、果实转色期、果实成熟期对葡萄植株进行破坏性取样,将植株进行解析,测量不同器官钙浓度和含量。【结果】软果葡萄土壤中施用钙肥后提高了土壤中总钙和交换性钙浓度,钙肥撒施处理随时间推移土壤总钙和交换性钙浓度降低。钙肥袋控缓释处理土壤总钙和交换性钙浓度变化小,保持土壤总钙和交换性钙浓度在一个稳定范围内。钙肥袋控缓释处理果穗器官生物量显著高于不施钙肥处理,多年生器官生物量不同施肥处理影响差异不显著。葡萄各器官中根系钙浓度最高,其次为叶片,果实最低。果实钙浓度随生长发育逐渐降低,其他器官随生长发育钙浓度变化小。叶片内钙浓度膨大期、转色期和成熟期钙肥袋控缓释处理显著高于其他处理,幼果期各施肥处理间差异不显著。果穗内钙浓度钙肥袋控缓释处理显著高于其他处理。根系是葡萄最主要的含钙器官,其次是叶片。根系钙含量采样期内变化小,叶片内钙含量随生长发育进行逐渐提高,幼果期到膨大期提高最多,增加量是果实成熟期总量50%以上。果穗内钙含量随生长发育进程逐渐提高,幼果期到膨大期提高最多,增加量是果实成熟期总量50%以上。叶片和果穗内钙含量钙肥袋控缓释处理显著高于其他处理。钙肥袋控缓释处理果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量分别为506.84 mg·cm-2和20.2%,显著高于不施钙肥处理。【结论】钙肥袋控缓释起到良好的钙缓释效果,葡萄生长季土壤中钙供应稳定、持久。钙肥袋控缓释有利于葡萄结果,提高了葡萄各器官钙浓度和钙含量,提高了果实后期钙吸收量,提高了葡萄果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量。 相似文献
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富士苹果施钙肥效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。 相似文献
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《北方园艺》2019,(23)
以'清香'核桃(Juglans regia)为试材,以节肥节水为目标,通过不同时期施肥,探索施肥时期及次数对'清香'核桃产量和品质的影响,旨在筛选适合山地土壤贫瘠核桃园的施肥时期和次数。结果表明:施肥处理的核桃产量及仁质量、出仁率和营养物质含量显著高于不施肥对照;萌芽期、幼果发育期和果实膨大期3次施肥处理产量、单果质量、种仁质量等高于其它各处理,但萌芽期或幼果发育期、果实膨大期2次施肥,其单果质量、种仁质量及出仁率等指标与3次施肥处理差异不显著;单次施肥处理以萌芽期或果实膨大期为宜,产量及单果质量等显著高于不施肥对照。施肥显著提高山地土壤贫瘠果园核桃产量及果实品质;萌芽期、幼果发育期和果实膨大期3次施肥,或者萌芽期或幼果发育期、果实膨大期2次施肥,增产增质效果显著;单次施肥以萌芽期或果实膨大期最佳。 相似文献
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《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》2008,(11):52-52
据《果树学报》2008年第5期报道 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院的研究人员，为了确定苹果钙的吸收利用与施肥时期的关系，以12年生八棱海棠砧富士苹果为试材，以相同施肥量不同施肥时期为前提，比较了相同钙素含量分期施肥的效果，分析了富士苹果根系的钙素吸收和果实钙素的积累，以期为果园钙肥施用提供参考。 相似文献
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‘嘎啦’苹果对一次和分次施入15N–尿素的吸收、分配和利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以8年生‘嘎啦’苹果/平邑甜茶为试材,研究了相同施氮量下其对一次和分次施15N–尿素的吸收、分配与利用情况。结果表明：一次性和分次施肥处理,果实成熟期植株各器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率（Ndff）差异显著,分次施肥处理各器官Ndff显著高于一次施肥处理。分次施肥处理,新梢旺长期和果实膨大期果实和根系的Ndff均低于一次施肥处理,但在果实成熟期均高于一次施肥处理。果实成熟期测定,生殖器官分配率最高,营养器官和贮藏器官均较低,处理间差异不显著。分次施肥处理15N利用率为32.2%,显著高于一次施肥处理（23.34%）。 相似文献
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钙素营养与套袋苹果苦痘病的关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了探讨苹果套袋后苦痘病加重的原因,以富士苹果为试材,对果实发育过程中钙、氮含量的变化规律,果实幼果期和成熟期钙总量,套袋后果实微环境湿度变化及不同有机质果园苦痘病发生率进行了测定。结果表明,未套袋苹果果实在幼果期吸收钙量占成熟果实总钙量30%左右,后期占70%左右,套袋影响了果实对钙的吸收;套袋使袋内湿度增加,果实表面蒸腾作用降低,使果实对钙的吸收受到影响;同时套袋果氮含量一直高于未套袋果,N/Ca增大,促成了苦痘病的发生。增加果园有机质含量,可以改善根际钙离子供应,降低苦痘病的发生。 相似文献
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叶面喷施硼酸对苹果果实硼和钙含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以‘富士’苹果为试材，通过幼果期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期叶面喷施硼酸，研究硼对果实硼和钙含量的影响。结果表明：从叶面喷硼对果实吸收硼的短期效果来看，果实发育的不同时期叶面喷施硼酸均促进果实对硼、钙的吸收，并且处理的效果顺序是：幼果期>果实膨大期>果实成熟期；在果实采收时硼含量为：果实膨大期>果实成熟期>幼果期。不同时期叶面喷施硼酸均提高了果肉细胞中水溶态硼、半束缚态硼和束缚态硼的绝对含量，从3种形态硼所占的比例来看，随着果实不断发育，水溶态硼和半束缚态硼比例升高，而束缚态硼比例下降。 相似文献
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研究表明，春、夏、秋3次施用钙肥，能保持整个生长季节土壤和根系钙素供应水平稳定，成熟果实钙的浓度和积累明显高于春季一次性施肥和春夏2次施肥．特别是秋季施用钙肥有延续作用，可以提高来年果实钙含量。建议生产上改只在春季一次性施钙肥的习惯为春、夏、秋3次施用钙肥．方法可根据土壤有效钙的情况或配合其他施肥。如秋季配合施基肥加钙肥。春季根外喷氨基酸钙，夏季土壤追钙或根外补钙。 相似文献
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D. G. Hill-Cottingham R. R. Williams 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):319-338
Fertilizer nitrogen was applied to pot-grown trees during the year of initial scion growth either as “spring N”, “summer N” or “autumn N”, while other trees were left untreated—“minus N”. Tree performance was followed until fruit set the following summer.At regular intervals whole trees were sampled, divided into as many as seven different parts, which were separately weighed, dried and analysed for total nitrogen. Specimens were also taken for histological examination of flower bud development.The large amount of fertilizer given as “spring N” resulted in extensive root damage from which the trees did not recover fully; nevertheless they produced large, vigorous scions. After “spring N” and “summer N” at lower dosages the total N content of all parts increased substantially and rapidly. “Autumn N” was absorbed more slowly and remained largely in the roots during the winter, when a considerable amount of root growth took place.Flowers were initiated in late July or early August on all trees except those given “spring N”, on which flower primordia were not initiated until September. The development of flower buds was accelerated during September on “summer N” trees compared with those left untreated. From the end of November until the end of March no further differentiation took place on “minus N” or “spring N” trees, but it continued on the other treatments, especially following “autumn N”.“Summer N” and “autumn N” trees were 4–5 days in advance of the others in flowering. “Summer N” trees had large flowers and large green primary leaves, whereas those on “autumn N” trees were smaller and the leaves were initially pale, though turning dark green during blossoming.When the blossoms were self-pollinated under controlled conditions virtually no fruit was set on “minus N” and “spring N” trees, but “summer N” gave an appreciable set and “autumn N” a heavy set. Only the “summer N” and ”autumn N” flowers had ovules that remained viable six days after anthesis, which was the minimum period found necessary for the pollen tubes to effect fertilization.It is suggested that fertilizer nitrogen stimulates the synthesis of a kinin-like factor in the roots and that the difference in response to applications at different times of year depends upon the stage of development of the flower buds when this factor reaches them. 相似文献
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基于开路式土壤碳通量测量系统和静态箱法对酿酒葡萄园和鲜食葡萄园的碳通量进行全年观测,观测结果表明:开路式土壤碳通量测量系统和静态箱法均能观测到施肥、翻耕或降水后引起CO2的剧烈排放,施肥后高水平排放通常持续7 d左右,峰值一般在第3到5天时出现;在对葡萄园的土壤CO2通量观测中,2种方法测得结果一致性较好,开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测得结果普遍高于静态箱法结果,不同季节存在8.30%到387.41%的差异,差值大小随通量降低而增高;在全年观测中,春季累计排放通量最大,随季节更替逐渐降低。葡萄园CO2排放主要集中于春、夏2季,其土壤CO2排放量占全年总排放量额75%以上。开路式土壤碳通量测量系统观测结果与静态箱法观测结果趋势一致性较好,2种方法在对葡萄园土壤CO2通量观测中均取得良好的效果。因此,开路式土壤碳通量测量系统的观测结果具有可信性,而开路式土壤碳通量测量系统具有操作简便,自动化程度高,可直接获得观测数据的优点,较静态箱法有一定改进和提高。 相似文献
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以1年生盆栽枳砧纽荷尔脐橙为试材,研究不同施氮水平对叶片氮含量,春梢、夏梢和秋梢落叶率,以及春梢、夏梢和秋梢叶绿素含量季节变化的影响。结果显示,施氮植株当年萌发的春梢和夏梢的落叶率在次年5月有减少的趋势,秋梢落叶率则有增加的趋势,其余时期施氮量与落叶率关系不明显;叶片氮含量与施氮量极显著正相关(r=0.97);施氮在大多数时期可显著或极显著提高不同枝梢叶片的叶绿素含量,在整个测定时期内保持较为稳定,在单株施氮量6.5g范围内这种效应随施氮量增加而显著增强,对照(不施氮)植株不同枝梢叶片的叶绿素含量从当年10月开始明显下降且次年4月锐降。由此可见,充足的氮肥不仅可提高纽荷尔脐橙叶片叶绿素含量且可减少其季节性变化幅度。 相似文献
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为了减少蔬菜缺钙引起的生理性病害,对常见蔬菜的缺钙症状进行描述,分析影响蔬菜缺钙的因素,如土壤恶化、根系受伤、温度不适、施肥不合理等,提出通过改良土壤、养护根系、调节温度、合理浇水施肥、叶面补肥等进行防治的措施。 相似文献
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Isotopically-labelled nitrogen uptake and partitioning in sweet cherry as influenced by timing of fertilizer application 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Liliana San-Martino Gabriel O. Sozzi Silvina San-Martino Raúl S. Lavado 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit of increasing economic importance though it is less significant than other stone fruit species such as peach. Cherry has received little attention concerning nitrogen (N) uptake and dynamics in mature trees. The aim of this work was to determine N uptake and partitioning as influenced by the timing of fertilizer application in 7-year-old sweet cherry trees cultivated in a cold region (Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz, Argentina; 71°38′ W, 46°32′ S). Nitrogen (95 kg ha−1) was applied as ammonium nitrate to a soil with ‘Bing’ sweet cherry trees grafted onto Prunusmahaleb rootstocks. Fertilization was split into two equal applications per treatment, involving either the commercial fertilizer ammonium nitrate or the same fertilizer labelled with 15N isotope (10% atom.). Treatments consisted of one early spring (full bloom, October 2005) or one summer (late January 2006, 15 days after harvest) application of 15N ammonium nitrate to three replicate trees. Fruit were harvested in early January and leaves were collected at both full canopy and leaf fall. All trees were excavated in winter (August, 2006). Trees were partitioned into their components: trunk, branches (current-season shoots, 1-year-old and over-1-year-old branches), buds of the same age, small roots (less than 1 mm thick), large roots, leaves (sampled in February and April), and fruit (collected at harvest). Those components were dried and analysed for total N and 15N content. Total N per tree and N content derived from the fertilizer did not differ between treatments. Summer postharvest 15N application partitioned not only to structural components (trunk and roots) but also to buds and leaves. Uptake efficiency was significantly (p = 0.0113) higher in the spring than in the summer application (65.7% vs. 37.44%). Nevertheless, 52.5% of N applied in spring was lost due to harvest and summer pruning. This emphasizes the importance of the postharvest N fertilization which increases N accumulation in both reserve organs and buds though, according to our data, it is less efficiently used. The extent of nitrogen uptake, efficiency of use and partitioning in the following growing seasons are still open questions that deserve further research. 相似文献
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Viburnum plicatum Thunb. f. tomentosum Rehd. and Viburnum dentatum L. were fertilized with N, P, and K at a high or low rate during late spring and late summer. V. plicatum f. tomentosum absorbed more K than N and P. Potassium applications to soil increased foliar K significantly, but increases were much greater following spring applications than following late summer applications. There was no luxury consumption of K by V. dentatum. N and K applications decreased cold hardiness of V. plicatum f. tomentosum in late October. Nutrient applications had no effect on cold hardiness of V. dentatum regardless of date of application. 相似文献