共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
凯氏蒸馏法是土壤氮含量测定的经典方法,但费时费力,随着技术的发展,连续流动分析仪自动分析技术开始应用于氮测定。选择50个农田土壤和2个国家土壤标准物质(河南黄潮土GBW07413a和江西红壤GBW07416a),利用硫酸+催化剂(K_2SO_4∶CuSO_4∶Se=100∶10∶1)进行消煮,将土壤全氮转化为铵态氮,消煮液中铵态氮分别用连续流动分析仪和自动凯氏定氮仪测定。结果表明,两种方法测定土壤全氮含量相比无明显差异,测定结果之间呈显著线性相关关系,回归直线方程为:Y(连续流动分析仪-N)=0.995 1X(自动凯氏定氮仪-N)+0.003 5,相关系数r=0.980(n=50,P0.01)。对3个土壤样品和2个国家土壤标准物质采用连续流动分析仪分别重复测定7次,相对标准偏差均小于5%。国家土壤标准物质全氮测定值与标准确认值一致。连续流动分析仪测试速度快,试剂消耗量少,精密度和准确度满足要求,可用于大批量土壤全氮含量的分析测定。 相似文献
2.
连续流动分析仪与自动凯氏定氮仪测定小麦秸秆全氮含量之比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
凯氏定氮法是测定植株全氮含量的经典方法,但费时费力。选择24个小麦秸秆样品,用浓H2SO4-H2O2消煮,分别利用连续流动分析仪与全自动凯氏定氮仪测定消煮液中氮含量,比较了两种方法测定结果,探讨利用连续流动分析仪测定植株样品全氮含量的可行性。结果表明:两种仪器测定的小麦秸秆中全氮含量无明显差异,彼此间呈显著线性相关,回归直线方程为Y(连续流动分析仪-N)=0.892X(凯氏蒸馏滴定-N)+0.753,相关系数r=0.942 1(n=24,P0.01)。连续流动分析仪测定的回收率在96.6%~102.3%之间,对5个样品消煮液中氮浓度分别重复测定5次,相对标准偏差在5%以下。连续流动分析仪分析速度快,消耗试剂少,可用于大批量H2SO4-H2O2消煮的植株样品中全氮含量分析。研究结果为采用连续流动分析仪测定植株全氮含量提供了技术依据。 相似文献
3.
催化氧化法与直接燃烧法测定土壤总碳之比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤碳库由有机碳库和无机碳库两大部分组成。选择黑土和潮土两种不同类型土壤,分别通过直接燃烧和催化氧化方法测定土壤总碳含量,以揭示两种方法测定结果的可比性及其差导显著性,每个样品每种方法重复测定5次。结果表明：催化氧化法和直接燃烧法测定的黑土总碳含量平均值分别为(15.10±0.03) g/kg和(15.38±0.32) g/kg,t检验两种方法的测定结果无明显差异。催化氧化法测定的潮土总碳含量为(15.07 ±0.06) g/kg,直接燃烧法测定潮土总碳含量为(15.76 ±0.18) g/kg,t检验结果差异明显。两种仪器土壤总碳测定结果精密度均较高,相对偏差均小于5%。为采用仪器方法测定土壤总碳含量及土壤碳库量变化提供参考。 相似文献
4.
土壤全氮是土壤学、植物营养学、生态学、环境科学等领域研究的重要指标,简单、快速、准确地测定其含量,对于了解土壤供氮能力和肥力具有重要意义。在黄土高原选取9个地点3种典型土地利用方式下的64个土壤样品,比较了流动分析仪和凯氏定氮仪法对土壤全氮含量的测定结果,以确定流动分析仪快速测定土壤全氮的可行性。结果表明：两种方法测定土壤全氮含量结果无显著差异,测定结果之间极显著正相关(p<0.0001);而且流动分析仪对全氮含量的测定不受土地利用方式和土壤质地的影响。因此,连续流动分析仪可用于不同管理措施下和不同类型土壤全氮含量的快速测定。 相似文献
5.
土壤易分解与耐分解碳、氮组分是表征土壤有机碳、氮转化特征的一项重要指标,但如何高效获得该组分的大量样品是当前的一个难题。本文改进传统少量筛分法,设计一次性大量筛分设备,对我国两种典型旱地土壤黑土与潮土的不施肥(CK)、化肥(NPK)、化肥配施秸秆(NPKS)和化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)4个处理土壤分别进行一次性大量(100、200和300 g)筛分,并比较与传统(50 g)筛分法的差异,了解该设备大量筛分样品的工作效率与可行性。结果表明:黑土或潮土大量(300 g)筛分时,与筛分量200和100 g的质量、全碳和全氮回收率无显著差异,均在97%以上;3个筛分量下同一处理的黑土或潮土的易分解碳、氮或耐分解碳、氮含量基本无显著差异。与传统筛分法相比,黑土或潮土筛分量为300 g的质量回收率比50 g的质量回收率提高1%~3%,全碳和全氮回收率提高1%~8%;易分解碳、氮或耐分解碳、氮含量基本无显著差异,以黑土CK处理为例,筛分量为300 g与50 g的土壤易分解组分氮含量分别为0.12和0.14 g/kg,两者无显著差异;与传统筛分法相比,筛分量由50 g提高到300 g,单位时间获得土壤易、耐分解碳、氮组分样品的效率提高了5倍。因此,改进设备后的筛分法可以一次性筛分300 g旱地土样,且土壤质量、全碳和全氮回收率提高1%~8%,是一种获取旱地土壤易、耐分解碳、氮组分较为简单高效的方法。 相似文献
6.
氮作为有机肥料养分的重要来源,其含量是评价有机肥料质量的一项重要指标。为了给有机肥料总氮含量的测定提供快速且精确的测定方法。选择了6个有机肥料样品,用H2SO4-H2O2消煮,分别用连续流动注射分析仪和半自动凯氏定氮仪测定消煮液中的全氮含量,以探讨不同方法快速而精确地测定有机肥料总氮含量的可行性。结果表明,利用连续流动注射分析仪和半自动凯氏定氮仪测定方法的结果间没有显著性差异,相对标准偏差均在5%以下,且连续流动注射分析仪加标回收率为97.5%～102.0%。同时由于连续流动注射分析仪测定有机肥料总氮具有快速准确、试剂用量少的优点,适合大批量有机肥料总氮的测定分析。 相似文献
7.
基于地区和土类的吉林省农田耕层土壤氮素时空变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确吉林省农田耕层土壤氮素营养的时空变化特征,基于2005—2013年间测土配方施肥项目测定的土壤全氮和碱解氮数据,分析吉林省不同地区、土类农田耕层土壤氮素养分的空间变异特征,并与第2次土壤普查数据对比,探讨土壤氮素养分的时间变化趋势。结果表明,目前吉林省农田耕层土壤全氮含量为0.4~3.9g/kg,平均为(1.62±0.60)g/kg,碱解氮含量为15~360 mg/kg,平均为(145.0±59.5)mg/kg。不同土类之间全氮和碱解氮含量的高低顺序一致,均以暗棕壤最高,平均分别为(2.02±0.57)g/kg和(190.2±72.80)mg/kg,其后依次为白浆土、水稻土、黑土、草甸土、黑钙土和风沙土;空间变异方面,吉林省农田耕层土壤氮素营养水平呈自东向西逐渐下降的分布特征,全氮和碱解氮含量在县域尺度上存在显著正相关关系;时间变化方面,吉林省农田耕层土壤全氮和碱解氮含量相比第2次土壤普查均呈明显上升趋势,中部地区变化最显著,西部地区变化相对较小。不同土类之间,黑土、黑钙土、草甸土和风沙土呈上升趋势,而暗棕壤、白浆土和水稻土出现下降,其中以风沙土的增加和暗棕壤的下降最明显。综上所述,吉林省农田耕层土壤氮素营养状况在空间上存在显著差异,时间上也发生了巨大变化。建议中部粮食主产区应严格控制作物施氮量以提高氮肥效率,降低环境风险,东、西部地区应因地制宜优化氮肥管理以提升地力,实现增产增效。 相似文献
8.
秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
通过田间试验,分别采集小麦成熟期、玉米成熟期和小麦播种期耕层土样,研究不同的秸秆还田方式(秸秆还田、焚烧还田和火粪还田)与保护性耕作(减耕和免耕)对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响,以期得到培肥砂姜黑土的最佳方式。结果表明:作物秸秆还田可以增加砂姜黑土有机质和全氮的含量,但是对速效氮含量影响不大。在不同的秸秆还田和保护性耕作处理中,秸秆火粪还田和免耕条件下的秸秆还田对砂姜黑土有机质和全氮含量的增加效果最为明显。与对照相比,秸秆火粪还田后土壤有机质和全氮含量分别平均提高4.45 g/kg和0.131 g/kg;免耕条件下的秸秆还田其土壤有机质和全氮含量分别平均提高3.36 g/kg和0.095 g/kg;减耕条件下的秸秆还田和秸秆粉碎还田对增加砂姜黑土有机质和全氮含量的效果不显著;秸秆焚烧不能增加砂姜黑土有机质和全氮的含量。秸秆还田和保护性耕作不会大幅度提高砂姜黑土C/N进而影响土壤氮素养分的供应,同时秸秆还田能有效提高土壤微生物量碳氮,但微生物量的碳氮比却保持在适宜的范围内。 相似文献
9.
洞庭湖区不同土地利用方式耕作土壤氮素含量与循环 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对洞庭湖典型地区的密集采样分析和农户调查,研究了4种利用方式耕作土壤全N、微生物生物量氮(MB-N)含量、两者关系和N素循环特征。结果表明:耕作土壤全N、MB-N含量平均值为3.00±0.48g/kg和101.4±49.2mg/kg。双季稻、一季稻、水田旱作和旱地全N平均含量依次为3.12±0.40g/kg、3.03±0.39g/kg、2.79±0.43g/kg2、.10±0.46g/kg。4种利用方式的MB-N含量分别为124.0±56.6mg/kg、96.4±39.2mg/kg、108.0±48.6mg/kg、75.2±30.5mg/kg。除水田旱作外,MB-N与全N之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。土壤N素盈余量依次为双季稻(105.0kg/hm2.a)>一季稻(75.1kg/hm2.a)>水田旱作油菜(64.5kg/hm2.a)>旱地苎麻(51.9kg/hm2.a)。 相似文献
10.
用连续流动分析仪测定土壤微生物态氮的方法研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
本文在用连续流动分析仪 TRAACS2000测定土壤中常见十几种有机态氮化合物的基础上,对连续流动分析仪法和凯氏法测定土壤浸提液全氮和土壤微生物态氮的方法进行了比较研究。结果表明,连续流动分析仪所测标准有机态氮化合物的回收率平均为94%;连续流动分析仪测得浸提液中全氮量与凯氏定氮法所测浸提液中全氮量之间呈显著线性正相关;连续流动分析仪法测得的土壤微生物态氮与凯氏法测得的土壤微生物态氮的之间亦呈显著线性正相关,表明两种方法测得的氮来自土壤氮的同一组分,其转换系数分别为 Kn=0.48(CaCl2浸提) 或Kn=0.53(K2SO4浸提)。 相似文献
11.
杜马斯燃烧法与凯氏法测定畜禽粪便中氮含量的比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了比较杜马斯燃烧法与凯氏法测定畜禽粪便氮含量结果的异同,以取自中国不同地区的5种畜禽粪便和磺胺嘧啶标准物为试验材料,分别采用凯氏法和杜马斯燃烧法测定各种畜禽粪便的氮含量,并对上述2种氮含量测定结果进行比较分析。结果表明:5类畜禽粪便凯氏氮的质量分数范围为0.51%～3.19%,杜马斯燃烧氮的质量分数范围为0.51%～3.35%,2种方法测定值之间不存在显著性差异,变异系数CV均小于5%.畜禽粪便样品凯氏法与杜马斯燃烧法的测定结果呈显著性相关(R2=0.987,p<0.05),拟合直线的斜率与1以及截距与0之间均不存在显著性差异。因此,杜马斯燃烧法可以代替凯氏法测定蛋鸡、肉鸡、猪、奶牛和肉牛粪便中的氮含量。 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):311-317
Abstract An Investigation of the possible reduction of nitrate to ammonia during Kjeldahl digestion of soil drainage water samples by the perchlorate (+ V2O5 + Kl) method is reported. Non‐quantitative conversion was observed with samples containing 100 ppm or more of sucrose, an easily acid‐decomposible organic compound, and with 1000 ppm propanol, a less readily decomposible compound. No conversion was observed with samples containing either 10 ppm of sucrose or 1000 ppm of phenol. 相似文献
13.
凯氏定氮法(Kjeldahl)与杜马斯燃烧法(Dumas)是测定农业生物质总氮含量的主要检测手段,但二者的测定结果数值存在差异。该研究获取农作物秸秆样本(水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜和棉花)共计1 179个,分别采用Kjeldahl和Dumas方法测定总氮(TKN和TCN,total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total combustion nitroyen)含量,通过多种统计与分析方法,系统分析比较了不同农作物秸秆总氮含量及其分布的异同和相关关系。结果表明:不同农作物秸秆氮含量分布均呈非正态分布,建议采用中位数统计;5种秸秆总体的TKN质量分数为(7.12±1.87) g/kg,TCN质量分数为(8.00±2.13) g/kg,TKN含量显著小于TCN含量;小麦和棉花秸秆的TKN含量和TCN含量与其他秸秆间均存在显著差异(P <0.05);不同生物质TKN含量与TCN含量关系不同,建议采用最小中位数二乘法进行拟合分析。研究结果可为农作物秸秆科学利用提供数据及方法互通性支撑。 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):923-929
Abstract Recovery of 15N‐labeled and non‐labeled NO3 ‐‐N (100 μg) during total N determination by a semimicro‐Kjeldahl procedure, not modified to include NO3 ‐‐N quantitatively, was studied in the presence and absence of soils varying in organic C. Recovery of NO3 ‐‐N was negligible in non‐soil systems, irrespective of whether water was present or not, unless an oxidizable C source, octyl alcohol (0.04 g), was added to the digestion mixture; addition of octyl alcohol resulted in a recovery of 78 and 87 μg NO3 ‐‐N in the presence and absence of water, respectively. Recovery of 100 μg NO3 ‐‐N added to soils containing from 0.1 to 3.8 g of C/cg of soil ranged from 34 to 90 pg NO3 ‐‐N in the absence of water. The recovery of the added NO3 ‐‐N was in the same order, but not proportional to, the organic C content of these soils. Addition of soil NO3 ‐‐N, determined by a separate method of analysis, to a regular Kjeldahl‐N value is not a satisfactory method for determining total soil N. 相似文献
15.
Rapid quantification of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) with a continuous flow analyzer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nitao JK Birr BA Nair MG Herms DA Mattson WJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(5):2207-2214
Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) frequently need to be quantified in large numbers of samples in food, plant, and environmental studies. An automated colorimetric method to quantify proanthocyanidins with sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) was therefore developed for use in a continuous flow analyzer. Assay conditions were optimized using 50% methanol extracts of paper birch, sugar maple, and quaking aspen leaves. Short extraction times and centrifugation of samples prevented proanthocyanidin degradation that otherwise occurred in 50% methanol extracts of aspen leaves. Extraction of birch and maple proanthocyanidins with 50% methanol was comparable to or better than that with 70% acetone. Proanthocyanidin levels in aspen were lower when extracted with aqueous methanol, but relative differences among samples were consistent with those found in aqueous acetone extracts. Results from the automated sulfuric acid assay were highly correlated with those of the conventional BuOH-HCl method for proanthocyanidins and, except for birch, with the Folin--Denis assay for total phenolics. This new technique significantly improves assay processing rate and repeatability compared to conventional colorimetric proanthocyanidin assays. 相似文献
16.
P R Rexroad R D Cathey 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1976,59(6):1213-1217
Pollution from the Kjeldahl method for crude protein has been reduced by substituting a low level of copper (0.04 g CuSO4) for the mercury (0.7 g HgO) specified in the AOAC official method, 2.049. Adjustments were made in the salt-acid ratio so the new system could handle hard-to-digest samples in a reasonable time. The new method was rugged for lysine. HCl. It is designed to be used for crude protein in feeds or similar Kjeldahl work. Precision and accuracy were equal to or better than that for the official method in a study of 17 samples analyzed in duplicate on 3 different days. The following samples were used in the study: lysine. HCl, tryptophan, NBS standards, urea, meals, mixed feeds, grains, and forage. The average per cent nitrogen found was 9.52 by the official method and 9.53 by the copper method. The average standard deviation was 0.038 by the official method and 0.033 by the copper method, giving the corresponding relative standard deviations of 0.40 and 0.35%. 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2665-2670
Abstract Following observation of severe chlorosis and dieback of meri‐stem tissue in asparagus seedlings started in the greenhouse in a soilless media, a study was conducted to determine if the growth patterns were associated with one or more of the media components. Asparagus seedling growth using several potting media was compared. Treatments included single component media, washed sand, perlite, peat, Plainfield loamy sand [a local soil (PLS)], plus 1: 1 mixtures of peat/perlite, washed sand/peat, PLS/perlite, washed sand/peat, and PLS/peat. Abnormal growth patterns were observed in several of the media. Chlorosis was associated with high pH which occurred in perlite, washed sand, and their combinations. Chlorotic plants were characterized by low root and fern dry weights and low fern to root ratios. Meristem dieback occurred in several media treatments and did not appear to be pH related. Plants exhibiting dieback had fern to root ratios approaching 1 if they were not also affected by chlorosis. Nutrient availability was suspected to be a cause but this hypothesis was not substantiated by data collected in this experiment. Asparagus growth in a mixture of Plainfield loamy sand and peat was the highest and was similar to that of field grown seedlings. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1805-1813
Abstract Very low recovery of NH4+‐N was observed in total N determination of (NH4)2SO4 in KC1 solutions by a semimicro Kjeldahl method using permanganate and reduced iron to recover NO3‐ and NO2‐, whereas complete recovery was obtained in analysis of NH4+‐N in water, and of NO3 ?‐N or NO2 ?‐N in either water or KC1 solutions. The loss of NH4 +‐N observed with KC1 was attributed to the formation of NCl3 upon reaction of NH4 + with Cl2 generated during oxidation of Cl? by MnO4 ?. This difficulty is avoided by using K2SO4 instead of KC1 for extraction of inorganic N from soil. Complete recovery was obtained by adding 15N‐labeled NH4+, NO3‐, or NO2‐ to 0.5 M K2SO4 soil extracts, and total 15N analyses of the labeled extracts were in good agreement with values calculated from the additions of 15N and the total N contents of the soil extracts. 相似文献