共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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在窄行密植栽培模式下选用半矮秆大豆品种合农60,并以大垄栽培为对照,研究窄行密植技术对大豆产量及品质、农艺性状的影响,结果表明：窄行密植栽培模式下大豆的产量显著地高于大垄栽培的产量,并且除了百粒重、蛋白质和脂肪含量,其他各性状都以窄行密植的大豆表现最好;不同时期窄行密植和大垄栽培大豆的SPAD值、单株叶面积和叶干重变化趋势基本一致。 相似文献
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半矮秆大豆窄行密植超高产栽培产量性状及产量结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用3个基因型品种,2种栽培模式,设置3个处理,研究半矮秆大豆窄行密植超高产栽培技术产量性状及产量结构,旨在为超高产大豆研究与应用提供技术依据.结果表明:在窄行、密植、高肥水条件下,B45处理由于采用半矮秆品种植株矮、底荚低、秆强不倒,虽然单株荚数、粒数显著低于对照,但由于密度增加,群体荚数、粒数显著增加.每节位平方米荚数、粒数分别达到145.1个和411.7个,分别较对照增加78.8～84.0个和254.2～258.0个,顶荚部位荚、粒数分别占总数的21.3%和22.5%.产量极显著高于对照处理,2008年在760 m2面积上,大豆产量达到4 895.7 kg·hm-2. 相似文献
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以3个中美半矮秆大豆杂交组合为材料，对自交主回交后代早期世代各主要农艺性状进行遗传力估算，世代间的相关分析，F3的相关及通径分析，结果表明，中美半矮秆大豆杂交后代以株系为单位的所有分枝性状世代间关系密切，且与目标性状产量相关值较大，表明了种组合后代分枝性状向正方向选择对产量的增效效果，因此从F2起以株系以上单位的平均表现进行选择是与常规组合不同的选择技术，3组合的单株粒数，主茎荚数，一级分枝荚数与单株生产力之间呈显著的正相关。 相似文献
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中美半矮秆大豆杂交早期世代农艺性状遗传变异研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
以三个中美半矮秆大豆杂交组合为材料,通过对其自交及回交后代各主要农艺性状的遗传参数的分析,为半矮秆大豆后代的选择和品种选育育种提供了一定的理论依据。试验结果表明：中美半矮秆大豆品种间其性状特别是分枝性状的明显差异,加之地理远缘等原因,其Ｆ１代多数农艺性状具有明显的超亲优势,自交及回交后代分枝性状有着超常幅度的变异;除了与通常杂交组合中株高、主茎节数、百粒重等表现较大的遗传力相同外,此种组合后代的分枝性状也表现了较高的遗传力。中美半矮秆大豆杂交后代所有分枝性状变异广泛,相对预期遗传进度大,且与目标性状产量相关值较大,决定了在此组合早代选择的必要性。 相似文献
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夏大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用灰色系统理论中灰色关联度分析的方法对山东省新育成的18个大豆新品种的主要农艺性状与单株产量进行了关联度分析，结果表明：有限结英习性的大豆品种单株产量与主要农艺性状的关联度从大到小的排列顺序依次为：主茎节数、百粒重、单株英数、株高、单株粒数、底荚高、分枝数；而亚有限结英习性的大豆品种单株产量与主要农艺性状的关联度从大到小依次为：单株粒数、单株荚数、主茎节数、株高、百粒重、底荚高、分枝数。明确了夏大豆主要农艺性状对单株产量的影响关系，为选育高产夏大豆品种提供参考依据。 相似文献
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半矮秆大豆窄行密植超高产生长发育动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索寒地超高产大豆生长发育及产量形成机理,采用3个基因型品种,2种栽培模式,共设3个处理研究半矮秆大豆窄行密植超高产生长发育动态.结果表明:在窄行、密植、高肥水条件下,B45处理由于采用半矮秆品种,尽管单株干物重、叶面积显著低于对照,但群体干物重显著增加,LAI早于G70对照8 d达到峰值,最高为8.081,在8月11只前LAI长时间保持在7.0以上,各生育时期叶绿素含量、净光合速率明显高于对照,均为光合产物积累及4 895.7 kg·hm-2的产量形成奠定了基础;Z45处理虽然选用亚有限秆强品种,随着密度增加倒伏严重;G70处理应用高秆品种稀植栽培,个体发育较好,但群体性状较差. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献