共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 521 毫秒
1.
V. P. Kalinichenko V. K. Sharshak O. S. Bezuglova E. P. Ladan E. D. Genev V. V. Illarionov V. E. Zinchenko N. A. Morkovskoi V. V. Chernenko L. P. Il’ina 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(8):927-938
Changes in the properties of solonetzic soil associations (chestnut solonetzic soils and chestnut solonetzes) in the dry steppe
after their reclamation have been studied for 30 years. The reclamation included the deep three-tier plowing and the approach
of rotary tillage. A single rotary tillage operation resulted in the formation of fine aggregates of equal sizes in the plow
layer; any morphological features of the restoration of solonetzic pedogenesis are absent. The atmospheric moisture easily
penetrates into the soil, and soluble salts are leached off to a great depth. In 30 years since the soil amelioration with
the use of a PMS-70 rotary tiller, the humus content has increased up to 3.3% in the upper 20-cm-thick layer and up to 2.4%
in the layer of 20–40 cm. The content of adsorbed Na+ in the 20- to 30-cm-thick layer has decreased to 10.6% of the cation exchange capacity (in comparison with 19.8% in the nonreclaimed
soil). The spatial heterogeneity of the soil cover has decreased in comparison with that prior to the reclamation. During
the entire observation period, crop yields gained from the fields reclaimed with the use of the rotary tiller have been by
25–60% higher in comparison with those on the fields with traditional treatments. 相似文献
2.
产量影响因子分析是精准农业变量作业的重要前提,是产量、土壤、环境信息转化为变量作业决策不可逾越的重要环节。本研究阐述了国内外产量影响因子分析中的常用方法和相关软件,并对产量图分析系统进行了系统流程和功能模块设计。 相似文献
3.
Yu. N. Krasnoshchekov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2010,43(2):117-126
Specific features of the soil formation and soil cover patterns in the mountainous alpine tundra and forest landscapes of
the Central Khangai Range are analyzed. It is shown that the specific mucky grayhumus permafrost-affected soils are only formed
under larch forests within the tundra-alpine and forest zones. Other soils have a wider geographic area. The morphological,
physicochemical, and chemical characteristics of the widespread soils are given. A medium-scale map of the soil cover patterns—soil
complexes, combinations, and mosaics—has been developed for the studied area. 相似文献
4.
There is increasing interest in developing automatic procedures to segment landscapes into soil spatial entities that replace conventional, expensive manual procedures for delineating and classifying soils. Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) partitions remote sensing imagery or digital elevation models into homogeneous image objects based on image segmentation. We used an object-based methodology for the detailed delineation and classification of soil types using digital maps of topography and vegetation as soil covariates, based on the Random Forests (RF) classifier. We compared the object-based method's results with those of a pixel-based classification using the same classifier. We used 18 digital elevation model derivatives and 5 remote sensing indices that were related to vegetation cover and soil. Using 171 soil profiles with their associated environmental variable values, the RF method was used to identify the most important soil type predictors for use in the segmentation process. A stack of raster-geodatasets corresponding to the selected predictors was segmented using a multi-resolution segmentation algorithm, which resulted in homogeneous objects related to soil types. These objects were further classified as soil types using the same method, RF. We also conducted a pixel-based classification using the same classifier and soil profiles, and the resulting maps were assessed in terms of their accuracy using 30% of the soil profiles for validation. We found that GEOBIA was an effective method for soil type mapping, and was superior to the pixel-based approach. The optimized object-based soil map had an overall accuracy of 58%, which was 10% higher than that of the optimized pixel-based map. 相似文献
5.
V. I. Kiryushin 《Eurasian Soil Science》2007,40(7):785-791
Soil quality is considered to be the key element in the system of the agroecological assessment of lands. Soil quality is characterized by a combination of conditions ensuring sustainable crop yields and determining the ecological functions and stability of agrolandscapes. Soil conditions, i.e., the character of soilscapes and the soil quality, are integrated with all the other agroecological conditions in the system of land assessment. The soil quality reflects the integral effect of soil properties on the yield and quality of particular crops under certain climatic and landscape conditions and the level of agriculture; the ecological functions of soils are also taken into account. The productive capacity of agricultural land is the integral criterion of land quality; it is characterized by the yield of crops of particular quality at the given levels of agriculture intensity, energy inputs, and economic efficiency. 相似文献
6.
V. A. Rozhkov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2012,45(3):221-230
Classiology can be defined as a science studying the principles and rules of classification of objects of any nature. The
development of the theory of classification and the particular methods for classifying objects are the main challenges of
classiology; to a certain extent, they are close to the challenges of pattern recognition. The methodology of classiology
integrates a wide range of methods and approaches: from expert judgment to formal logic, multivariate statistics, and informatics.
Soil classification assumes generalization of available data and practical experience, formalization of our notions about
soils, and their representation in the form of an information system. As an information system, soil classification is designed
to predict the maximum number of a soil’s properties from the position of this soil in the classification space. The existing
soil classification systems do not completely satisfy the principles of classiology. The violation of logical basis, poor
structuring, low integrity, and inadequate level of formalization make these systems verbal schemes rather than classification
systems sensu stricto. The concept of classification as listing (enumeration) of objects makes it possible to introduce the notion of the information
base of classification. For soil objects, this is the database of soil indices (properties) that might be applied for generating
target-oriented soil classification system. Mathematical methods enlarge the prognostic capacity of classification systems;
they can be applied to assess the quality of these systems and to recognize new soil objects to be included in the existing
systems. The application of particular principles and rules of classiology for soil classification purposes is discussed in
this paper. 相似文献
7.
I. N. Gorokhova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(2):227-236
Topographic identification and mapping were carried out for different key plots in Moscow according to satellite images using
geoinformation technologies; a complex ecological map was constructed for the key plots. The main advantage of this project
is using the remote information for obtaining quick-look data on the ecosystem’s state. The following ecological parameters
were determined during the mapping: the percentage of forest area, the canopy’s density, and the sites of forest uprooting
in forests-parks; the recreational load on the soil cover in the forests, valleys of small rivers, and public gardens; the
areas of disturbances of the herbaceous cover and soil overcompaction in lawns; the vertical and lateral structure of line
plantings in community landscapes; and the disturbances in the land use in the territory of water-control areas of small rivers. 相似文献
8.
两种利用类型煤矸山复垦重构土壤贮水特性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
土壤贮水能力是复垦地植被恢复和生态重建的基础。因此开展煤矸山复垦重构土壤贮水能力研究对于指导煤矸山植被复垦具有重要意义。以长治王庄煤矸山复垦6 a的林地（SL）和草地（GL）为对象,分析了2种利用类型煤矸山复垦重构土壤1 m土层贮水状况。结果表明:（1）复垦林地（SL）和复垦草地（GL）土壤容重分别较普通林草地（CK）高12.7%和19.0%（p > 0.01）。两种复垦地土壤容重的剖面变化有别于普通农地,并且其差异主要体现在60 cm以上土层。（2）SL样地和GL样地土壤总孔隙度分别较CK样地低20.5%和30.9%,非毛管孔隙度分别较CK低80.0%和74.9%,而土壤毛管孔隙度分别较CK样地高14.1%和2.4%,因此,两种复垦地土壤饱和贮水量和非毛管贮水量明显低于普通农地,但毛管贮水量高于普通农地。（3）SL样地和GL样地1 m土层土壤平均含水量和总贮水量分别较CK样地高7.8%,12.3%和23.5%,34.9%,但两种复垦地与普通农地1 m土层含水量和贮水量的差异在60—100 cm最大。 相似文献
9.
General concepts of tectology—the universal organization science—are discussed. It is shown that some of them can be applied
for the formal analysis of visual images of soil systems obtained at different levels of their organization—from photos of
thin sections to soil maps—and the corresponding attribute data. The structure of visual and attribute data at the level of
thin sections and the methods of their analysis do not differ from those applied upon the analysis of soil cartographic materials.
In particular, this concerns the procedures for data classification—the universal tool to analyze empirical data and to generate
various hypotheses. These procedures include the methods of multivariate statistics and data convolution, the development
of systems of information indices, the development of hierarchical and/or ordinate structures of soil objects, etc. Modern
information technologies, including data bases and geographic information systems with solid mathematical support, make it
possible to advance the ideas of tectology with the aim to improve the efficiency of theoretical and applied studies in soil
science. 相似文献
10.
复垦土壤盐分污染的微波频谱分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
复垦工程完成后，复垦土壤的结构、层次等受到破坏，易发生盐碱化，微波的穿透性为土地质量的监测提供可能。该试验通过对复垦土壤在不同水分条件下，不同盐分污染程度的探地雷达探测，旨在揭示盐分污染下，微波信号的变化规律。结果表明：中心频率为400 MHz的天线在不同程度的盐分污染下，主频发生偏移，出现在250 MHz。随着盐分污染的加重，出现双峰现象，次主频出现在530 MHz，且随着盐分污染的加重次主频的相对振幅逐渐加强，不同的水分含量系列下，出现相同的现象。由于探地雷达可以快速、大面积的无损探测，因此，能够及时提供复垦土壤盐分变化的信息，可以对复垦土地的质量实时监测、及时治理。 相似文献
11.
Jiaguo Jiao Erle C. Ellis Ian Yesilonis Junxi Wu Hongqing Wang Huixin Li Linzhang Yang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(3):461-472
Purpose
Village landscapes, which integrate small-scale agriculture with housing, forestry and a host of other land use practices, cover more than 2 × 106 km2 across China. Village lands tend to be managed at very fine spatial scales (≤30 m), with managers altering soil fertility and even terrain by terracing, irrigation, fertilizing, and other land use practices. Under these conditions, accumulation of excess phosphorous in soils has become important contributor to eutrophication of surface waters across China’s densely populated village landscapes. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between fine-scale patterns of agricultural management and soil total phosphorus (STP) within China’s village landscapes. 相似文献12.
13.
14.
高潜水位平原区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤形态发育评价 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
土壤的形态特征含有丰富的环境信息,是环境变化与生态重建的重要依据,可以推断土壤发育的强弱。矿山复垦土壤为人造新土壤,可能构造出不同的土壤形态,复垦土壤形态特征的研究对复垦土壤生产力的提高和复垦技术的革新具有重要意义。该文以高潜水位平原区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤为研究对象,探讨定量评价复垦土壤形态发育状况。研究采用实地调查和室内分析相结合的方法,依据中国土壤系统分类用土壤剖面描述标准,构建了复垦土壤形态发育评价体系,进行土壤形态定量评价。结果表明,形态发育指数HI(土层发育指数)和WPDI(土壤权重剖面发育指数)能够较好的反映复垦土壤与当地原状土壤的发育程度差异:复垦土壤土层发育指数HI和土壤权重剖面发育指数WPDI平均值分别为0.57、0.56,而当地原状土壤HI和WPDI的平均值为0.68、0.69,表明复垦土壤形态发育程度相对较弱;HI曲线形状异于原状土壤,表层HI高于其他土层,不同复垦方式的WPDI显示的发育程度序列为:充填复垦(外源土)>挖深垫浅>挖深垫浅(泥浆泵)>充填复垦(粉煤灰、煤矸石等);随复垦时间的延长,复垦土壤发育程度呈现增长趋势。 相似文献
15.
Understanding the linkages between structure and processes in soil landscapes involves analyses across several spatial and temporal scales. The transfer of information between scales requires the (1) identification of respective scale levels and (2) procedures for regionalization. Here, we present a multiparameter delineation of landform units and their attribution with typical Reference Soil Groups (RSG) of a landscape of NE Germany which is representative of young moraine regions. Data sources are a digital elevation model (DEM, 5 m × 5 m), a reference data set from sections of an intensively augered landscape, and expert knowledge. A conceptual digital soil map was constructed in the scale 1:5000 based on the Topographic Position Index (TPI). The methodology is applicable for multiscale analyses. Results are (1) the landform unit classified by digital terrain analysis of a DEM, (2) the attribution of RSG, and (3) the evaluation of the classification. Accuracy of the method was 57% overall, with 70% accuracy on typical erosional sites. The developed method allows identification of terrain‐related soil pattern with high spatial resolution in glacial‐drift areas. The high resolution of soil information can be used for delineation of management zones in precision farming, or as input for process studies and models requiring a translation of typological soil information into relevant soil properties (e.g., by pedotransfer functions). 相似文献
16.
A. K. Saidov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(12):1352-1361
A soil and agroecological survey of Kizlyar pastures has been performed on a scale of 1: 200 000 with the use of large-scale cartographic materials and remote sensing data. An assessment of the modern state of the soil and vegetation resources of the region is given, the scale and intensity of the recent soil degradation processes are determined, and a forecast of their further development is given. Necessary control and mitigation measures are suggested. Five groups of rainfed pastures and four groups of irrigated pastures are distinguished with respect to their agroecological status. The soils with good agroecological conditions occupy 1.5% of the territory (22 400 ha); the soils with suitable agroecological conditions, 39.1% (593 900 ha); and the soils with poor and very poor agroecological conditions, 47.5% (721 400 ha). 相似文献
17.
In coastal China, there is an urgent need to increase land for agriculture. One solution is land reclamation from coastal tidelands, but soil salinization poses a problem. Thus, there is need to map saline areas and identify appropriate management strategies. One approach is the use of digital soil mapping. At the first stage, auxiliary data such as remotely sensed multispectral imagery can be used to identify areas of low agricultural productivity due to salinity. Similarly, proximal sensing instruments can provide data on the distribution of soil salinity. In this study, we first used multispectral QuickBird imagery (Bands 1–4) to provide information about crop growth and then EM38 data to indicate relative salt content using measurements of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) in the horizontal (ECh) and vertical (ECv) modes of operation. Second, we used a fuzzy k‐means (FKM) algorithm to identify three salinity management zones using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ECh and ECv/ECh. The three identified classes were statistically different in terms of auxiliary and topsoil properties (e.g. soil organic matter) and more importantly in terms of the distribution of soil salinity (ECe) with depth. The resultant three classes were mapped to demonstrate that remote and proximally sensed auxiliary data can be used as surrogates for identifying soil salinity management zones. 相似文献
18.
In traditional rural societies that still represent the majority of small farmers worldwide, the use of conventional soil survey information frequently fails because it does not take into account or underestimates soil knowledge and experience of local people. Innovative approaches have been proposed to utilize the soil knowledge of rural communities through the participation of local farmers. This paper reports experience of participatory soil survey in the Purhépecha community of San Francisco Pichátaro in the volcanic highlands of central Mexico. Ethnographic and ethnopedologic techniques were applied to acquire soil and land data. Local soil knowledge was incorporated through plenary workshops designed to produce a participatory soil map based on a Purhépecha soil classification. This soil map reflects farmers’ soil–landscape understanding and correlates fairly well with a scientific soil map of the same area because in both approaches terrain plays a key role in the delineation of soil units. Participatory soil mapping promoted cooperation between local and external participants and formed the basis for an agreed land‐use plan. 相似文献
19.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(7):2290-2297
Reclamation following mining activities often aims to restore stable soils that support productive and diverse native plant communities. The soil re‐spread process increases soil compaction, which may alter soil water, plant composition, rooting depths, and soil organic matter. This may have a direct impact on vegetation establishment and species recruitment. Seasonal wet/dry and freeze/thaw patterns are thought to alleviate soil compaction over time. However, this has not been formally evaluated on reclaimed landscapes at large scales. Our objectives were to (1) determine soil compaction alleviation, (2) rooting depth, and (3) spatial patterns of soil water content over a time‐since‐reclamation gradient. Soil resistance to penetration varied by depth, with shallow compaction remaining unchanged, but deeper compaction increased over time rather than being alleviated. Root biomass and depth did not increase with time and was consistently less than the values in the reference location. Plant communities initially had a strong native component, but quickly became dominated by invasive species following reclamation, and soil water content became increasingly homogeneous over the 40‐year chronosequence. Seasonal weather patterns and soil organic matter additions can reduce soil compaction if water infiltration is not limited. Shallow and strongly fibrous‐rooted grasses present in reclaimed sites added organic matter to shallow soil layers, but did not penetrate the compacted layers and allow water infiltration. Strong linkages between land management strategies, soil properties, and vegetation composition can advance reclamation efforts and promote heterogeneous landscapes. However, current post‐reclamation management strategies are incompletely utilizing natural seasonal weather patterns to reduce soil compaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
D. S. Bulgakov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2009,42(12):1404-1407
The agronomic and agrarian ideas advanced by N.N. Rozov are of great interest for us in the context of the practical application
of pedology for the development of agriculture. Soil grouping for evaluating the quality of agricultural lands, soil assessment
from the agroecological and agroeconomic viewpoints, and the modeling of soil fertility ensure the more efficient use of soil
resources for agricultural purposes and the development of the State Land Cadaster. 相似文献