共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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根据江苏省江水北调工程现行的运行机制和近几年工程的运行情况，建立起泵站调水运行模型。通过模型分析，对江水北调工程的泵站调水运行费用的计算方法作初步研究，为进一步研究分析大型跨流域调水工程的泵站调水运行费用作一些探索。 相似文献
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提高科学管理水平，努力降低灌水成本，提高泵站工程效益，更好地为农业增产、农民增收、农村稳定服务，是当前机电排灌泵站运行管理中的重要课题。80年代初，由于过分强调分散经营的积极性，忽视了泵站的统一管理，将全县原为乡有乡营的泵站下放为村组所有和管理，致使我县的排灌管理水平削弱，农灌成本大幅度上升．泵站技术性能逐年恶化。目前我县计有固定灌溉泵站3637座，4104台。56641．skw，其中90“6以上的泵站其经营权和所有权都属村组所有。通过十多年来的运行实践表明，泵站下放到村组之后，给泵站的运行与管理带来了许多不利因素… 相似文献
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大型泵站现代化标准初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国正在进行大规模的水利现代化建设，南水北调东线工程对大型泵站的建设提出了更高的要求，为了明确这些泵站现代化建设和管理方向，为南水北调东线工程大型泵站的规划、设计、建设、管理和已建泵站的技术改造提供依据，对大型泵站现代化的界定、内涵、指导思想、总体要求和建设与管理标准进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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现代化大型泵站与南水北调东线工程的设计与研究 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
我国正在进行大规模的水利现代化建设，南水北调东线工程的建设对大型泵站提出了更高的要求，为了规范大型泵站现代化建设和管理方向，为南水北调东线工程大型泵站规划、设计、建设、选型、管理和已建大型泵站的技术改造提供依据，文章初步探讨了现代化大型泵站的界定、内涵、指导思想、总体要求和建设与管理标准。 相似文献
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新中国成立后，我国机电提水或工程迅速发展，但是，泵系统运行效益普遍偏低。该文针对目前我国机电排灌泵站发展的现状，分析了影响泵站经济运行管理的５个方面的因素， 灌泵站技术经济运行管理水平的措施为：１加强泵站机电设备的管理，保持良好的技术状态；２．加强泵站进水建筑物的管理，确保泵站安全经济运行。 相似文献
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将泵站工程管理，设备技术，测试数据及运行管理等资料，建立一个数据库管理系统。采用人机对话方式输入计算机。利用计算机对资料进行整理，分类，储存，打印及屏幕显示等处理，从而迅速准确地掌握泵站运行的管理信息，以便实行泵站优化调度，经济运行，科学管理。 相似文献
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高港水利枢纽微机保护系统 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
从微机保护系统结构及特点、通信管理、现场保护、测控等方面入手，介绍了泰州引江河高港水利枢纽采用DCAP-4000变电站综合自动化系统，对泵站变电站与主电机的保护系统进行了更新改造，实现泵站工程的监测、保护、控制一体化，提高了泵站自动化水平和安全运行可靠性。 相似文献
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J.S. Pachpute 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(9):1251-1258
A package of water management practices including pitcher irrigation method and water conserving techniques of manure application and mulching is experimented for sustainable growth and improved production of cucumber crop in Makanya village in North Eastern Tanzania. The increase in total yield due to package of water management practices is 203 per cent and water use efficiency obtained is 12.06 kg m−3. The seasonal water requirement of cucumber crop under package of water management practices ranges from 146.30 to 198.10 mm, which is on an average 4.19 times less as compared to control treatment of can irrigation. The irrigation interval in package of water management practices is 4.9 times higher than the can irrigation method. The water and labour uses are reduced by 75.9 and 73 per cent, respectively in package of water management practices. The results showed that the self-regulative nature of pitchers and moisture retention by water conserving techniques is helpful in mitigating water stress in crop root zone. The moisture retention period in soil is increased assisting reduction of labour hours required in irrigation. In local context, the water management practices included in the package are easy to understand, adopt, operate and maintain. 相似文献
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淮北平原农田水利规划的几个关键问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李金冰 《中国农村水利水电》2010,(4):82-84
根据淮北平原经济社会发展和自然条件特点,针对农田水利存在的主要问题,深入探讨淮北平原农田水利的总体布局,并从防洪除涝、灌溉、水生态及工程建设和运行管理等多方面提出规划建议,旨在促进区域人口、资源、环境和经济的协调发展。 相似文献
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王少丽 《中国农村水利水电》2001,(10):33-35
针对80年代骊为华北平原地下水位的持续下降问题，选择河北省雄县胜利灌区为水资源平衡调控研究区，对水管理现状、存在问题、以及水量供需状况进行了分析。根据地下水动态规律、渠床入渗率分布、地表水引用量在年内的分配、研究区农业用水和地下水的回灌要求，提出水量调控措施。结合田间农业节水研究，提出以提高用水效率为目标的不管理改进措施。 相似文献
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H. NooryS.E.A.T.M. van der Zee A.-M. LiaghatM. Parsinejad J.C. van Dam 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(6):1062-1070
The agro-hydrological model SWAP was used in a distributed manner to quantify irrigation water management effects on the water and salt balances of the Voshmgir Network of North Iran during the agricultural year 2006-2007. Field experiments, satellite images and geographical data were processed into input data for 10 uniform simulation areas. As simulated mean annual drainage water (312 mm) of the entire area was only 14% smaller than measured (356 mm), its distribution over the drainage units was well reproduced, and simulated and measured groundwater levels agreed well. Currently, water management leads to excessive irrigation (621-1436 mm year−1), and leaching as well as high salinity of shallow groundwater are responsible for large amounts of drainage water (25-59%) and salts (44-752 mg cm−2). Focused water management can decrease mean drainage water (22-48%) and salts (30-49%), compared with current water management without adverse effects on relative transpiration and root zone salinity. 相似文献
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Optimizing yield,water requirements,and water productivity of aerobic rice for the North China Plain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changying Xue Xiaoguang Yang Bas A. M. Bouman Wei Deng Qiuping Zhang Weixiong Yan Tianyi Zhang Aji Rouzi Huaqi Wang 《Irrigation Science》2008,26(6):459-474
Water resources for agriculture are rapidly declining in the North China Plain because of increasing industrial and domestic
use and because of decreasing rainfall resulting from climate change. Water-efficient agricultural technologies need to be
developed. Aerobic rice is a new crop production system in which rice is grown in nonflooded and nonsaturated aerobic soil,
just like wheat and maize. Although an estimated 80,000 ha are cultivated with aerobic rice in the plain, there is little
knowledge on obtainable yields and water requirements to assist farmers in improving their management. We present results
from field experiments with aerobic rice variety HD297 near Beijing, from 2002 to 2004. The crop growth simulation model ORYZA2000
was used to extrapolate the experimental results to different weather conditions, irrigation management, and soil types. We
quantified yields, water inputs, water use, and water productivities. On typical freely draining soils of the North China
Plain, aerobic rice yields can reach 6–6.8 t ha−1, with a total water input ranging between 589 and 797 (rainfall = 477 m and water application = 112–320 mm). For efficient
water use, the irrigation water can be supplied in 2–4 applications and should aim at keeping the soil water tension in the
rootzone below 100–200 kPa. Under those conditions, the amount of water use by evapotranspiration was 458–483 mm. The water
productivity with respect to total water input (irrigation plus rainfall) was 0.89–1.05 g grain kg−1 water, and with respect to evapotranspiration, 1.28–1.42 g grain kg−1 water. Drought around flowering should be avoided to minimize the risk of spikelet sterility and low grain yields. The simulations
suggest that, theoretically, yields can go up to 7.5 t ha−1 and beyond. Further research is needed to determine whether the panicle (sink) size is large enough to support such yields
and/or whether improved management is needed. 相似文献
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Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the dry areas, water, not land, is the most limiting resource for improved agricultural production. Maximizing water productivity, and not yield per unit of land, is therefore a better strategy for dry farming systems. Under such conditions, more efficient water management techniques must be adopted. Supplemental irrigation (SI) is a highly efficient practice with great potential for increasing agricultural production and improving livelihoods in the dry rainfed areas. In the drier environments, most of the rainwater is lost by evaporation; therefore the rainwater productivity is extremely low. Water harvesting can improve agriculture by directing and concentrating rainwater through runoff to the plants and other beneficial uses. It was found that over 50% of lost water can be recovered at a very little cost. However, socioeconomic and environmental benefits of this practice are far more important than increasing agricultural water productivity. This paper highlights the major research findings regarding improving water productivity in the dry rainfed region of West Asia and North Africa. It shows that substantial and sustainable improvements in water productivity can only be achieved through integrated farm resources management. On-farm water-productive techniques if coupled with improved irrigation management options, better crop selection and appropriate cultural practices, improved genetic make-up, and timely socioeconomic interventions will help to achieve this objective. Conventional water management guidelines should be revised to ensure maximum water productivity instead of land productivity. 相似文献
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Optimization of yield and water-use of different cropping systems for sustainable groundwater use in North China Plain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Qinping Sun Roland KröbelTorsten Müller Volker RömheldZhenling Cui Fusuo ZhangXinping Chen 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(5):808-814
A groundwater crisis is going on in the North China Plain (NCP), due to the excessive water consumption of the traditional winter wheat (WW)/summer maize (SM) double cropping system (two harvests in one year). In order to improve the water use efficiency in this particular cropping system and to evaluate the sustainability of water usage in Chinese agroecosystems, two field experiments were conducted from October 2004 to September 2006 at two sites of the North China Plain. The field experiments included four treatments: (1) farmers’ practice (FP) with two harvests in one year (WW/SM rotation), (2) FP with reduced input (RI) of water and nitrogen (WW/SM rotation), (3) three harvests in two years (TW, 1st year: WW/SM; 2nd year: spring maize), and (4) continuous spring-maize monoculture (CS) with one harvest per year (spring maize). In the treatments RI, TW and CS, the amount and timing of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization was optimized using TDR based soil moisture measurements and the Nmin-method, respectively. Data showed that the utilization efficiency of irrigation water can be improved by optimizing soil water management compared to the traditional water management (FP). However, the groundwater net consumption required for RI still surpassed 300 mm yr−1. Both FP and RI, still overused groundwater resources. The groundwater consumption in the continuous spring maize (CS) was on average 139 mm yr−1. Therefore, the CS system can show the potential to use groundwater sustainably in the long term. Water usage of the TW treatment was in between the water usage of the other treatments. The grain yields in the double cropping systems (FP and RI) were higher than that in the two other systems (TW and CS). But the CS treatment showed the higher WUE than others. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2006,85(3):314-322
Irrigation needs to be scheduled properly for winter wheat, the main food crop in North China where the water resources are limited. We optimized the irrigation timing of crops under limited water supply by integrating a soil water balance model, dated water production function with cumulative function of water sensitivity index, and a nonlinear search method. The optimization produced the optimal irrigation date series with the predetermined irrigation quota for each application, which aims to obtain higher crop yield with limited irrigation water and be convenient for irrigation management. This simulation–optimization model was used to investigate the irrigation scheduling of winter wheat in Xiaohe irrigation Area in North China. Results show that optimal irrigation date series, corresponding relative yield and relative evapotranspiration are all closely related to the irrigation quota and initial soil water conditions. For rich and medium initial soil water conditions in medium precipitation year, it takes four times of irrigation (60 mm each time) after greening in order to obtain higher crop yield. But it increases to five times for poor initial condition. With limited irrigation water, irrigation should generally be applied in the preferential sequence of early May or late April (in the jointing stage), then mid and late May (in the heading stage), and finally March (in the greening stage). Irrigation should be applied earlier with lower initial soil water storage. Higher irrigation quota increases the crop yield but tends to decrease the marginal value, especially when irrigation quota exceeds 180 mm. The study also indicates that the optimized relative yield is generally higher than that obtained in field experiment. Based on the optimization, we proposed to use the quadratic polynomial function to describe the frontier water production function, which shows the mathematical relationship between optimized relative yield and relative evapotranspiration. 相似文献