首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
A field experiment was conducted during 1994 and 1995 at Lucknow (26.5°N, 80.5°E, 120 m above mean sea level) to optimize planting density and fertilizer-N application for high essential oil yield of late transplanted mint ( Mentha arvensis ). The treatments studied were 2.5, 2.0 and 1.66 × 105 mint seedlings ha−1 and 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha−1. Under 3 months delayed planting conditions using 2-month-old seedlings, the high planting density of 2.5 × 105 plants ha−1combined with 160 kg N ha−1 gave significantly higher herb and essential oil yields compared with those of lower planting densities (2 and 1.66 × 105 plants ha−1) and all other rates of N application. It is demonstrated that a transplanted mini crop, yielding essential oil at a level of 164 kg ha−1, is feasible after the harvest of rabi cereal, oil seed or legume crops in the north Indian plains.  相似文献   

2.
In a soil lacking indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum , soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) nodulation depends upon the number of rhizobia applied with the inoculum. This field study reports the effect of different rates of applied rhizobia on nodulation, dry matter and nitrogen content in soybean in a Mediterranean soil lacking B. japonicum.
Treatments included six rates of B. japonicum , ranging from 2.5 × 104 to 6.075 × 106 rhizobia cells per seed applied to the seed as peat inoculant at planting, 100 kg N ha−1 and an uninoculated control. The experiment was conducted in an Entisol soil. Regression analysis showed linear relationship between the rate of applied rhizobia and the number of the nodules per plant or the dry weight per nodule. In early stages of development (32 and 68 days after planting) plant dry weight was not affected by inoculation rate. At harvest a rate of 7.5 × 104 rhizobia cells per seed was necessary for maximum total and stover dry weight. A higher rate, 6.75 × 105 rhizobia cells per seed, was required to obtain maximum grain yield, total N content in plant tops and grain N content. Grain percentage N was increased up to 2.025 × 106 rhizobia cells per seed. Nitrogen application increased grain yield, total N content and grain N content at the same level as the lower inoculation rate.  相似文献   

3.
2013―2014年以早熟棉(中棉所50)为材料,采用裂区设计,在江苏省南京市研究了种植密度(7.50万、9.75万和12.00万株·hm~(-2))和缩节胺(DPC)调控(0,52.5和105.0 g·hm~(-2))对麦后直播棉产量和冠层特征的影响。结果表明:皮棉产量在不同种植密度下以12.00万株·hm~(-2)处理最低,在不同DPC用量水平下以0 g·hm~(-2)处理最低;种植密度与DPC调控存在互作效应,以种植密度9.75万株·hm~(-2)、DPC用量52.5~105 g·hm~(-2)处理产量较高,且产量构成中以铃数对产量的直接效应最大。对冠层特征影响表明,下部果枝夹角和长度随种植密度增加而降低,而中、上部果枝的夹角和长度、叶面积指数均以种植密度9.75万株·hm~(-2)处理较高;不同部位果枝夹角和长度、叶面积指数均随DPC用量增加而降低,而透光率则相反。相关分析表明,下部果枝夹角大、中部果枝较长及上部果枝夹角小且叶面积指数和透光率较高,有利于提高产量和霜前花率。综上,该棉区麦后直播棉种植密度9.75万株·hm~(-2)、DPC用量52.5~105 g·hm~(-2)(蕾期、开花期和打顶后用量比例为1∶2∶4),有利于改善棉花冠层特征,实现早熟高产。  相似文献   

4.
Field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons at the Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt (on a clay loam soil), to determine the effects of N fertilization (added at rates of 107 and 161 kg N ha–1) and foliar application of plant growth retardants (Pix, Cycocel and Alar; each applied once at 300 p.p.m., 75 days after planting) and zinc (applied at 0.0 and 50 p.p.m., two times, 80 and 95 days after planting) on cottonseed, protein and oil yields and oil properties of the Egyptian cotton cultivar Giza 75. The higher N rate, as well as the application of all growth retardants and zinc, resulted in an increase in cottonseed yield ha–1, seed index, seed protein content, oil and protein yields ha–1, seed oil refractive index, unsaponifiable matter and total unsaturated fatty acid content (oleic and linoleic). However, those treatments decreased the oil acid value, saponification value, and total saturated fatty acid content. The seed oil content tended to decrease when the high N rate was applied, but tended to increase with the application of all growth retardants and zinc. There were some differences between Pix, Cycocel and Alar regarding their effects on the studied characters. The highest increase in seed yield ha–1, seed index, and oil and protein yields ha–1 was found with Pix, followed by Cycocel. The Cycocel treatment gave the lowest total saturated fatty acid oil content, followed by Alar.  相似文献   

5.
In a field trial conducted during 1992–93 and 1993–94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha−1) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha−1 and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil vield at harvest of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. T-59. Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha (BN90) was used as control. On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha −1 and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 12.5 and 14.8%, respectively over control BN90.  相似文献   

6.
机械收获模式下直播冬油菜密度与行距的优化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
以华油杂62为材料,采用裂区设计,设置密度15万株hm–2 (D1)、30万株hm–2 (D2)、45万株hm–2 (D3)为主区;行距15 cm (R15)、25 cm (R25)、35 cm (R35)为裂区,研究密度及行距变化对油菜群体人工收获产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、角果皮面积指数(PAI)、透光率、抗倒伏、抗裂角性能及机械收获产量的影响,探讨透光率与产量、抗倒性的关系,建立机械化生产模式下油菜密度及行距最优配置。结果表明,密度增加或行距减小,油菜成株率适宜,LAI、PAI值增加,冠层透光率下降,群体生物量及经济系数增加,人工收获产量增加;但单位LAI(PAI)光拦截量、单株生物量及根干重下降,且较低的单位LAI (PAI)光拦截量有利于提高油菜经济系数;密度及行距处理间差异及互作效应显著,与农户习惯种植模式(D2R25)相比,在D3R15处理下可增产14.1%,获得最高人工收获产量。密度或行距增加,地上部鲜重、株高降低及根冠比增加,导致油菜茎秆、根倒角度下降,抗裂角指数增加,机械收获产量变化趋势与人工收获产量一致,与机械收获总损失率相反,表明除通过提高油菜抗倒性和抗裂角性降低机收损失外,较高的人工收获产量是获得较高机械收获产量的前提。由回归方程可知,与常规30万株hm–2密度、25 cm行距配置比,密度43.8万株hm–2和行距21 cm配置可使蕾薹期LAI提高21.02%、透光率及单位LAI光拦截量分别下降32.47%与17.36%,角果期PAI增加15.08%、透光率及单位PAI光拦截量分别下降32.04%与3.30%,获得较高的机械收获产量,进一步提高油菜机械化生产效益。  相似文献   

7.
In a field trial conducted during 1993–1994, mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. Varuna was sprayed with either deionised water or 10−5 M GA3 at 40 (vegetative stage), 60 (flowering stage) or 80 (pod fill stage) days after sowing (DAS) to select the suitable growth stage for spray for augmenting productivity of the crop. Shoot length per plant, leaf number per plant, leaf area per plant, dry weight per plant and leaf area index and accumulation of N, P and K were recorded at 100 DAS. Pods per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and seed yield merit were computed at harvest. Growth, NPK accumulation and yield were maximal when spraying was done at 40 DAS. However, spraying at 40 and 60 DAS gave at par values for most of the growth and yield parameters. It was also noted that there was a significant difference in spray treatment at different growth stages only when G A, was sprayed and not when water was sprayed.  相似文献   

8.
Soil and climatic conditions in Newfoundland are on the margins of agricultural capability, and almost all feed grain is imported. The overall objective of this work was to develop guidelines for the production of barley in Newfoundland, with the goal of establishing modern cropping recommendations. We conducted a 4-year study near St. John's to examine the effect of seeding rate and topdress ammonium nitrate (N) fertilization rate on Chapais six-row barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) yield components and grain yield. Increasing seeding rate from 200 to 380 seeds m–2 did not alter grain yield in any year. Increasing topdress fertilization from 0 to 60 kg N ha–1 increased spike density m–2 at harvest, resulting in linear increases in grain yield in all years. Highest N rates had greatest lodging in two years. Based on our results, agronomic recommendations for eastern Newfoundland now include barley seeding rates of 250 ± 50 seeds m–2, with topdress applications up to at least 30 kg N ha–1.  相似文献   

9.
Two experiments of soil N-fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation were conducted in 1981 and 1982 at Giza, Egypt. Soybean was sprayed with a commercial micronutrients mixture, and with urea.
In the first experiment, soil N-fertilization 0, 142.8 and 214.2 kg N/hectare were applied to uninoculated plants, whereas, in the second one, local inoculum was used alone or along with addition of a starter dose of N (47.6 kg N/hectare).
Urea applications were at pod filling period (R4, R5 and R6 stages), whereas, micronutrients mixture was applied at 25 days from planting.
Plant dry weight, leaf area/plant, plant height, pod and seed number/plant, seed weight/plant, seed yield and crude seed protein content increased significantly with nitrogen application to uninoculated soybean plants; whereas the starter dose of N had no significant effect on any of these traits under the inoculated soybean plants.
Foliar application of micronutrients caused significant increases in plant DW, LA, pod and seed number/plant, seed index and seed yield of fertilized and inoculated plants.
Foliar application of urea, to inoculated and uninoculated plants, caused significant increments in plant dry weight, 1A, seed protein content and particular seed index and seed yield.  相似文献   

10.
Two field experiments were conducted during] 994-95 to study the effect of spray of 10−5 M GA3 at 40 days after sowing on mustard ( Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) cv. Varuna grown with basally applied 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1 (Expt. 1) and 0,15, 30 and 45 kg P ha−1 (Expt. 2) on pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and fatty acid composition of oil. No significant difference between water and GA3 spray was found when basally applied nitrogen was 0 or 40 kg N ha−1. N80 proved to be the best for yield characteristics. In another experiment on phosphorus, GA3 and 30 kg P ha−1 individually enhanced the yield, but interaction of GA3 and P remained non-significant. The fatty acid composition of oil in both experiments was significantly affected only by nitrogen and phosphorus treatments for oleic acid and erucic acid. It was found that return in the form of yield was more for every kg applied fertilizer under GA, spray treatment. The response was more for N fertilizer in comparison to P. GA3 at a low level of fertilization significantly increased the return from fertilization.  相似文献   

11.
高密度对甘肃黄灌区玉米品种农艺性状和产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选择4个玉米品种,设置3种密度,于2015-2016年在甘肃中部沿黄灌区种植试验得出：同一品种在不同密度下的农艺性状和产量存在差异。对宁玉524、辽单588、高玉818、先玉335的各农艺性状和产量构成因素在密度9.75万、11.25万、12.75万株/hm 2处理下两年测得的数据均值进行了分析比较,发现随着种植密度的增大,玉米的农艺性状和产量出现趋向性变化。表现为玉米的空秆率、倒伏率、株高、穗位高和产量随着密度的增加而增加;茎粗、穗粗、穗长、穗粒数和百粒重随密度增加有所减小。其中空秆率、茎粗、穗粗、穗长、穗粒数和产量差异显著,高种植密度对他们有显著的影响。  相似文献   

12.
Little is known about the effect of fertilization on the P uptake of sunflowers. A 42 factorial trial with 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 and 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg P ha−1 was conducted over three years. The P content and concentration of leaves, stems and capitula were determined at three growth stages. High N levels increased the P content and concentration of all plant components in early growth stages only. High P levels increased the P content and concentration of all plant components sharply almost throughout. Plants seem to recover some lost growth towards the end of the season so that at physiological maturity there are no significant differences in P content among N levels. The translocation of P from the stems is very effective but P can accumulate in the leaves if a luxury quantity of P is present in the plants. In terms of seed yield a significant N × P interaction was found, indicating a sharp response to both N and P only in the presence of a sufficient quantity of the other element. The response of seed yield was in agreement with the P absorption by the plants.  相似文献   

13.
种植密度对油菜机械收获关键性状的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
李小勇  周敏  王涛  张兰  周广生  蒯婕 《作物学报》2018,44(2):278-287
油菜机械化生产中, 茎秆倒伏和角果开裂是引起产量损失的主要因素。为探究密度对油菜机械化关键性状的影响, 以中双11、华油杂9号为材料, 设置4个密度(15万株 hm-2、30万株 hm-2、45万株 hm-2和60万株 hm-2), 测定产量构成、倒伏指数及抗裂角指数相关指标。结果表明, (1)不同密度下, 群体有效角果数, 每角粒数差异显著, 2个品种产量均在45万株 hm-2时最大; (2)随密度增加, 油菜根颈粗变细, 茎秆倒伏指数增加, 增加了倒伏风险; 在低密度(15万株 hm-2和30万株 hm-2)下, 茎秆临近冠层部位最易倒伏, 在高密度(45万株 hm-2和60万株 hm-2)下, 茎秆中部及中部偏上部位倒伏指数较大, 即与低密度相比, 高密度油菜茎秆倒伏发生部位降低; (3)分枝抗裂角指数均小于主茎抗裂角指数, 且随分枝高度降低呈先增加后降低趋势。不同品种油菜主茎抗裂角指数对密度响应存在差异: 中双11随密度增加逐渐降低, 在15万株hm-2下最大, 华油杂9号则随密度增大呈先增后降趋势, 在30万株 hm-2下最大。角果发育初期至成熟期含水量下降速率与抗裂角指数极显著负相关, 且相关系数最大, 表明该指标是密度影响抗裂角指数的最关键因素。  相似文献   

14.
Caused by the necessarily imperfect seed placement accuracy of sowing machines and, additionally, caused by many other biotic and abiotic factors, the resulting plant stands exhibit nonregular spatial distributions of its plants. Based on several simplifying assumptions, a stochastic approach is developed which allows an estimation of the effects of nonregular spatial patterns on yield per area. In this approach, two random variables are attached to each plant: single plant yield E and individual space A . The latter is estimated by the area of Thiessen polygons. Yield per area, calculated by the expectation of the ratio E/A , can be approximately expressed dependent on the means ( Ē and Ā ) and coefficients of variation ( v E and v A ) of E and A and their correlation ( r EA ). In relation to the commonly used estimate Ē/Ā for yield per area, one obtains yield decreases if v A / v E  <  r EA . This inequality, however, will be usually valid in the field of applications. The theoretical approaches and results were applied to three experimental data sets for drilled seeds of winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) (plant density: 60 plants m−2, row distance: 10 cm). These data sets are characterized by different accuracies of longitudinal distributions within rows (58 %, 101 %, 150 %): yield depression increases with an increasing variability of plant distances within rows.  相似文献   

15.
Undersowing a main crop enables establishment of a catch crop in areas characterized by a short post-harvest period before the onset of winter. Techniques with lower costs than conventional undersowing by separate drilling are often regarded as unreliable. Undersowing by drilling after sowing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was compared with broadcast sowing simultaneously with drilling barley. Various implements were coupled behind the combined drill in cases where seed was broadcast: a press-wheel attachment, a long-tined harrow and a cage roller. A fourth treatment did not include an implement coupled behind the drill. The undersown crop was sown as a seed mixture of 3 kg ha–1 red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and 6 kg ha–1 meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Hudson). The numbers of plants and weeds and the plant height were measured five times during the growing season. Above-ground biomass of the undersown species was determined at barley harvest and in late autumn. Grain yield of spring barley was recorded. Drilling resulted in the highest yield of undersown crop when an early summer drought occurred, but broadcasting in combination with use of seed covering equipment led to the least variation in biomass production over the 4 years the experiment was conducted. The relative proportion of meadow fescue in the crop was low in three years, and lower when broadcast than when drilled. Barley grain yield was highest when the seed was broadcast and seed covering equipment was used. Use of a cage roller increased weed biomass, but press-wheels and a long-tined harrow did not. Separate rolling after undersowing increased undersown crop yield in one year, but decreased grain yield in some cases.  相似文献   

16.
Field beans of indeterminate (cv. Nadwiślański) and determinate (cv. Tibo) growth habits were grown on field plots with a density of 20, 40 and 80 plants m−2 at two levels of nitrogen fertilization: low (20 kg N ha−1) and very high (150 kg N ha−1). At the phase of intense pod growth the number and the dry matter weight of root nodules as well as their nitrogenase activity and some features of the plants growth were determined, and in the period of ripeness the components of seed yield were established.
It was found that increased density of sowing as well as the high level of nitrogen fertilization inhibited the growth and development of root nodules and limited their nitrogenase activity in both cultivars. Plants of both varieties were characterized by a similar potential of forming the root nodules, however, in plants of the cv. Tibo the nitrogenase activity of nodules was much lower than in the cv. Nadwiślański.
Increased population density of the plants has in both varieties given increased seed yield when calculated per m2 of the soil, compensating in excess the depression of the seed yield from one plant. Such compensation did not occur in the case of the depression of nitrogen fixation under intense nitrogen fertilization.  相似文献   

17.
The first step in the biological control of plant diseases is to determine whether antagonistic microorganisms can colonize successfully the plant rhizosphere soil. Bacillus Z-5 was isolated from cotton plant soil and showed a significant biocontrol effect on cotton Verticillium wilt. The strain Z-5 was marked with resistance to rifampicin and pathogenic fungi. A Z-5 mutant strain that could stably grow in 300 μg·mL-1 rifampicin NA medium and had wild-type antagonistic activity against pathogen fungi, colony morphology, and cell morphology was selected. The marked strain Z-5 was used to treat cotton seeds by seed soaking, seed dressing, and soil drench. The number of Z-5 cells in cotton plant root soil, roots, stems, and leaves was tested using dilution on rifampicin plate after different periods. The result showed that the number of antagonistic bacteria of soil drench group in cotton plant root soil was 49.72×104 cfu·g-1, while seed soaking and seed dressing groups yielded about 0.49×104 and 2.07×104 cfu·g-1. The number of antagonistic bacteria of the soil drench group in cotton plant roots was 4.93×104 cfu·g-1, while the seed soaking and seed dressing group yielded 4.12×104 and 3.29×104 cfu·g-1.The number of antagonistic bacteria of the soil drench group in cotton stems was 1.32×104 cfu·g-1, while the seed soaking and seed dressing group yielded 0.17×104 and 0.74×104 cfu·g-1. The number of antagonistic bacteria of soil drench group in cotton leaves was 0.27×104 cfu·g-1, while seed soaking and seed dressing group yielded 0.17×104 and 0.22×104 cfu·g-1. These results showed that the Z-5 strain could effectively colonize cotton roots soil and that in vivo , the soil drench group showed a better colonization effect by the strain Z-5 than the seed soaking and seed dressing group.  相似文献   

18.
Rape plants were labelled by applying (NH4)235SO4 to soil. Changes in content of 35S in various constituents in pods and grains were determined during siliquae development to exploit formation and accumulation of glucosinolates in oilseed rape. Content of 35S in glucosinolates expressed as μmol S/g.d.w. and its relative amounts in extractable forms in young siliquae were in constant level within one week after flowering, but either absolute content or relative content of 35S in glucosinolates increased largely by two weeks after flowering, thereafter the distribution of extractable 35S in glucosinolates of siliquae and grains increased linearly as proceeding of its development, 35S in extracts of grains almost was in form of glucosinolates after 8 weeks from flowering. Amounts of both 35S in glucosinolates and dry matter per pod increased linearly with time after flowering. According to the changes of amounts of 35S in other constituents per pod, it could be supposed that glucosinolates accumulated in seeds might be transported from other organs together with nutrients.  相似文献   

19.
套作条件下种植密度对紫色甘薯干物质生产的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了研究川中丘陵区旱地套作条件下种植密度对紫色甘薯干物质生产的影响,在与玉米套作条件下,以鲜食型紫色甘薯品种‘南紫薯008’为材料,设置5个种植密度,测定紫色甘薯叶面积指数、群体生长率、群体光合势、干物质积累、产量等指标。结果表明：在套作条件下,随着种植密度的增加,‘南紫薯008’群体叶面积指数有升高的趋势,群体生长率、群体光合势、商品薯率、干物质率、鲜薯产量、淀粉产量均呈先升后降的趋势,而单株结薯数、单株薯鲜重则下降,群体干物质积累量和T/R则随生育期的推进不同密度间表现有所差异。公顷种植密度在3.5×104~4.0×104株时,群体干物质积累量、鲜薯产量、淀粉产量和商品薯率均较高。套作条件下‘南紫薯008’最高鲜薯产量为11816.9 kg/hm2,约为其净作产量的42.6%~53.1%。川中丘陵区旱地套作条件下紫色甘薯适宜的种植密度为3.5×104~4.0×104株/hm2。  相似文献   

20.
以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了5个播期（4月25日、5月2日、5月9日、5月16日及5月23日）和4个种植密度（3.75×104、4.50×104、5.25×104、6.00×104株/hm2）条件下向日葵干物质转运及产量变化。结果表明：随着播期的推迟,向日葵各生育期均缩短,播期对向日葵出苗至开花阶段影响较大,对开花至成熟阶段影响较小。成熟期植株干物质积累量在不同密度下的均值依次为4.50×104>3.75×104>6.00×104>5.25×104株/hm2。随种植密度的增加单盘粒重逐渐降低,产量逐渐增加。籽仁率在播期5月16日、密度5.25×104株/hm2处理下达最大,为74.09%;百粒重及产量在播期5月2日、密度6.00×104株/hm2处理下达最大,分别为8.76g、6859.00kg/hm2;单盘粒重在播期5月23日、密度3.75×104株/hm2处理下达到最大,为138.14g。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号