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植物抗寒相关功能与调控基因研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
低温是严重影响农业生产的重要因素之一,尤其是在高海拔的冷凉地区。近年来随着抗寒基因工程的发展,有关植物抗寒性的研究得到了很大的进展。本研究从抗寒相关的功能基因和调控基因两方面入手,归纳了就近几年国内外关于植物的抗寒相关功能基因（冷诱导基因、脂肪酸去饱和代谢关键酶基因和抗氧化酶基因等）和调控基因（AP2/EREBP、NAC、MYB、WRKY和bZIP转录因子）并提出了展望,以期为人们进一步认识和利用植物抗寒相关基因提供参考,为植物抗寒机理的研究和植物抗寒育种提供依据,期望随着研究的深入能够培育出多抗寒性植物新品种。 相似文献
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一、茶树抗寒育种研究动态随着人民生活水平的提高,茶叶已成为多数人日常生活中的饮料,茶叶消费量日渐增多。种茶的面积日渐扩大,出现北方茶区迫切要求抗寒性强的茶树品种,因而对茶树育种工作者提出一个重要的问题——选育抗寒性强的优良品种。从六十年代以来,国内外不少茶树育种工作者根据茶树不同的遗传特性,选育抗寒茶树品种。日本乌屋尾忠之(1977)曾研究抗寒茶树的基因型和表现型,认为茶树叶子抗寒性是由多基因支配的,杂交后代呈常 相似文献
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低温是影响油菜生产和产量最重要的非生物逆境胁迫因子。为了阐明油菜抗寒性的遗传基础并定位相关的数量性状位点,利用甘蓝型油菜强抗寒GZ恢和弱抗寒10B杂交获得的147个F_2单株为定位群体、以双亲及F2∶3家系为辅助研究材料,利用SSR分子标记结合生理学指标及自然条件下抗寒性调查对抗寒基因QTL进行初步定位。结果表明:630对SSR引物中有160对在双亲间具有多态性,多态率25.40%;160对多态性引物中有102对在F_2群体中有多态性,多态率63.75%,102对多态性引物共检测出多态性位点229个。102个SSR标记构建连锁图,图谱总长974.70 c M,平均距离为5.70 c M。在自然越冬条件下,对F2及F2∶3家系的抗寒性及叶片相对电导率、组织相对含水量、SPAD值、丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定,分析生理指标与抗寒性的相关性,结果呈显著或极显著相关,表明这些指标可以作为抗寒性评价的参考指标。共定位出5个与抗寒性相关的QTL位点,SPAD值与MDA含量2个指标之间检测到的QTL具有重叠区,这可能是由一因多效或基因紧密连锁引起,可以作为后续分析候选基因的1个热区。为进一步进行甘蓝型油菜抗寒性状相关基因的精细定位及克隆奠定了基础理论。 相似文献
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果树抗寒性生理生化及分子机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(5)
随着果树产业规模的扩大,研究者们在果树方面的研究也取得一定成绩,但是近年来的特殊气候条件严重制约着果树产业的发展。果树的抗寒性与基因特性和低温胁迫有关,其抗寒能力因果树种类、品种的不同以及环境适应性差异而呈现出不同的表现趋势。果树抗寒性的生理生化研究以细胞膜系统、抗氧化系统及渗透物质等方面为基础进行探索,并结合其抗寒分子机理、遗传育种的研究工作进行综合分析,其目的在于为果树的抗寒性研究、抗寒品种的选育提供参考。 相似文献
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木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是热带地区重要的粮食和能源植物,关于木薯的分子生物学研究对栽培品种的遗传改良和性状优化具有积极的理论指导意义。本研究以木薯基因组数据库为基础,Gateway誖技术为主要手段,克隆了木薯剪接因子SR蛋白(MeSRs)家族18个成员,进行生物信息学分析和亚细胞定位。通过氨基酸序列同源性分析将其分为6类;蛋白理化性质分析表明,由于富含带正电荷的Arg残基,SR蛋白均为亲水的碱性蛋白。通过在烟草叶表皮细胞中表达GFP融合蛋白,发现全部18个基因都具有位于细胞核中的荧光信号,表明木薯SR蛋白是核定位蛋白。本研究为后续深入探究木薯剪接因子SR蛋白家族基因功能及选择性剪接的调节机制提供科学帮助。 相似文献
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低温是影响观赏植物推广应用的主要限制因素,因此研究观赏植物抗寒性调控改良方法对观赏植物的应用有重要意义。影响观赏植物抗寒性的因素主要包括低温、光照和光周期、水分等外部环境条件,观赏植物自身的遗传基因、生长速率和发育水平等内部因素。传统采用选种育种、抗寒锻炼和抗寒砧木等农林栽培手段培育抗寒性观赏植物;后出现施用外源物质等化学手段培育抗寒性观赏植物;以及随着分子生物学的发展,利用基因工程手段对观赏植物抗寒性进行遗传改良。本研究从观赏植物在低温胁迫下的响应机制出发,对调控和改良观赏植物抗寒性的研究进行了总结,以期为未来观赏植物抗寒性改良研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
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随着基因组学的发展，利用大量的序列信息鉴定和克隆抗旱相关基因以改良作物的生产性能具有重要意义。作物抗旱性属数量遗传，其数量性状位点的鉴定是分子标记辅助选择改良作物抗旱性的基础。笔者就作物抗旱基因鉴定及相关功能基因组学的最新进展作系统的介绍，并探讨了今后作物抗旱性研究发展方向 相似文献
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产学研结合培养广西木薯产业专业技术人才的思考 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
木薯生产是广西一大优势产业,占全国木薯种植面积的60%,产量占全国的70%。木薯是优质的淀粉作物,又是一种重要的生物质能源作物。随着广西木薯产业的迅速发展,培养木薯产业专业技术人才已成为木薯产业企业发展的重点需求。实践证明,产学研结合教育是当今高等教育发展的必然趋势,是促进企业、高校和科研院所有机结合,培养高素质专业技术人才的有效途径。通过产学研结合,可改善学校人才培养模式,提高人才培养质量和就业竞争力,为木薯产业培养出高素质木薯产业专业技术人才,促进木薯产业的大力发展。 相似文献
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广西木薯产业化发展对策 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
木薯是广西一种重要的经济作物,其用途很广,经济价值较高,特别是中国加入WTO后,蔗糖业生产遭受巨大冲击的情况下,木薯生产将成为广西重要的支柱产业,成为广西经济发展的新的增长点。广西气候、土壤适于木薯生长,木薯生产具有明显的自然优势,木薯耐旱耐瘠,生产成本相对较低,广西木薯年种植面积23~28万hm2,占全国木薯种植总面积的60%,然而,广西木薯产业化发展也有一些问题有待解决,主要是加工业发展滞后,木薯品种单一、老化,生产布局不甚合理、栽培管理粗放等;因此,广西木薯产业化发展必须大力发展木薯加工业,特别是深加工业,提高木薯生产的经济效益,选育、推广高产高粉木薯良种,改进木薯栽培技术,建立健全木薯种植、加工标准化技术体系,科学处理木薯加工“三废”,解决环境污染问题。 相似文献
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Elizabeth Balyejusa Kizito Anton Bua Martin Fregene Thomas Egwang Urban Gullberg Anna Westerbergh 《Euphytica》2005,146(1-2):45-54
Summary Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a tropical crop that is grown in Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia. Cassava was introduced from Latin America
into West and East Africa at two independent events. In Uganda a serious threat to cassava's survival is the cassava mosaic
disease (CMD). Uganda has had two notable CMD epidemics since the introduction of cassava in the 1850s causing severe losses.
SSR markers were used to study the effect of CMD on the genetic diversity in five agroecologies in Uganda with high and low
incidence of CMD. Surprisingly, high gene diversity was detected. Most of the diversity was found within populations, while
the diversity was very small among agroecological zones and the high and low CMD incidence areas. The high genetic diversity
suggests a mechanism by which diversity is maintained by the active involvement of the Ugandan farmer in continuously testing
and adopting new genotypes that will serve their diverse needs. However, in spite of the high genetic diversity we found a
loss of rare alleles in areas with high CMD incidence. To study the effect of the introgression history on the gene pool the
genetic differentiation between East and West Africa was also studied. Genetic similarities were found between the varieties
in Uganda and Tanzania in East Africa and Ghana in West Africa. Thus, there is no evidence for a differentiation of the cassava
gene pool into a western and an eastern genetic lineage. However, a possible difference in the genetic constitution of the
introduced cassava into East and West Africa may have been diminished by germplasm movement. 相似文献
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水分胁迫对不同木薯品种叶片生理生化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
木薯作为一种重要的亚热带粮食/能源作物,备受重视。为了探索水分胁迫对不同木薯品种的影响,对3个木薯栽培品种进行了不同梯度的干旱处理,利用相关及判别分析方法研究其相关生理生化指标与木薯抗旱性的关系。结果表明,随着水分胁迫强度的增加,不同木薯品种Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低,测试品种中SC124降低幅度最大,SC5变化最小;ABA含量则有所增强,变化幅度因供试品种而异,SC124变化最为显著,SC5增强幅度最小。本次测试的木薯3个品种的抗旱能力显示,SC5相对较耐干旱,SC124相对不耐干旱。 相似文献
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为了对巴西木薯种质资源进行遗传多样性、亲缘关系和群体遗传结构分析,本研究利用了7946个SNPs和1997个InDels分子标记,通过ADMIXTURE软件进行群体结构分析、GCTA软件进行主成分分析。结果显示,巴西木薯被划分为9个亚群。这与利用PHYLIP进行的聚类分析结果大概一致,其中亚群1、亚群2、亚群4、亚群6和亚群8能较好地分别聚在一起,而其他亚群中的样品大致能聚在一起,且样品间有一定的交叉。巴西木薯种质资源遗传多样性指数(0.274)高于中国、尼日利亚等,其中巴西木薯亚群5具有相对较高的遗传多样性水平(0.29)。巴西木薯各亚群的群体遗传分化程度较低(群体分化指数在0.03~0.15之间),但高于中国木薯种质资源的群体分化指数。各木薯材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.084~0.297,平均遗传距离为0.228。本研究结果可为后续关联分析发掘优良等位基因及引种提供依据。 相似文献
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SUN Qian ZOU Mei-Ling ZHANG Chen-Ji JIANG Si-Rong Eder Jorge de Oliveira ZHANG Sheng-Kui XIA Zhi-Qiang WANG Wen-Quan LI You-Zhi 《作物学报》1962,47(1):42-49
As a typical tropical crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, high biomass and so on. In addition to being used for food and forage, it can also be used for production, processing and starch extraction. Due to highly heterozygous cassava genome, breeding is more difficult. Enriching the genetic diversity of cassava germplasm, comprehensively evaluating its genetic background and traits, and discovering superior alleles that control excellent traits are of great significance for cassava breeding in the future. In order to analyze the genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure of cassava germplasm in Brazil, 7946 SNPs and 1997 InDels molecular markers were used. Population structure analysis was performed by ADMIXTURE software, and principal component analysis was performed by GCTA software. Brazilian cassava was divided into nine subgroups, and was roughly consistent with the results of cluster analysis using PHYLIP. Among them, subgroup 1, subgroup 2, subgroup 4, subgroup 6, and subgroup 8 could be clustered together respectively, while the samples of other subgroups could be roughly clustered, and there was a certain cross between the samples. The genetic diversity of cassava germplasm in Brazil (0.274) was higher than the genetic diversity level of cassava germplasm in China and Nigeria. Subgroup 5 of Brazil cassava had a relatively high genetic diversity (0.29). The genetic differentiation of subgroups was low (the genetic differentiation vary from 0.03 to 0.15), but higher than domestic cassava germplasm. The genetic distance between cassava accessions varied from 0.084 to 0.297, with the average of 0.228. The results of this study can provide a basis for subsequent association analysis to identify great alleles and introduction. 相似文献
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中国木薯产业化的发展研究与对策 总被引：45，自引：2，他引：45
hnhjcn@yahoo.com.cn 《中国农学通报》2006,22(5):421-421
(1中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州 571737;
2中国农业大学生物质工程中心,北京 100094) 相似文献
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H. P. Kulembeka M. Ferguson L. Herselman E. Kanju G. Mkamilo E. Masumba M. Fregene M. T. Labuschagne 《Euphytica》2012,187(2):277-288
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is an economically important virus disease causing significant losses to cassava root yield and quality in east, central and southern Africa. Breeding for resistance in cassava requires an understanding of the underlying genetic control of CBSD resistance. Sources of CBSD resistance are available but little is known on the value of those varieties as parents for CBSD resistance breeding. Two resistant and two susceptible varieties were crossed in a half diallel design and 35 F1 progeny from each of the six families, plus parents, were screened at two locations in a randomised complete block design with four replications in warm sub-humid environments of coastal Tanzania in 2008. Screening for CBSD field resistance was done using disease severity scoring on a scale of 1–5. Significant variations in disease severity were observed for crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) at both locations. The CBSD shoot symptom severity scores ranged from 1 to 4.4 while root necrosis ranged from 1.3 to 4.5. The contribution of GCA to the total sum of squares of crosses for disease scores ranged from 86.9 to 95.2 % compared to SCA that ranged from 4.8 to 14.2 %. Additive gene effects were more important than non-additive effects indicating that CBSD resistance is genetically determined and that selection should be successful to improve resistance. Selection of parents with good GCA effects will be important for success in CBSD resistance breeding. 相似文献
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Cassava cultivars often have poor resistance to biotic stresses and lack good quality traits. Wild species of cultivated crops
have frequently been used as an important source of genetic diversity. Cassava breeders are becoming increasingly interested
in incorporating genes of wild relatives. In 2000 the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) initiated a programme
to introgress genes for several root yield and quality traits from wild cassava relatives into its germplasm collection. The
objectives of this study were to evaluate one resulting inter-specific cross with high variability for dry matter content
(DMC) and to assess the effect of such a cross on other yield related traits. Crossing of the elite cultivar MTAI 8 to the
wild relative Manihot tristis increased the percentage DMC above the normal average of about 35%, with percentage DMC ranging from 34.39 to 42.73. The
crosses, however, were accompanied by some detrimental effects, most noticeable the reduction in harvest index (HI). It is
apparent that when selecting for DMC, caution should be taken and HI and fresh root yield should be monitored. Regression
analysis singled root weight, percentage DMC and fresh root yield out as the most important contributors to dry root yield.
Principal component analysis indicated that root weight, roots per plants and DMC contributed most to storage root yield. 相似文献
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Cassava is an important food security crop in the developing world, as it is adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions
including marginal semi-arid agro-ecologies. Cassava is a starchy staple and the storage roots of commercial cassava cultivar
are very low in protein content (0.5–2%, dry weight basis). A diet predominantly based on cassava, as is the case in several
sub-Saharan countries, could lead to malnutrition, especially in young children over time. A wild progenitor of cassava, Manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia have been found to have high root protein content, up to 18% (dry weight basis) and is excellent source of genetic variability
for this important trait. Accessions of M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia with high storage root protein content were crossed with commercial cassava cultivars. High content of storage root protein
ranged from 2.87 to 11.25% could be recovered in the F1 progenies. The F1 families had an average dry matter content of 29.6%. These F1 interspecific hybrids would be an entry point for improvement of cassava storage root protein content. A brief discussion
of the strategy to be followed is presented. 相似文献