共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 921 毫秒
1.
通过模拟土壤气相抽提技术（Soil Vapor Extraction,SVE）通风处理甲苯、乙苯、正丙苯混合污染的黄棕壤,研究了不同通风流量、不同土壤含水率、间歇通风等因素对目标污染物去除率的影响。结果表明,通风流量和含水率是影响去除率的重要因素。当柱径14 cm、土壤粒径为10目连续通风时,最佳通风流量为0.15 L.min-1,最佳含水率约17.98%条件下,甲苯、乙苯、正丙苯的去除率分别为99.84%、99.45%、98.25%,总挥发性有机物（Total VOCs,TVOCs）去除率达到了99.30%,且优于间歇通风;含水率为6.01%、24.73%时,TVOCs的去除率仅为63.03%、89.03%,表明含水率过高或过低都不利于VOCs的去除;苯环上支链越长,分子量越大,沸点越高,越难以被脱附去除,反之亦然,表明有机物的分子结构和大小也是影响通风效果的重要因素。 相似文献
2.
研究温度、光照周期以及盐度对刚毛藻生长的影响,以确定其最适应的生长环境。在实验室智能光照培养箱的培养环境下,用单因子实验研究不同温度、不同光照周期以及不同盐度对刚毛藻生长的影响。结果表明:刚毛藻最适温度条件为19.9~24.9℃,在温度为14.9℃和29.9℃时,刚毛藻生长速度较为缓慢,但依旧可以正常生长。当温度达到4.9℃时,刚毛藻出现负生长现象;刚毛藻在没有光照的条件下无法生存,但是当有光照的情况下,即使从来都没有接触到黑暗的环境,它都可以自然生长,当光照周期为12L∶12D时,其生长速度最快;而盐度对刚毛藻生长速度的影响虽然很显著,但刚毛藻对盐度的适应范围极其广泛,其在盐度为10‰~45‰的条件下均可以正常生长。 相似文献
3.
在荣成天鹅湖刚毛藻暴发和非暴发区域分别采集沉积物进行室内加藻模拟试验,定期监测上覆水的溶解氧（DO）、pH、化学需氧量（COD）和可溶性磷（SRP）等指标的变化,并分析了刚毛藻分解对沉积物磷释放的影响。结果表明,避光培养过程中,刚毛藻分解使上覆水体的DO含量大幅降低,形成厌氧环境（0~0.14 mg.L-1）;COD含量则明显增加,各处理最大值变化在0.59~6.93 mg.L-1之间。刚毛藻分解可明显促进沉积物中磷的释放,培养期间上覆水SRP的含量大幅上升,变幅为0.01~1.51 mg.L-1;暴发区沉积物＋10 g藻和沉积物＋30 g藻处理的最大释磷量分别为沉积物处理的2.06倍和1.91倍。不同湖区沉积物磷的释放能力存在较大差异,暴发区沉积物的释磷量明显高于非暴发区,沉积物释放是前者上覆水磷含量增加的主要来源,而在非暴发区藻类分解释放的磷高于沉积物中释放的磷。 相似文献
4.
为研究绿狐尾藻湿地对不同污染负荷养殖废水氮去除效应和影响因素,该研究在野外建立了9条表面流绿狐尾藻湿地,以低负荷（60 L/d废水+120 L/d清水）、中负荷（120 L/d废水+60 L/d清水/d）和高负荷（180 L/d废水）养殖废水为处理对象,研究了不同污染负荷下绿狐尾藻湿地水体氮素时间变化规律;结合线性混合模型,进一步探究了影响绿狐尾藻湿地氮去除的关键环境因子。结果表明,整个试验期间（2014-07－2015-05）,绿狐尾藻湿地对低、中、高负荷废水铵氮（NH4+-N）和总氮（Total Nitrogen,TN）去除率均较高,其中NH4+-N平均去除率为85.0%～98.6%,TN平均去除率为83.6%～97.1%。线性混合模型分析结果表明,影响绿狐尾藻湿地NH4+-N去除的关键环境因子是水体溶解氧和硝态氮以及底泥NH4+-N含量,其中水体溶解氧对绿狐尾藻湿地NH4+-N去除影响最大。由于绿狐尾藻湿地对不同污染负荷废水NH4+-N和TN去除率均达到80.0%以上,因此绿狐尾藻可作为耐铵植物处理高负荷养殖废水。该研究结果可为绿狐尾藻湿地在规模养殖场的实际应用提供参考。 相似文献
5.
为探索影响林冠截留量各因素的主次关系,利用灰色系统理论,对重庆市缙云山不同类型天然林地内影响林冠截留量的因素进行了灰关联分析。不同植被类型的林冠截留能力大小依次为:针阔混交林>阔叶林>毛竹林。对于毛竹林,各因素对林冠截留量影响的大小顺序依次为:降雨强度>降雨量>气温>风速>空气湿度;对于针阔混交林,各因素影响大小依次是:降雨量>气温>风速>空气湿度>降雨强度;对于阔叶林,各因素影响大小依次是:降雨强度>降雨量>气温=风速>空气湿度。影响毛竹林、针阔混交林和阔叶林林冠截留量的主要是降雨过程,蒸散过程对针阔混交林林冠截留量起着重要作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
苹果中有机氯农药残留的超声波去除条件优化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国是世界苹果第一生产大国,但中国苹果出口仅占世界贸易量的不足10%,其主要制约因素是安全性,其中农药残留是主要原因之一。论文采用响应曲面法对超声波去除苹果中有机氯农药残留的工艺条件（功率、时间、温度）及其交互作用进行了优化,并就超声波处理对苹果主要品质指标的影响进行了分析。结果表明：超声波去除苹果中有机氯农药残留的适宜工艺参数为：超声波功率为609.16 W,时间为70.46 min,温度为15.45℃,去除率可达到64.32%;超声波处理对苹果的硬度没有显著性影响;对苹果的总糖、总酸具有一定的显著性影响,但没有超出国家标准及主要出口国苹果标准的要求。超声波处理简单快速,能有效去除苹果中有机氯农药的残留,极大提高苹果的安全性,很容易和现有鲜果清洗、分级、打蜡生产线耦合链接,其产业化应用前景极为广阔。 相似文献
8.
多年生漂浮植物对富营养化水体的响应及净化效果研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了喜旱莲子草、穗状狐尾藻、黄花水龙3种植物在富营养化水体中的生长响应及对水体的净化效果.结果表明,试验确定了穗状狐尾藻最佳生长阈值:N 0.05～0.1 mg/L,P 0.01～0.02 mg/L;黄花水龙:N 0.1～0.2 mg/L,P 0.005～0.01 mg/L.试验结果进一步确定了穗状狐尾藻、黄花水龙阈值氮磷比例范围分别为2 :1～10:1,10: 1～20:1.在试验第35 d时,穗状狐尾藻对总氮、总磷和叶绿素a去除率分别达到了90.5%,88.0%,90.0%,效果最佳;黄花水龙对NO_3~-N、NH_4-N去除效果最好.分别为85.0%,43.5%.对水体中氮的去除主要是微生物和植物吸收共同作用完成.试验进行到35 d时,所用供试植物体内最大积累量占水体初始总氮量的10.36%,仅占水体氮去除的一小部分;通过有植物处理和无植物处理(即对照)对水体中营养盐去除效果的比较得出:3种供试植物对水体氮代谢微生物有正激发效应.而对磷代谢微生物均有负激发效应. 相似文献
9.
该研究选用肥壮蹄形藻（Kirchneriella obesa）为试验藻种,以秸秆过滤后牛场废水与BG11培养基的混合物为微藻培养液,在前期单因素试验基础上研究废水添加比、光照强度、光照时间和通气量对微藻干重、氨氮去除率、总磷去除率和Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)去除率的交互影响,通过Central Composite Design (CCD)中心组合试验得到了相应的影响模型。试验结果表明牛场废水培养肥壮蹄形藻的最优工艺条件为：废水添加比例26%、光照强度9 028 lx、光照时间21.5 h、通气量2.0 L/min。该研究采用优化工艺,在14d的培养周期末期,肥壮蹄形藻的干重达到了1.141g/L,废水中氨氮去除率、总磷去除率和COD去除率分别达到了99.65% 、99.15%、85.83%,响应值指标的预测值和实际值误差均在2%以内。各因素对目标值的交互作用关系为：废水添加比例和光照时间对肥壮蹄形藻干重的交互作用较强,废水添加比例和通气量对肥壮蹄形藻培养液中氨氮去除率、总磷去除率和COD去除率均具有较强的交互作用,而光照强度和光照时间仅对总磷去除率具有较强的交互作用。该研究为牛场废水培养微藻的工业化生产提供了理论参考。 相似文献
10.
为深入了解路基边坡土壤侵蚀过程及其影响因素,以位于鄂西南的湖北沪蓉西高速公路恩施至利川段公路路基边坡作为研究对象,在天然降雨条件下进行土壤侵蚀观测,对路基边坡土壤侵蚀的主导因子进行分析判断.结果表明,影响土壤侵蚀量的最主要因素是降雨过程,总体上降雨量、降雨历时和降雨强度对土壤侵蚀量产生的影响较为接近;在坡度较缓的坡面,降雨量的影响大于降雨强度,而在坡度较陡的坡面,降雨强度的影响大于降雨量;在以时间为变化序列的因素中,对土壤侵蚀的影响大小顺序依次为:降雨>土壤含水量>植被覆盖度;土壤侵蚀量与坡长、坡度均不存在显著相关关系,与坡长相比,土壤侵蚀量对坡度的变化更为敏感. 相似文献
11.
Tae Hwan Jun Min Ji Kim Sungyoun Kim Young Hwa Jung Hak-Ryong Moon Kwang-Soo Kim 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(3):110
Activated carbon-coated electrode was developed and applied in electrostatic precipitator to remove volatile organic compound gases simultaneously with dust particles from a contaminated air. The activated carbon coating mixture was made up of powdered activated carbon (AC), carbon black (CB), and polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and methanol was added as a solvent to control the thickness of the mixture for best coating performance. During the coating process, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface decreased to 86% of the original AC while pore volume percentages of macro pore increased, compared to micro- and meso-sized pores. The adsorption isotherm of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) gases onto the original AC and AC coating mixture (AC thoroughly mixed with PVA and methanol for coating and powdered again after dry) were tested and compared to each other, and it was found that both isotherm were best fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm with the order of adsorption capacities; ethyl benzene?>?m-xylene?>?toluene?>?benzene. The difference between adsorption capacities was clearer with the absorbent AC but became little with the AC coating mixture. In removing BTEX at increasing linear velocities up to 6.7 cm/s, it appeared that the surface area of AC electrode was directly proportional to its removal rate of BTEX. The thermal desorption was applied to regenerate the AC electrode, and 200 °C was found to be most efficient for benzene desorption, but higher temperature would be required for entire BTEX gases desorption. 相似文献
12.
Aleksander Maria Astel Luigi Giorgini Andrea Mistaro Italo Pellegrini Sergio Cozzutto Pierluigi Barbieri 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2013,224(4):1-17
Normative regulations on benzene in fuels and urban management strategies are expected to improve air quality. The present study deals with the application of self-organizing maps (SOMs) in order to explore the spatiotemporal variations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene levels in an urban atmosphere. Temperature, wind speed, and concentration values of these four volatile organic compounds were measured after passive sampling at 21 different sampling sites located in the city of Trieste (Italy) in the framework of a multi-year long-term monitoring program. SOM helps in defining pollution patterns and changes in the urban context, showing clear improvements for what concerns benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene concentrations in air for the 2001–2008 timeframe. 相似文献
13.
The recovery of light hydrocarbon constituents from three soils using three kinds of extraction methods, conducted in duplicates, was evaluated. Higher molecular weight compounds were recovered at greater than 80% whereas the recoveries of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were generally less than 50%. Using the most efficient extraction procedure, the average recovery of light hydrocarbon from a soil, was 78%. Increased soil moisture content decreased the extent of recovery. Methanol and 2-propanol showed similar extracting potential for light hydrocarbon from soil. The rate of hydrocarbon removal was faster when methanol was used as a solvent, but its efficiency was similar to 2-propanol. The batch and column extraction methods gave very similar results for both solvents. However, column extraction offered an advantage over the soxhlet and batch procedures by reaching equilibrium faster. 相似文献
14.
Volatile organic compounds in the ambient air were measured at four locations in Rousse, Bulgaria for a one year period. A gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer equipped with a cryogenic concentrator was used to analyse the air samples. Forty one compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons and halogen-derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) were analysed by EPA method TO-14. Aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, styrene, isomers of xylene and isomers of trimethyl benzene were the most frequently occurring pollutants. Styrene, isomers of xylene and isomers of trimethyl benzene frequently exceeded the concentration limits. Among the halogen derivatives, the concentration of chloroform was always very high. A concept called ‘degree of pollution’ was proposed to clarify the contribution of each pollutant to the total air-pollution. Suggestions were made on the need to introduce an integral tolerance parameter to describe the total impact on air-pollution. 相似文献
15.
Catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (BTE) on virgin zeolite, nZnO-coated zeolite, with and without UV?+?O3, at 300 °C bed temperature was investigated using laboratory experiments. The coating was done at three weight ratios of Zn (estimated Zn content in nZnO) to zeolite (0.2:1.0, 0.5:10, 1.0:1.0). The coated adsorbents were examined by scanning electron microscopy, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller analyses. In the catalytic oxidation experiments, the adsorbents were first saturated with BTE by purging an air stream containing a mixture of BTE at 5 ppm each for 28 min. Introduction of UV?+?O3 on the coated 13X zeolite (0.5:1.0) bed improved the average removal efficiency (RE) of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (with inlet concentration of 5 ppm each) to 68.7, 90.0, and 99.6%, respectively, from the corresponding values of 57.3, 79.9, and 98.5% when no UV?+?O3 was used. An increase in the coating weight ratio from 0.2:1.0 to 0.5:1.0 had produced a higher RE for benzene only, while a further increase to 1.0:1.0 witnessed a decrease in RE for all three compounds, and more for benzene. Avg RE of BTE decreased with the increase in their inlet concentrations, more significantly for an increase from 5 to 50 ppm and less noticeable for a further increase to 100 ppm. The final oxidation products and intermediate products in the outlet streams from the oxidation and thermal desorption were analyzed which showed predominant compositions of CO2 followed by BTE and some levels of CO and other volatile organic compounds. 相似文献
16.
The prediction of the time and the efficiency of the remediation of contaminated soils using soil vapor extraction remain a difficult challenge to the scientific community and consultants. This work reports the development of multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models to predict the remediation time and efficiency of soil vapor extractions performed in soils contaminated separately with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. The results demonstrated that the artificial neural network approach presents better performances when compared with multiple linear regression models. The artificial neural network model allowed an accurate prediction of remediation time and efficiency based on only soil and pollutants characteristics, and consequently allowing a simple and quick previous evaluation of the process viability. 相似文献
17.
The analysis and control of volatile hydrocarbon concentrations (e. g. benzene) during oil bioassays
Larry P. Atkinson William M. Dunstan Joseph G. Natoli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1977,8(2):235-242
It is well known that volatile hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, which are abundant in many refined oils, affect phytoplankton growth. However, experiments to determine these effects in many cases have been improperly designed resulting in questionable conclusions. Experiments presented in this paper indicate that ambient benzene concentrations reported in the published literature may be lower than stated by an order of 10 to 100. By continuous monitoring the benzene concentration decrease was observed and it was possible to determine whether the loss was due to degassing because of loose closures or biological uptake. Unless tight closures are used benzene is quickly lost to the atmosphere (exponential decay rate ≌ 1.2d -1). Experiments demonstrated that benzene is quickly lost from cotton stoppered bioassay flasks that are typically used. Rubber stoppered flasks with little gaseous headspace showed minimum benzene loss. Biological uptake of benzene can be demonstrated when closures are secure and the effect of certain concentrations on growth can be correctly interpreted. Benzene concentrations above 10 to 20 ppm significantly reduce the growth rate of Skeletonema sp. The benzene concentration decreased quickly in 10 to 20 ppm benzene solutions implying metabolic uptake. These experiments indicate that proper closures and analysis of the volatile pollutant concentration during bioassay experiments increase the likelihood of correct interpretation and may yield additional insights into the causation factors. 相似文献
18.
The widespread use of unconventional drilling involving hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) has allowed for increased oil-and-gas extraction, produced water generation, and subsequent spills of produced water in Colorado and elsewhere. Produced water contains BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) and naphthalene, all of which are known to induce varying levels of toxicity upon exposure. When spilled, these contaminants can migrate through the soil and contaminant groundwater. This research modeled the solute transport of BTEX and naphthalene for a range of spill sizes on contrasting soils overlying groundwater at different depths. The results showed that benzene and toluene were expected to reach human health relevant concentration in groundwater because of their high concentrations in produced water, relatively low solid/liquid partition coefficient and low EPA drinking water limits for these contaminants. Peak groundwater concentrations were higher and were reached more rapidly in coarser textured soil. Risk categories of “low,” “medium,” and “high” were established by dividing the EPA drinking water limit for each contaminant into sequential thirds and modeled scenarios were classified into such categories. A quick reference guide was created that allows the user to input specific variables about an area of interest to evaluate that site’s risk of groundwater contamination in the event of a produced water spill. A large fraction of produced water spills occur at hydraulic-fracturing well pads; thus, the results of this research suggest that the surface area selected for a hydraulic-fracturing site should exclude or require extra precaution when considering areas with shallow aquifers and coarsely textured soils. 相似文献
19.
E. D. Schroeder J. B. Eweis D. P. Y. Chang J. K. Veir 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,123(1-4):133-146
Biodegradation of two recalcitrant compounds, dichloromethane and methyl tert-butyl ether was investigated individually and in combination with toluene and benzene. A vapor phase biofilter operating at an air flux of 1 m3/m2·min and an empty bed residence time of 1 minute was used as the reaction system. Inlet recalcitrant contaminant concentrations were typically 35 ppm on a volume basis while the aromatic compound concentrations were varied from 8 ppm to 150 ppm. Dichloromethane removals were not impacted by the introduction of toluene. However, a rapid decrease in methyl tert-butyl ether removal resulted from the initial introduction of toluene. Complete removal of both methyl tert-butyl ether and toluene was achieved within a week of operation. 相似文献