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1.
A high‐resolution consensus linkage map of Triticum monococcum was assembled from two separate maps involving domesticated, feral and wild einkorn wheat accessions. The genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach based on DArTseq markers yielded overstretched maps. Deleting all markers with missing data and then converting dubious singletons to missing data produced two maps of about 1,380 cM, close to the published genome size. The consensus map spanned 1,562 cM, had one bin mapped every 0.92 cM and showed only one gap > 10 cM. Chromosome length varied between 151 cM (chromosome 4) and 270 cM (chromosome 7). The consensus map was compared to other A‐genome maps, and the sequences of genetically mapped DArTseq were used to anchor contigs of the T. monococcum, T. urartu and T. aestivum draft genomes based on sequence homology to assess colinearity and to assign mapped markers to the seven chromosomes of the bread wheat A‐genome. Finally, an in silico functional characterization of the sequences was performed. This high‐resolution map will facilitate QTL and association analysis and assist the genome assembly of the einkorn genome.  相似文献   

2.
Diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum L, AmAm) is an ideal material for induced mutations which can be easily characterized and transferred to polyploid wheats. The EMS-induced brittle culm mutants, brc1, brc2, and brc3 used in the present investigation, were isolated from T. monococcum. All the brittle mutants had brittle roots, leaves, leaf sheaths, culms, and spikes, and were also susceptible to lodging. The mutants had 47–57% reduced α-cellulose in the secondary cell walls than that of T. monococcum indicating that all of them had defective synthesis of cellulose. All the mutants were monogenic recessive. Bulk segregation analysis of the mutants, using Am genome anchored SSR markers in their F 2 populations with T. boeoticum, located the mutants, brc1, brc2, and brc3 on chromosome 6A, 3A, and 1A of T. monococcum, respectively. Molecular analysis of the putatively linked markers showed that brc1 mapped on chromosome 6AS between Xbarc37 and Xbarc113 markers, brc2 on chromosome 3AL between Xcfd62 and Xcfa2170 markers whereas brc3 mapped on chromosome 1AL between Xgwm135 and Xwmc470 markers. Isolation and mapping of three different brittle culm mutants in wheat for the first time shows that there might be many more genes in wheat which affect synthesis and deposition of cellulose.  相似文献   

3.
I. Leonova    A. Borner    E. Budashkina    N. Kalinina    O. Unger    M. Röuder  E. Salina 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(1):93-95
The tetraploid wheat Triticum timopheevii Zhuk (AtAtGG) is known as a source of genes determining resistance to many diseases. An introgressive line 842, with durable resistance to leaf rust was established by crossing T. aestivum cv. ‘Saratovskaya29’ with T. timopheevii ssp. viticulosum and used for mapping leaf rust resistance genes. Molecular analysis of the line 842 with polymorphic microsatellite markers detected introgressions of T. timopheevii into the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of common wheat. Transloca‐tion breakpoints of introgressed fragments were localized between the markers Xgwm95 and Xgwm817 on chromosome 2A, as well as Xgwm1128 and Xgwm1067 on chromosome 2B. Linkage analysis demonstrated the association of disease resistance at the seedling stage with chromosome 2A. The gene was found to be linked with marker Xgwm817 at a genetic distance of 1.5 cM. The alien leaf rust resistance gene was temporarily designated as lrTt1.  相似文献   

4.
W. Sodkiewicz 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(4):287-295
Four hexaploid triticale lines were crossed as females with a T. monococcum×S. cereale amphiploid (AmAmRR), with the aim of introducing the genetic material of diploid wheat. F1-plants (AmABRR)were back-crossed with a parental form of 6×-triticale as male and progenies were subjected to four different types of pollination with the aim of finding the optimal one in respect to gradual stabilization of introgressive hexaploid karyotypes. Beginning with BC1-plants, a strong tendency to decrease the somatic chromosome number was observed. In subsequent generations this was accompanied by the decrease of seed germination and plant fertility. Both of these characters showed statistically significant dependence on somatic chromosome number variation which was analyzed in BC1/F2 and BC2 populations. Based on spike fertility, an effective selection pressure was applied to restitute the hexaploid chromosome number. In the BC1/F4 generation, the first morphologically uniform secondary hexaploid lines were selected. 11.4% of the lines showed a non-waxy spike — a morphological marker transmitted from T. monococcum.  相似文献   

5.
S. S. Maan  K. A. Lucken 《Euphytica》1970,19(4):498-508
Summary Male-sterile plants of reduced vigor were obtained by substitutingT. aestivum and/orT. durum genomes into the cytoplasm ofT. boeoticum, T. monococcum and amphidiploidT. boeoticum-A. squarrosa. Apparent segregation for plant vigor occurred even in advanced generations of the following backcross progenies:T. boeoticum/12*T. durum, T. monococcum/10*T. durum, T. boeoticum/2*T. durum//7*T. aestivum, amphidiploidT. boeoticum-A. squarrosa/6*T. durum and amphidiploidT. boeoticum-A. squarrosa/8*T. aestivum. Highly fertile F1 hybrids of normal vigor were obtained from crosses of A lines of common wheat in the cytoplasm of amphidiploidT. boeoticum-A. squarrosa orT. timopheevi with R lines having male fertility restoring factors fromT. boeoticum, T. boeoticum-A. squarrosa andT. zhukovskyi. Apparently, vigor-genes complemented the male fertility restoring genes to produce fertile hybrids of normal plant vigor in the crosses amphidiploidT. boeoticum-A. squarrosa/6*T. aestivum, Chris//amphidiploidT. boeoticum-A. squarrosa/T. durum/T. aestivum, Chinese Spring, andT. zhukovskyi/3*T. aestivum, Justin F8 R lines.Published with the approval of the Director, North Dakota State Agricultural Experiment Station, as Journal Article No. 231Associate Professors of Agronomy.  相似文献   

6.
A disease (powdery mildew, leaf rust) resistant line was selected from the progenies of a Triticum aestivum × Triticum timopheevii amphiploid produced at Martonvásár. This line was previously identified with C-banding as a 6G(6B) substitution. In order to detect the 6G chromosome in a wheat background, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microsatellite marker analysis were used. Ten microsatellite markers of the 43 tested generated PCR products that were polymorphic between chromosomes 6B and 6G, and four showed length-polymorphism. The FISH hybridization pattern of 6G from T. timopheevii was identified using a combination of four repetitive DNA probes (Afa-family, pSc119.2, pTa71, (GAA)7). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique, capable of labelling the At and G genomes separately, was used on the same slides to differentiate the At and G genomes in T. timopheevii. The At and G genomes of T. timopheevii were grouped on the basis of the GISH patterns and a cyclic intergenomic translocation involving 6At-1G-4G was detected in T. timopheevii accession TRI667. The presence of 6G in the substitution line was demonstrated using FISH with the four repetitive DNA probes. Chromosome 6G was clearly identified and its FISH pattern was different from that of 6B in the parental wheat cultivar Fleischmann-481. According to field tests, the 6G(6B) substitution line has resistance to leaf rust.  相似文献   

7.
Liguleless phenotypes of wheat lack ligule and auricle structures on all leaves of the plant. Two recessive genes principally control the liguleless character in tetraploid wheat. The F2 progenies of k17769 (liguleless mutant)/Triticum dicoccoides and k17769/T. dicoccum segregated in a 15:1 ratio, whereas the F2 progenies of k17769/T. durum and k17769/T. turgidum segregated in a 3:1 ratio. A new gene, lg3, was found on chromosome 2A. Segregation of F2 progenies between k17769 and chromosome substitution lines for homoeologous group 2 chromosomes suggested that the liguleless genotype had occurred by mutation at the lg3 locus on chromosome 2A, and then by mutation at the lg1 locus on chromosome 2B, in the process of domestication of tetraploid wheat. The gene (lg1) was linked to Tc2 (11.9 cM), which determines phenol colour reaction of kernels, on the long arm of chromosome 2B. The distance of lg1 to the centromere was found to be 60.4 cM, and microsatellite mapping established the gene order, centromere – Xgwm382 – Xgwm619 – Tc2 – lg1 on the long arm of chromosome 2B.  相似文献   

8.
The spikes of club wheat are significantly more compact than spikes of common wheat due to the action of the dominant allele of the compactum (C) locus. Little is known about the location of C on chromosome 2D and the relationship between C and to other spike-compacting genes. Thus, a study was undertaken to place C on linkage maps and a chromosome deletion bin, and to assess its relatedness to the spike compacting genes zeocriton (Zeo) from barley and soft glume (Sog) from T. monococcum. Genetic mapping was based on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the cultivars Coda (club) and Brundage (common) and F2 progeny from a cross between the club wheat Corrigin and a chromosome 2D substitution line [Chinese Spring (Ae. tauschii 2D)]. The C locus was flanked by Xwmc144 and Xwmc18 in the RIL population and it was completely linked to Xcfd116, Xgwm358 and Xcfd17 in the F2 population. C could not be unambiguously placed to a chromosome bin because markers that were completely linked to C or flanked this locus were localized to chromosome bins on either side of the centromere (C-2DS1 and C-2DL3). Since C has been cytogenetically mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2D, we suspect C is located in bin C-2DL3. Comparative mapping suggested that C and Sog were present in homoeologous regions on chromosomes 2D and 2Am, respectively. On the other hand, C and Zeo, on chromosome 2H, did not appear to be orthologous.  相似文献   

9.
Y. Xu  S. Li  L. Li  X. Zhang  H. Xu  D. An 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):276-283
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance with additive, epistatic and QTL × treatment interaction effects at seedling stage in wheat were identified. A set of 131 recombinant inbred lines derived from cross Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 were evaluated under salt stress and normal conditions. Wide variation was found for all studied traits. A total of 18 additive and 16 epistatic QTLs were detected, among which five and 11 were with significant QTL × treatment effects. Ten QTL clusters were identified, and each may represent a single gene or closely linked genes. The locus controlling shoot K+/Na+ concentration ratio and shoot Na+ concentration on chromosome 5A may be identical to Nax2. The interval Xgwm6‐Xgwm538 on chromosome 4B for total dry weight was also identified in a previous study, both near the marker Xgwm6. The marker Xgwm6 may be useful for marker‐assisted selection. Six pairs of homoeologous QTLs were detected, showing synteny among the A, B and D genomes. These results facilitate understanding the mechanisms and the genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat.  相似文献   

10.
Triticum monococcum, the diploid A genome species, harbours enormous variability for resistance to biotic stresses. A spring type T. monococcum acc. 14087 was found to be resistant to Heterodera avenae (cereal cyst nematode, CCN). A recombinant inbred line population (RIL) developed by crossing this accession with a CCN susceptible T. boeoticum acc. 5088 was used for studying the inheritance and map location of the CCN resistance. Based on composite interval mapping two QTL, one each on chromosome 1AS and 2AS, were detected. The QTL on 1A, designated as Qcre.pau-1A, appeared to be a major gene with 26% contribution to the overall phenotypic variance whereas the QTL on 2A designated as Qcre.pau-2A contributed 13% to total phenotypic variation. Qcre.pau-1A is novel, being the only CCN resistance gene mapped in any ‘A’ genome species and none of the other known genes have been mapped on chromosome 1A. The QTL Qcre.pau-2A might be allelic to Cre5, a CCN resistance gene transferred from Ae. ventricosa and mapped on 2AS. The Qcre.pau-1A was transferred to cultivated wheat using T. durum cv. PBW114 as the bridging species. Selected CCN resistant F8 lines showed introgression for the molecular markers identified to be linked with CCN resistance locus Qcre.pau-1A. Thus, this gene alone could impart complete resistance against CCN. These introgression lines can be used for marker-assisted transfer of Qcre.pau-1A to elite wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

11.
A novel gene, designated Pg (purple glume), controlling anthocyanin pigmentation of the glume was identified and mapped in an F2 population from the durum wheat (Triticum durum) cross TRI 15744/TRI 2719. This gene was close to one of the two complementary dominant genes, controlling anthocyanin pigmentation of the pericarp (gene Pp3) in the centromere region of chromosome 2A; the other Pp gene (Pp1) was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 7B, near gene Pc controlling anthocyanin pigmentation of the culm and co-segregating with Pls (purple leaf sheath) and Plb (purple leaf blade). On the basis of the mapping results, the Pp3, Pc, Pls and Plb genes of T. durum were regarded as allelic to the T. aestivum Pp3, Pc-B1, Pls-B1 and Plb-B1 loci. The likely allelism of Pp1 in T. durum and T. aestivum remains in dispute, the present durum Pp gene mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7B, whereas in common wheat it was reportedly located on the long arm.  相似文献   

12.
This study was conducted to determine the genetic control of resistance to loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici race T33 in two durum recombinant inbred line populations (DT662 × D93213 and Sceptre × P9162-BJ08*B) and to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance. Resistance in both populations was controlled by single genes. Two SSR markers were linked with loose smut resistance in the Sceptre × P9162-BJ08*B population. In DT662 × D93213, two AFLP, two wheat SSRs and one SCAR markers were linked to resistance. The SCAR marker, 3.2 cM distal to the smut resistance locus (Utd1) on chromosome 5BS, accounted for up to 64% of the variability in disease reaction; the other markers were proximal to Utd1 at genetic distances ranging from 5.9 to 35.9 cM. SSR markers Xgwm234 and Xgwm443 segregated in both crosses suggesting a common resistance gene. The SCAR and SSR markers can be used effectively for marker assisted selection to incorporate loose smut resistance into durum cultivars.  相似文献   

13.
S. S. Maan 《Euphytica》1977,26(3):601-613
Summary Triticum aestivum L. em Thell. (2n=42; AABBDD), and T. durum Desf. (2n=28; AABB) genomes were substituted into the cytoplasms of Aegilops mutica Boiss. (2n=14; MtMt), Ae. heldreichii Holzm. (2n=14; MM), Ae. uniaristata Vis. (2n=14; MuMu), and Ae. ovata L. (2n=28; CuCuMoMo), to identify the M-genome diploid cytoplasm donor of Ae. ovata. Substitution of the T. durum genome into Ae. uniaristata cytoplasm resulted in a large proportion of shriveled inviable seeds. A few plump viable seeds were obtained all of which produced male-sterile plants having one univalent or telocentric chromosome from Ae. uniaristata. The T. aestivum plants having Ae. uniaristata or Ae. mutica cytoplasms were fertile. However, Ae. mutica was similar to Ae. ovata in the induction of delayed maturity and tall robust growth habit to the T. durum and T. aestivum plants. Cytoplasms of the other C- and M-genome diploids Ae. umbellulata Zhuk. (2n=14; CuCu) and, Ae. heldreichii (2n=14; MM) earlier had been shown to differ from that of Ae. ovata. Therefore, Ae. mutica is the most likely cytoplasm and M-genome donor to Ae. ovata.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Intergeneric crosses between Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum (2n=42, AABBVV), and Psathyrostachys huashanica (2n=14, N h N h ) were made, the seed set was 1.67%. Intergeneric hybrid were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture for first time. The average chromosome pairing in the hybrid (ABVN h ) was 26.61% univalents, and 0.69 bivalents. The chiasmata per cell was 0.69. The chiasmata was higher than that in Triticum durum dihaploid (AB), and lower than that in T. durum-Dasypyrum villosum trihaploid (ABV). The result indicated that the N h genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica has no homology with the V genome of Dasypyrum villosum, and the A and B genomes of Triticum durum. The coenocytism, micronuclei cell and variation in chromosome numbers were also observed. The F1 hybrid was crossed with Triticum aestivum (AABBDD), and resulted in seed set. The hybrid of T. durum-D. villosum amphidiploid x P. huashanica showed partial fertility. It made the possibility for chromosome manipulation among Triticum aestivum, Dasypyrum villosum and Psathyrostachys huashanica.  相似文献   

15.
Development of wheat–alien translocation lines has facilitated practical utilization of alien species in wheat improvement. The production of a compensating Triticum aestivum–Thinopyrum bessarabicum whole‐arm Robertsonian translocation (RobT) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6Eb of Th. bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, EbEb) through the mechanism of centric breakage–fusion is reported here. An F2 population was derived from plants double‐monosomic for chromosome 6D and 6Eb from crosses between a DS6Eb(6D) substitution line and bread wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’ (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) as female parent. Eighty F2 genotypes (L1–L80) were screened for chromosome composition. Three PCR‐based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers specific to chromosomes 6D and 6Eb were used for screening the F2 plants. One plant with a T6EbS.6DL centric fusion (RobT) was identified. A homozygous translocation line with full fertility was recovered among F3 families and verified with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the DS6Eb(6D) substitution line and T6EbS.6DL stock have higher Fe and Zn contents than the recipient wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’.  相似文献   

16.
A novel photoperiod response gene, designated Ppd-B2, was mapped to wheat chromosome arm 7BS, using a set of lines carrying various segments of 7BS from the early flowering breeding line ‘F26-70 7B’ in a background of the variety ‘Favorit’. The gene was 4.4 cM distal of the microsatellite locus Xgwm0537 and 20.7 cM proximal to Xgwm0255. In contrast to the well-characterized Ppd-1 genes, which require short days for expression, Ppd-B2 was detected when plants were exposed to a long photoperiod. The accelerated flowering produced by Ppd-B2 was correlated with increased grain protein content.  相似文献   

17.
Triticum turgidum ssp. polonicum and T. ispahanicum were characterized by the long glume phenotype. P 1 gene determines the long glume phenotype of T. polonicum, and locates on chromosome 7A. T. ispahanicum has shorter glume than T. polonicum and the long glumephenotype is determined by P 2 gene located on chromosome 7B. In the present study, aneuploid stocks of `Langdon' durum wheat were used to map the genes, P 1 and P 2. P 1 located on the long arms of chromosome 7A and its map distances from the centromere was 14.5 cM. On chromosome 7B, four loci located as cc (chocolate black chaff) – Pc (purple culm) – centromere – P 2 – cn-BI (chlorina). P 2 located on the long arms of chromosome 7B and its map distances from the centromere was 11.7 cM. It was suggested that a paralogous gene set conditions long glume phenotype in the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes. The P 1 and P 2 genes may be useful as genetic markers in tetraploid wheat.  相似文献   

18.
Rosielle  A. A. 《Euphytica》1972,21(1):152-161
Summary Seven and a half thousand wheat varieties, including over 2,000 durums, were screened for resistance to Septoria tritici under conditions of artificial inoculation in the field. From this screening, 460 varieties were selected on the basis of resistance and earliness and were subject to more detailed observation.Selected varieties were tested in the field with two replications under both natural and artificial epidemic conditions. The agreement between varietal scores in the two replications and under the two conditions was good; 91–94% of varieties showing consistent disease scores. The correlation coefficient between varietal scores for the natural epidemic and the artificial epidemic conditions was 0.63***.A number of the very early maturing varieties of T. aestivum showed good resistance as measured by pycnidial production but exhibited extensive leaf necrosis. This reaction was not observed in later varieties and in accessions of T. durum.Varieties of Triticum durum were typically more resistant than varieties of T. aestivum. Thirty-four varieties of T. aestivum and 266 varieties of t. durum showed a consistent expression of resistance. A list of these 34 accessions of T. aestivum and selected accessions of T. durum is provided, along with agronomic data.  相似文献   

19.
Glaucousness is a visual trait related to the colour of the photosynthetic surface and hence it can be easily selected. It is associated both with the deposition and orientation of wax platelets on the cuticle of the photosynthetic surface. It is known that the glaucous leaf character is determined by the W1 gene, and Iw1 and Iw1 DIC genes from Triticum dicoccoides, which act as an epistatic inhibitor to a glaucousness. The aim of the present study was to map W1, Iw1 and Iw1 DIC from T. dicoccoides in the short arm of chromosome 2B of tetraploid wheat. Segregation of F2 populations of three hybrids indicated that the marker Xgwm455 is linked with and distal to Iw1 (16.7 cM), two markers are tightly linked with W1, and Iw1 DIC is linked with Xgwm614 and Xwmc661 distally located on chromosome 2BS. From three derived maps, it is suggested that Iw1 DIC locus is different from W1. We discuss the difference between Vir and Iw1 DIC from T. dicoccoides.  相似文献   

20.
The distribution of hybrid necrosis genes in aboriginal wheats of Middle Asia (Tadzhikistan, Kyrghyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan) was studied. Necrotic genotypes were identified in 154 samples including 147 samples of Triticum aestivum, six samples of T. compactum, and one T. antiquorum sample. The absence of the Ne2 gene in this region was shown. About 43.5% of the samples examined were of the Ne1ne2 genotype, while 56.5% of samples had the genotype ne1ne2. The frequency of the Ne1 gene in T. aestivum from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan was higher than in Tadzhikistan and Kyrghyzstan (χ 2 = 13.9; d.f. = 1). The height above sea level had no impact on Ne1 frequencies in cultivated wheats. No correlation between the frequencies of Ne1 and lg genes was revealed. It was suggested that the Middle Asia is a secondary route of wheat distribution from its primary center of origin.  相似文献   

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