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1.
为了改善戈壁羊体型小、尾型大的特性,引入呼伦贝尔短尾羊作为父本,采用引入杂交的育种方式,对其开展杂交选育研究。通过对早期生长发育对比分析发现,戈壁羊和F1代、F2代羔羊0-3月龄的早期生长发育规律一致,从2月龄以后,杂交F2代羔羊的生长发育快于F1代和戈壁羊羔羊;通过计算0-3月龄平均日增重,戈壁羊和F1代、F2代羔羊的平均日增重分别为121.189、138.978、170.133 g,说明F2代羔羊的生长发育速度最快,戈壁羊羔羊最慢;最后通过对比3月龄的体尺和尾型发现,F2代羔羊的体高、体长、胸围均显著大于戈壁羊羔羊,F2代3月龄羔羊的尾长和尾宽分别为7.596 0 cm和7.268 1 cm,且显著小于戈壁羊羔羊。研究结果说明用呼伦贝尔短尾羊杂交改良戈壁羊,可有效地增大戈壁羊的体型,减小尾型,杂交效果显著。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨呼伦贝尔羊巴尔虎品系（半椭圆状尾）和短尾品系（小桃状尾）脂肪沉积差异的分子机制。随机选择处于相同饲养管理条件下5月龄呼伦贝尔母羊21只（其中巴尔虎品系11只、短尾品系10只）,测量其体尺、尾型和胴体重指标。组织切片观察8个部位脂肪细胞的形态,测定脂肪组织甘油三酯（TG）含量,并进一步用实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪代谢相关基因在不同脂肪组织中的表达差异。结果显示,同月龄两品系羊胴体重、体尺及尾型指标差异显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）。虽然两品系羊同一部位的脂肪细胞形态基本一致,但巴尔虎品系尾部脂肪细胞面积和体积均大于短尾品系（P<0.01）,并且皮下、网膜和尾部脂肪组织中的TG含量在两品系羊间差异显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）。ATGL、PPARγ、C/EBPα和SREBP 4个脂代谢相关基因在巴尔虎品系个体中的mRNA水平均显著或极显著高于短尾品系（P<0.05;P<0.01）;巴尔虎品系中ATGL和SREBP基因的表达与TG含量分别呈显著负相关和正相关（r=-0.965、0.972）。综上所述,两个呼伦贝尔羊品系在生长和脂肪代谢等方面存在较大差异。本研究结果可为进一步深入解析绵羊脂尾形成的分子机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代的脂尾形态特征以及脂尾大小对体尺指数的影响。以216只饲养条件相同、体况良好的75日龄野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代为研究对象,计算脂尾性状的变异系数,再根据脂尾性状采用R语言K-mean聚类分析方法对野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代进行分析,研究脂尾的分离分化情况,并用SPSS 19.0对回交二代各类型脂尾羊的7个体重体尺指数（体重、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数、体躯指数、肢长指数和胸指数）进行差异比较分析。结果发现,根据聚类分析结果可将野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代分为4个类型：小尾型、中尾型、大尾型和肥尾型;肥尾型体长指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,大尾型体躯指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,大尾型和肥尾型胸围指数、胸指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,各尾型间的体重、管围指数、肢长指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,回交二代的脂尾出现了性状分离,脂尾越大其体型越大,但体重无明显变化;结合野生盘羊与巴什拜羊的体型外貌特征及生产性能的特点,大尾型和肥尾型在体型上更趋近于巴什拜羊,小尾型则在尾型上更趋近于野生盘羊。 相似文献
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Hossein Zakariapour Bahnamiri Mahdi Ganjkhanlou Abolfazl Zali Mostafa Sadeghi Hossein Moradi Shahrbabak Gholam Ali Nehzati Paghaleh 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):427-435
Fat‐tailed sheep breeds can tolerate periods of negative energy balance without suffering from elevated concentration of plasma non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA). This ability was attributed to unique metabolism of fat‐tailed adipose depot, whereas role of liver as an influential organ in fatty acid metabolism was not evaluated yet. Hence, current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of negative and positive energy balances on liver expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism in fat‐tailed and thin‐tailed lambs. Lambs experienced negative (21 days) and positive (21 days) energy balances and were slaughtered at the beginning and end of negative energy balance and at the end of positive energy balance. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐Q‐PCR) was conducted to evaluate changes in gene expression. Expression of diglyceride acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) was not affected by genotype, energy balance and their interaction. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) was significantly higher in liver of fat‐tailed comparing to thin‐tailed lambs regardless of energy balance (p < 0.02). Catalase mRNA abundance was increased in response to negative energy balance (p < 0.02), and severity of this enhancement was higher in fat‐tailed lambs (p < 0.06). Expression of CPT1 was positively correlated with expression of HMGCS2 in both fat‐tailed (p < 0.05) and thin‐tailed lambs (p < 0.002); however, the correlation was weaker in fat‐tailed lambs (0.72 vs. 0.57, respectively, for thin‐tailed and fat‐tailed lambs). There was a positive correlation between DGAT1 and APOB genes expression in fat‐tailed lambs (0.94; p < 0.001), whereas this correlation was not observed in thin‐tailed lambs. Results demonstrate that liver of fat‐tailed lambs has higher capacity for metabolism of mobilized NEFA exposed to liver during negative energy balance. 相似文献
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为了和田多胎红羊(暂用名)类群未来的扩群发展,对和田多胎红羊公羊及母羊体重与体尺的相关关系进行了研究,旨在为今后和田多胎红羊的选育及生产提供理论依据.试验随机选取100只成年公羊及100只成年母羊,测量其体重(y)、体高(x1)、体斜长(x2、胸围(x3)、管围(x4)、脂尾长(x5)、脂尾宽(x6)、脂尾厚(x7),... 相似文献
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通过对比不同尾椎数的蒙古绵羊群体在基因组上的遗传分化水平,对全基因组选择信号、蒙古羊尾长性状的相关基因及可能的突变位点进行检测,试图解析尾椎形成的分子机制。基于全基因组重测序数据,使用两组群间的遗传分化系数(Fst)和遗传多样性比率(pi ratio)检测尾椎选择信号,将Fst值和pi ratio较大的染色体区段作为受选择候选区域。结果表明,共找到76个选择区域,这些区域分别落在了尾脂肪沉积和骨骼发育的QTL上,进一步对这些候选区域所包含的63个基因进行基因功能及通路的注释分析,富集到骨骼再生相关的Wnt和FGF信号通路,同时发现LRP6等功能候选基因。该研究确定了与尾椎数相关的受选择区域,推测不同尾椎数蒙古绵羊群体的形成可能由非基因编码区域的一个或者多个突变造成。 相似文献
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在内蒙古草原牧区,冬季对绵羊补饲精喂的研究具有重要的意义。为研究产羔前对母畜舍饲精料后,呼伦贝尔短尾羊体重、体尺及经济效益的变化,本研究选取60对待产的呼伦贝尔短尾母绵羊作为试验对象,在母畜产羔前一个月,试验组母畜舍饲精料,对照组仅补饲干草,分析100日龄内家畜体重、体尺及经济效益变化。利用方差及偏最小二乘回归法,分析产前补饲对家畜个体、生产效益的影响及影响家畜体重的主要体尺权重,结果显示,100 d时间段内,母畜体重呈先减少后增加的趋势;仔畜出生后一个月左右的时间段,试验组仔畜的胸围、胸宽、体高、胸深、体长和体斜长显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。影响呼伦贝尔短尾羊体重的主要体尺指标为:胸围、胸宽、体高和胸深,影响权重达到50%以上。补饲使得仔畜的成活率、出售价格显著高于未进行补饲的对照组(P<0.05)。通过补饲母畜不仅可以影响仔畜体重和体尺指标,而且对提高仔畜成活率和经济效益具有重要的作用,这为今后后备母羊的选育、家畜的精准淘汰提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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[目的]了解内蒙古部分地区放牧牛羊弓形虫病感染情况。[方法]采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对阿拉善盟及呼伦贝尔市随机采集的286份放牧牛羊血清样本进行弓形虫抗体检测。[结果]绵羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率为1.68%,其中,阿拉善盟阳性率为4.84%,呼伦贝尔市阳性率为0.56%;经统计学分析,两个地区的绵羊血清弓形虫抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05);牛血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率为0。[结论]内蒙古主要牧区放牧绵羊存在弓形虫感染,应引起足够的重视,并制定相应的弓形虫病防治措施。 相似文献
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Maryam Nosrati Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei Zeinab Amiri Ghanatsaman Ali Esmailizadeh 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):358-364
Ovulation rate and prolificacy are the most important reproductive traits that have major impact on the efficiency of lamb meat production. Here, we compared the whole genomes of the Romanov sheep, known as one of the high prolific breeds, and four other sheep breeds namely Assaf, Awassi, Cambridge and British du cher, to identify genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep. Selection signature analysis revealed 637 and 477 protein‐coding genes under positive selection from FST and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistics, respectively. Further analysis showed that several candidate genes including LEPR, PDGFRL and KLF5 genes are involved in sheep prolificacy. The identified candidate genes in the selected regions are novel and provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep and can be useful in sheep breeding programmes to develop improved breeds for high reproductive efficiency. 相似文献
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Genome‐wide association study for carcass traits,fatty acid composition,chemical composition,sugar, and the effects of related candidate genes in Japanese Black cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nanae Sasago Tsuyoshi Abe Hironori Sakuma Takatoshi Kojima Yoshinobu Uemoto 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):33-44
We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and candidate gene analysis to: (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the GWAS in our small population by performing GWAS for carcass weight (CW) and fatty acid composition; (ii) detect novel candidate regions affecting non‐CW carcass traits, chemical composition and sugar; and (iii) evaluate the association of the candidate genes previously detected in CW and fatty acid composition with other economically important traits. A total of 574 Japanese Black cattle and 40 657 Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used. In addition, candidate gene analyses were performed to evaluate the association of three CW‐related genes and two fatty acid‐related genes with carcass traits, fatty acid composition, chemical composition and sugar. The significant regions with the candidate genes were detected for CW and fatty acid composition, and these results showed that a significant region would be detectable despite the small sample size. The novel candidate regions were detected on BTA23 for crude protein and on BTA19 for fructose. CW‐related genes associated with the rib‐eye area and fatty acid composition were identified, and fatty acid‐related genes had no relationship with other traits. Moreover, the favorable allele of CW‐related genes had an unfavorable effect on fatty acid composition. 相似文献
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Genome‐wide association studies reveal additional related loci for fatty acid composition in a Duroc pig multigenerational population 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Shuji Sato Yoshinobu Uemoto Takashi Kikuchi Sachiko Egawa Kimiko Kohira Tomomi Saito Satoshi Miyashita Shinji Arata Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1482-1490
The aim of the present study was to detect quantitative trait loci affecting fatty acid composition in back fat and intramuscular fat in a Duroc pig population comprising seventh‐generation pedigrees using genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). In total, 305 animals were genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) array and five selected SNPs from regions containing known candidate genes related to fatty acid synthesis or metabolism. In total, 24 genome‐wide significant SNP regions were detected in 12 traits, and 76 genome‐wide suggestive SNP regions were detected in 33 traits. The Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 7 at 10.3 Mb was significantly associated with C17:0 in intramuscular fat, while the SSC9 at 13.6 Mb was significantly associated with C14:0 in intramuscular fat. The SSC12 at 1.0 Mb was significantly associated with C14:0 in back fat and the SSC14 at 121.0 Mb was significantly associated with C18:0 in intramuscular fat. These regions not only replicated previously reported loci containing some candidate genes involved in fatty acid composition (fatty acid synthase and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase) but also included several additional related loci. 相似文献
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为推广优良品种在高寒牧区成为优势种,我们选纯种欧拉型藏羊为父本,青海藏羊和小尾寒羊为母本,经A、B、C三组杂交、培育和试验结果表明：杂种羔羊出生重：A组为4.3 kg,B组为3.7 kg,C组为4.4 kg,对照组分别0.8、0.7和1.2 kg,A、B、C三组初生重与对照组间差异极显著（P＜0.01）,C组初生重最大;12月龄杂种羊的胴体重与对照组比,欧x寒藏组提高率达109%,欧x寒组提高率为88%,欧x藏组提高率为60%,与对照组比较均差异极显著（P＜0.01）;欧拉杂一代成年公羊体重比青海藏羊高9.5%、母羊高7.2%;比小尾寒羊公体重高4.2%、母羊高5.8%;肉质中高能量、高蛋白、低脂肪和低胆固醇等特性数值仍在上升,且氨基酸含量更为丰富。 相似文献
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为研究断奶后对家畜舍饲精喂饲料,呼伦贝尔羊中的"短尾品系"(简称呼伦贝尔短尾羊)日增重的变化,选取家庭牧场植被相似的典型牧户,典型牧户家畜数量为400只母羊和400只羔羊。试验采取与牧民合作的形式进行控制性试验,以全年传统自由放牧为对照组,哺乳期断奶后舍饲精喂饲料加自由放牧为控制组。结果表明:舍饲使得羔羊日增重差异性显著(P<0.05),公羔的平均日增重最大可达210.8±8.48 g·d-1。不同月龄母畜对舍饲精喂的显著性差异表现不同,其中18个月以上月龄的母羊日增重差异性显著,且月龄越大,差异越显著。舍饲使得不同月龄段的母羊之间日增重差异性显著,12个月龄以下的母畜日增重最大,达到126.26±5.23 g·d-1。因此断奶后对家畜舍饲精喂饲料对家畜个体生产性能的提高具有重要的促进作用。 相似文献
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南阳牛生长性状相关基因组区域全基因组关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在筛选和鉴定与南阳牛生长性状相关的基因组区域和候选基因,从而更好地了解牛生长性状的遗传机制。试验共采集71头南阳牛母牛血样并提取基因组DNA,利用SLAF-seq（specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing）技术获得全基因组SNP标记并对试验个体基因型进行分型。对每头个体初生重及不同月龄（6、12、18、24、36）的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围和坐骨端宽及每6个月体增重等生长性状进行全基因组关联分析;获得显著相关的基因组区域后,对其中基因进行功能注释以筛选候选基因。结果显示,共获得141 755个筛选后的SNPs,通过全基因组关联分析鉴定出5个分别与12月龄体重（8号染色体：17 320 634~17 347 720 bp）、12月龄胸围（2号染色体：15 063 190~15 155 309 bp）、24月龄体斜长（11号染色体：60 727 342~81 425 987 bp）、36月龄坐骨端宽（14号染色体：15 635 762~15 643 272 bp）和12~18月龄体增重（26号染色体：40 456 192~40 456 477 bp）等生长性状显著相关的基因组区域（LOD≥6.35）。通过对5个基因组区域内的186个基因进行功能注释,共筛选得到11号染色体上的8个基因（BMP10、IFT172、SDC1、TCF23、TRIM54、RAB1A、VPS54和GDF7）与骨生长、肌肉发育和生长调控有关,建议其可优先作为牛生长性状相关候选基因进行进一步验证。 相似文献
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试验旨在探究CLPG(Callipyge)与MSTN(Myostatin)基因作为绵羊生长性状候选基因的可能性,调查与绵羊生长性状相关的分子遗传标记。本试验以133只澳洲白羊×杜泊羊×湖羊杂交绵羊为研究对象,利用PCR产物直接测序及PCR-RFLP技术检测CLPG与MSTN基因的单核苷酸多态性,然后通过SPSS22.0软件GLM统计模型分析多态位点不同基因型及聚合基因型与绵羊生长性状的关联性。测序结果表明,CLPG基因STS序列232bp处检测到C→T突变位点C1,MSTN基因3'UTR区检测到G→A突变位点M1。PCR-RFLP分析显示,C1位点表现为2种基因型:CC和CT;M1位点表现为2种基因型:GG和GA。关联分析表明,C1位点与绵羊背膘厚和眼肌面积显著或极显著相关(P<0.05;P<0.01),M1位点与绵羊体重、管围、背膘厚和眼肌面积显著或极显著相关(P<0.05;P<0.01)。聚合基因型对体重、背膘厚和眼肌面积影响极显著(P<0.01)。研究揭示CLPG与MSTN基因多态性及其聚合基因型对绵羊生长性状具有显著影响,C1和M1位点可以考虑作为绵羊生长性状的有效遗传标记。 相似文献
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绵羊体重性状全基因组关联分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Motivated by mining major candidate genes across Ovine genome, the present study is to perform genome-wide association studies(GWAS) to detect genes associated with body weight traits. Using Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip, we performed a GWA study in 329 purebred sheep phenotyped for 6 body weight traits(birth weight, weaning weight, 6-month weight, pre-weaning gain, post-weaning gain, daily weight gain). Statistics and data analysis were based on TASSEL program,mixed linear model and the latest Ovis_aries_v3.1 genome sequence (released October 2012). The results indicated that 10 SNPs consistently reached genome-wise significant level for post-weaning gain and 22 SNPs reached chromosome-wise significant level for other body weight traits. The SNPs were within (MEF2B,RFXANK,et al) or close to some ovine genes, which were thought to be the most important candidate genes associated with body weight traits. The results will contribute to identify candidate genes for ovine body weight traits, and facilitate the potential utilization of genes involved production traits in sheep in future. 相似文献
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本研究以卷曲相关同源蛋白（FRZB）基因作为候选基因,以同羊、小尾寒羊、兰州大尾羊和湖羊4个品种共计582只绵羊个体为试验材料,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳结合DNA测序技术对FRZB基因的InDel进行筛查,旨在寻找与4个品种绵羊生长性状相关的InDel位点。结果表明,绵羊FRZB基因第1内含子上检测到一段14 bp的InDel突变;FRZB基因内含子区InDel突变位点在同羊、小尾寒羊、兰州大尾羊和湖羊群体中均存在II、ID、DD 3种基因型;关联分析表明,FRZB基因中检测到的InDel突变对同羊生长性状有显著影响（P<0.05）,其中II基因型的体长、背高、荐高、距骨宽度、尾长和尾宽在同羊群体中显著优于DD基因型,可以作为候选分子标记用于同羊分子标记辅助选择。这些结果提示,绵羊FRZB基因第1内含子上一个14 bp的插入突变可显著影响同羊生长性状,可以作为绵羊育种中生长性状的潜在分子标记。 相似文献
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Hongchang Zhao Shaohua Zhu Tingting Guo Mei Han Bowen Chen Guoyan Qiao Yi Wu Chao Yuan Jianbin Liu Zengkui Lu Weibo Sun Tianxiang Wang Fanwen Li Yajun Zhang Fujun Hou Yaojing Yue Bohui Yang 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(9)
To investigate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with yearling wool traits of fine-wool sheep for optimizing marker-assisted selection and dissection of the genetic architecture of wool traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) for yearling staple length (YSL), yearling mean fiber diameter (YFD), yearling greasy fleece weight (YGFW), and yearling clean fleece rate (YCFR) by using the whole-genome re-sequenced data (totaling 577 sheep) from the following four fine-wool sheep breeds in China: Alpine Merino sheep (AMS), Chinese Merino sheep (CMS), Qinghai fine-wool sheep (QHS), and Aohan fine-wool sheep (AHS). A total of 16 SNPs were detected above the genome-wise significant threshold (P = 5.45E-09), and 79 SNPs were located above the suggestive significance threshold (P = 5.00E-07) from the GWAS results. For YFD and YGFW traits, 7 and 9 SNPs reached the genome-wise significance thresholds, whereas 10 and 12 SNPs reached the suggestive significance threshold, respectively. For YSL and YCFR traits, none of the SNPs reached the genome-wise significance thresholds, whereas 57 SNPs exceeded the suggestive significance threshold. We recorded 14 genes located at the region of ±50-kb near the genome-wise significant SNPs and 59 genes located at the region of ±50-kb near the suggestive significant SNPs. Meanwhile, we used the Average Information Restricted Maximum likelihood algorithm (AI-REML) in the “HIBLUP” package to estimate the heritability and variance components of the four desired yearling wool traits. The estimated heritability values (h2) of YSL, YFD, YGFW, and YCFR were 0.6208, 0.7460, 0.6758, and 0.5559, respectively. We noted that the genetic parameters in this study can be used for fine-wool sheep breeding. The newly detected significant SNPs and the newly identified candidate genes in this study would enhance our understanding of yearling wool formation, and significant SNPs can be applied to genome selection in fine-wool sheep breeding. 相似文献
20.
Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei Ahmad Ayatollahi Mehrgardi Ali Esmailizadeh 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(2):200-208
The primary objective of most horse breeding operations was to maximize reproductive efficiency and minimize the cost of producing live foals. Here, we compared individual horses from the Thoroughbred population (n = 17), known as a horse breed with poor reproductive performance, with other six horse populations (n = 28), to detect genomic signatures of positive selection underlying of reproductive traits. A number of protein-coding genes with significant (p-value <.01) higher FST values (616 genes) and a lower value for nucleotide diversity (π) (310 genes) were identified. The results of our study revealed some candidate genes such as IGFBP2, IGFBP5, GDF9, BRINP3 and GRID1 are possibly associated with functions influencing reproductive traits. These genes may have been under selection due to their essential roles in reproduction performance in horses. The candidate selected genes identified in this work should be of great interest for future research into genetic architecture of traits relevant to horse breeding programmes. 相似文献